scholarly journals Increased Expression of Meteorin-Like Hormone in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity and Its Association with Irisin

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
AlKhairi ◽  
Cherian ◽  
Abu-Farha ◽  
Madhoun ◽  
Nizam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing pandemic associated with metabolic dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Meteorin-like hormone (METRNL) is an adipomyokine that is linked to T2D. Our objective was to evaluate the changes in METRNL levels in T2D and obesity and assess the association of METRNL levels with irisin. Overall, 228 Arab individuals were enrolled. Plasma levels of METRNL and irisin were assessed using immunoassay. Plasma levels of METRNL and irisin were significantly higher in T2D patients than in non-diabetic patients (p < 0.05). When the population was stratified based on obesity, METRNL and irisin levels were significantly higher in obese than in non-obese individuals (p < 0.05). We found a significant positive correlation between METRNL and irisin (r = 0.233 and p = 0.001). Additionally, METRNL and irisin showed significant correlation with various metabolic biomarkers associated with T2D and Obesity. Our data shows elevated METRNL plasma levels in individuals with T2D, further exacerbated with obesity. Additionally, a strong positive association was observed between METRNL and irisin. Further studies are necessary to examine the role of these proteins in T2D and obesity, against their ethnic background and to understand the mechanistic significance of their possible interplay.

scholarly journals Association Between Factors Involved in Bone Remodeling (Osteoactivin and OPG) With Plasma Levels of Irisin and Meteorin-Like Protein in People With T2D and Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi Cherian ◽  
Irina Al-Khairi ◽  
Mohammad Jamal ◽  
Suleiman Al-Sabah ◽  
Hamad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Multiplex Assay ◽  
Endocrine Organs ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

The musculoskeletal system consisting of bones and muscles have been recognized as endocrine organs secreting hormones that are involved in regulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with several musculoskeletal system complications. We hypothesized that an interaction exists between adipomyokines namely, irisin and METRNL, and various molecules involved in bone remodeling in individuals with obesity and T2D. A total of 228 individuals were enrolled in this study, including 124 non-diabetic (ND) and 104 T2D. A Multiplex assay was used to assess the level of various osteogenic molecules namely osteoactivin, Syndecan, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteonectin/SPARC. Our data shows elevated levels of Osteoactivin, Syndecan, OPG and SPARC in T2D as compared to ND individuals (p ≤ 0.05). Using Spearman’s correlation, a positive correlation was observed between irisin and Osteoactivin as well as OPG (p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, a positive association was observed between METRNL and Osteoactivin (p &lt; 0.05). The strong positive association shown in this study between irisin, METRNL and various molecules with osteogenic properties emphasize a possible interaction between these organs. This report suggests that having a dysregulation in the level of the aforementioned molecules could potentially affect the development of bone and muscle related complications that are associated with obesity and T2D.

scholarly journals Gut as an emerging organ for the treatment of diabetes: focus on mechanism of action of bariatric and endoscopic interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haluzík ◽  
Helena Kratochvílová ◽  
Denisa Haluzíková ◽  
Miloš Mráz
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Endoscopic Methods ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Increasing worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its accompanying pathologies such as obesity, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia represents one of the most important challenges of current medicine. Despite intensive efforts, high percentage of patients with type 2 diabetes does not achieve treatment goals and struggle with increasing body weight and poor glucose control. While novel classes of antidiabetic medications such as incretin-based therapies and gliflozins have some favorable characteristics compared to older antidiabetics, the only therapeutic option shown to substantially modify the progression of diabetes or to achieve its remission is bariatric surgery. Its efficacy in the treatment of diabetes is well established, but the exact underlying modes of action are still only partially described. They include restriction of food amount, enhanced passage of chymus into distal part of small intestine with subsequent modification of gastrointestinal hormones and bile acids secretion, neural mechanisms, changes in gut microbiota and many other possible mechanisms underscoring the importance of the gut in the regulation of glucose metabolism. In addition to bariatric surgery, less-invasive endoscopic methods based on the principles of bariatric surgery were introduced and showed promising results. This review highlights the role of the intestine in the regulation of glucose homeostasis focusing on the mechanisms of action of bariatric and especially endoscopic methods of the treatment of diabetes. A better understanding of these mechanisms may lead to less invasive endoscopic treatments of diabetes and obesity that may complement and widen current therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Relationship among HbA1c and Some Markers of Endothelial Damage in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ifeanyichukwu Martin Ositadinma ◽  
Ngwu Amauche Martina ◽  
Eluke Blessing Chekwube
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Activator Inhibitor

