scholarly journals The MicroRNA Centrism in the Orchestration of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Nuzziello ◽  
Maria Liguori
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Bidirectional Regulation ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a unique ability to regulate the transcriptomic profile by binding to complementary regulatory RNA sequences. The ability of miRNAs to enhance (proinflammatory miRNAs) or restrict (anti-inflammatory miRNAs) inflammatory signalling within the central nervous system is an area of ongoing research, particularly in the context of disorders that feature neuroinflammation, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Furthermore, the discovery of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) has led to an increase in the complexity of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, with a paradigm shift from a unidirectional to a bidirectional regulation, where miRNA acts as both a regulator and is regulated by ceRNAs. Increasing evidence has revealed that ceRNAs, including long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and pseudogenes, can act as miRNA sponges to regulate neuroinflammation in NDDs within complex cross-talk regulatory machinery, which is referred to as ceRNA network (ceRNET). In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in neuroinflammatory regulation and the manner in which cellular and vesicular ceRNETs could influence neuroinflammatory dynamics in complex multifactorial diseases, such as NDDs.

scholarly journals The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Melika Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Mahrooyeh Hadizadeh ◽  
Chris Young ◽  
Hosna Babini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.

scholarly journals Role of circular RNAs in cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gong ◽  
Gengze Wu ◽  
Chunyu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Expression Abundance ◽  
Therapeutic Perspective

Over the last several decades, cardiovascular diseases largely increase the morbidity and mortality especially in developed countries, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although extensive work over the last two decades attempted to decipher the molecular network of regulating the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases, evidences from clinical trials with newly revealed targets failed to show more evidently salutary effects, indicating the inefficiency of understanding the complete regulatory landscape. Recent studies have shifted their focus from coding genes to the non-coding ones, which consist of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the lately re-discovered a unique group of RNAs—circular RNAs (circRNAs). As the focus now has been shifted to the newly identified group of non-coding RNAs, circRNAs exhibit stability, highly conservation and relative enriched expression abundance in some cases, which are distinct from their cognate linear counterparts—lncRNAs. So far, emerging evidence begins to support the critical role of circRNAs in organogenesis and pathogenesis as exemplified in the central nervous system, and could be just as implicative in the cardiovascular system, suggesting a therapeutic perspective in related diseases. Impact statement Circular RNAs are important regulators of multiple biological processes such as organogenesis and oncogenesis. Although the bulk of concerning studies focused on revealing their diversified roles in various types of cancers, reports began to accumulate in cardiovascular field these days. We summarize circular RNAs implicated in cardiovascular diseases, aiming to highlight the advances in the knowledge of such diseases and their potential of being promising target for diagnosis and therapy.

Circular RNAs: the Emerging Class of Non-coding RNAs and Their Potential Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 7224-7234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
Shamsuzzama ◽  
Rizwanul Haque ◽  
Tanvi Baghel ◽  
Aamir Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Research Progress of circRNAs in Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Guo ◽  
Haozhe Piao
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Terminal Poly

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded covalently closed non-coding RNAs without a 5′ cap structure or 3′ terminal poly (A) tail, which are expressed in a variety of tissues and cells with conserved, stable and specific characteristics. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal tumor in the central nervous system, characterized by high recurrence and mortality rates. The specific expression of circRNAs in GBM has demonstrated their potential to become new biomarkers for the development of GBM. The specific expression of circRNAs in GBM has shown their potential as new biomarkers for GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, which provides new ideas for GBM treatment. In this paper, we will review the biological properties and functions of circRNAs and their biological roles and clinical applications in GBM.

scholarly journals MiR-149