Background: A number of processes regulating the thrombolytic balance are impaired in diabetic patients as a result of dysfunction of endothelial cells leading to a hypercoagulative state. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is an important marker of endothelial dysfunction. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen (PAI-1-Ag), the major physiological inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), is mainly produced by endothelium. The aim of this study is to measure plasma levels of von Willebrand factor, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to correlate with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Study Design: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 30 diagnosed type 2 DM patients who were about to start treatment. Place and Duration of Study: Medical outpatient (MOP) clinic of Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital (ESUTTH), between January and December 2016. Methodology: We included 30 patients (13 men, 17 women; age range 40-80 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Blood samples were drawn from the patients before they commenced treatment, six months into the treatment and at twelve months of the treatment. Blood samples were also drawn from 25 age matched non diabetic patients. Plasma von Willebrand factor and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen levels were determined by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were also evaluated along with them. Results: This study was conducted on 30 type 2 DM patients consisting of 13 males and 17 females. At treatment naïve, mean levels of vWF were significantly increased (45.48 +/- 6.46) in male type 2 Diabetic patients compared to the control (20.45 +/- 0.26). Six months into treatment mean levels of vWF were significantly increased (48.18 +/- 4.99) in female type 2 Diabetic patients compared to the control (37.64 +/- 7.93). The plasma levels of vWF were significantly and positively correlated with HbA1c at six months into treatment in male type 2 DM patients. The plasma levels of vWF were also significantly and positively correlated with PAI-1 at six and twelve months into treatment in both genders. Conclusion: There was strong significant positive correlation between plasma levels of vWF and PAI-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

scholarly journals Increased circulating levels of musclin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jia Chen ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Yu-Bin Sui ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

Background: Musclin is a newly identified skeletal muscle–derived secretory factor, which has been recently characterized as a stimulator that induces insulin resistance in mice. However, the pathophysiological role of musclin in humans remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the potential correlations between musclin plasma levels and various metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: In this hospital-based study, plasma samples were collected from the enrolled individuals, including 38 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 41 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Plasma musclin levels were examined by radioimmunoassay. Results: Compared with the control group, musclin plasma levels were significantly higher in untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Musclin levels in the plasma of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, haemoglobin A1c, serum insulin, triglycerides and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the level of musclin was associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve for musclin of 0.718 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The circulating concentration of musclin was significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Our results suggest that musclin has a strong relationship with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Mediation Role of C-Reactive Protein on the Association between Smoking Quantity and Type 2 Diabetes in Current Chinese Smokers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Feng ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Emma Karp ◽  
Wenhua Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Smoking Quantity ◽  
Develop Type ◽  
Who 1999 Criteria

Objective. Previous studies have indicated that cigarette smokers are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and that both smoking and type 2 diabetes are associated with C-reactive protein (CRP). This study examined whether CRP mediates the association between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes.Methods. Nine hundred and eighty-four current Chinese smokers were selected from a community-based chronic disease survey conducted in Guangzhou and Zhuhai. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to the WHO 1999 criteria. CRP was measured with flow cytometry. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the mediation.Results. A positive association was observed between smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes (P<0.05). After controlling for potential confounders, daily cigarette consumption was significantly associated with higher CRP levels. Current smokers with type 2 diabetes had higher CRP levels than smokers without type 2 diabetes. The association between the smoking quantity and type 2 diabetes was mediated by CRP, which accounted for 50.77% of the association.Conclusions. This study provides further evidence that smoking quantity is positively associated with type 2 diabetes and suggests that the association between smoking and type 2 diabetes might be mediated by CRP.

scholarly journals HuR-mediated posttranscriptional modification of Cx40 and coronary microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Si ◽  
Jody Tori O. Cabrera ◽  
Atsumi Tsuji-Hosokawa ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Rui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation

Abstract Background Diabetic patients with coronary microvascular disease (CMD) exhibit higher cardiac mortality than patients without CMD. However, the molecular mechanism by which diabetes promotes CMD is poorly understood. RNA-binding protein HuR is a key regulator of mRNA stability and translation of many genes, and there is growing evidence showing the potential role of HuR in cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the role of HuR and its target genes in the development of CMD in type 2 diabetic mice. Methods Type 2 diabetes was induced in male mice by a high-fat diet combined with a single injection of low-dose streptozotocin. We assessed coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR, a determinant of coronary microvascular function) in vivo and isolated cardiac endothelial cells (CECs) from those mice for in vitro experiment. Coronary endothelial function was evaluated in the 3rd order of coronary arteries using a wire myograph. Human CECs from 4 control subjects and 4 diabetic patients were purchased from the company. Results Diabetic mice exhibited decreases in CFVR and capillary density in the left ventricle (LV). HuR protein levels in CECs were significantly lower in diabetic mice and diabetic patients than in the controls. Endothelial-specific HuR-KO mice also displayed significant reductions in CFVR and capillary density. By examining mRNA levels of 92 genes associated with endothelial function, we found that HuR, Cx40, and Nox4 levels were decreased in CECs from diabetic and HuR-KO mice in comparison to control mice. Cx40 protein level and HuR binding to Cx40 mRNA were downregulated in CECs from diabetic mice, and Cx40-KO mice exhibited decreased CFVR, attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxation, and reduced capillary density in the LV. Furthermore, endothelium-specific Cx40 overexpression ameliorated endothelial functions by augmenting endothelium-dependent relaxation and increasing capillary density in the LV, and resulted in the improvement of CFVR in diabetic mice. Conclusions These data suggest that decreased HuR, a specific mRNA binding protein that downregulates gap junction protein Cx40 in CECs, plays an important role in the development of coronary microvascular disease in diabetes. Restoration of Cx40 expression and function is potentially a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic cardiovascular complications.

Role of probiotics for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis in patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawaz Alqahtani ◽  
Maha Alshaikh ◽  
Abid Mehmood ◽  
Nasser Alqhtani ◽  
Fahad Alkhtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Crestal Bone Loss ◽  
Group 2

The hypothesis was that probiotic therapy (PT) does not offer additional benefits to mechanical debridement (MD) for treatment of diabetic subjects with peri-implant mucositis (PM). This study compared the influence of PT as an adjunct to MD for the treatment of PM in type2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients over a 12-month follow-up period. Patients with and without type-2 diabetes were encompassed. Based upon treatment-procedure, PM patients were categorized into 2 groups: (a) Non-surgical + PT; and (b) Group-2: Non-surgical MD alone. Demographics and education statuses were recorded. Gingival (GI) and plaque (PI) indices, crestal bone loss (CBL) and probing depth (PD were measured at baseline and after 6- and 12-months. Significant differences were detected with P&lt;0.01. The HbA1c was significantly higher in diabetic patients at all time durations than patients without type-2 diabetes (P&lt;0.001). Baseline GI, PI, PD and CBL) were comparable in all groups. In patients with type-2-diabetes, there was no difference in PI, GI, PD and CBL at 6- and 12-months’ follow-up. In patients without type-2 diabetes, there was a significant reduction in PI (P&lt;0.01), GI (P&lt;0.01), and PD (P&lt;0.01) at 6-months and 1-year follow-up than their values at baseline. In patients without type-2 diabetes, MD with or without adjunct PT reduces soft tissue inflammatory parameters in patients with PM.

scholarly journals Elevated RBP4 plasma levels were associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Ying Li ◽  
Xian-Xian Chen ◽  
Xiao-Hua Lu ◽  
Chuang-Biao Zhang ◽  
Qi-Ping Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Adjusted Risk

The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been postulated to play a role in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus in human and animal studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of RBP4 in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Plasma RBP4 concentrations were tested in 287 patients with type 2 diabetes. At baseline, demographic and clinical information including presence of DR and vision-threatening DR (VTDR) was collected. The relationship between RBP4 and DR (VTDR) was investigated using logistic regression. Patients with DR or VTDR had significantly higher plasma levels of RBP4 on admission (P<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) to predict DR and VDTR demonstrated areas under the curve for RBP4 of 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–0.85) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85–0.94), respectively, which were superior to other factors. For each 1 μg/ml increase in plasma level of RBP4, the unadjusted and adjusted risk of DR would be increased by 8% (with the odds ratio (OR) of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05–1.13), P<0.001) and 5% (1.05 (1.02–1.11), P=0.001), respectively. It was 12% (with the OR of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07–1.18), P<0.001) and 9% (1.09 (1.05–1.15), P<0.001) for VTDR. The present study shows that elevated plasma levels of RBP4 were associated with DR and VDTR in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a possible role of RBP4 in the pathogenesis of DR complications. Lowering RBP4 could be a new strategy for treating type 2 diabetes with DR.

scholarly journals Urinary Vitamin-D Binding Protein as an Early Predictor of Diabetic Nephropathyin Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Madha Mohammed Sheet Saleh ◽  
Isam Noori Salman AL-Karawi ◽  
Haael Subhi Abbas Alkhafajy
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Early Prediction ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
New Biomarkers

    Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication that may lead to chronic renal failure in diabetic patients. Till now microalbuminuria, with its restrictions, is the early marker of DN, appeared after the disease exacerbation. Thus, new biomarkers are required to predict the early onset of DN before the appearance of microalbuminuria. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible use of uVDBP in the early prediction of DN. Fifty diabetic patients with DN and 40 diabetic patients without DN for both types of diabetes were enrolled in this study. All patients were tested for uACR, uVDBP (measured by ELISA), and blood HbA1c. The results demonstrated a highly significant elevation of uACR, HbA1c and uVDBP in diabetic patients with DN compared to those without DN. uVDBP exhibited a strong positive correlation with HbA1c and uACR in DN patients. ROC curve analysis showed a greater AUC (0.93), and cutoff value was >152 ng/ml with 94% sensitivity and 82% specificity for early detection of DN. These findings suggesting the sensitive and potential role of uVDBP in the early prediction and diagnosis of DN in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals DIABETIC FOOT SYNDROME AS A POSSIBLE CARDIOVASCULAR MARKER IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Riyaz Beg ◽  
Vidhi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Morbidity

Diabetic foot ulcerations have been extensively reported as vascular complications of diabetes mellitus associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality; in fact, some studies showed a higher prevalence of major, previous and new-onset, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular events in diabetic patients with foot ulcers than in those without these complications. This is consistent with the fact that in diabetes there is a complex interplay of several variables with inflammatory metabolic disorders and their effect on the cardiovascular system that could explain previous reports of high morbidity and mortality rates in diabetic patients with amputations. Involvement of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 plasma levels in diabetic subjects confirmed the pathogenetic issue of the “adipovascular” axis that may contribute to cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients with diabetic foot, this “adipovascular axis” expression in lower plasma levels of adiponectin and higher plasma levels of IL-6 could be linked to foot ulcers pathogenesis by microvascular and inflammatory mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to focus on the immune inflammatory features of DFS and its possible role as a marker of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients.

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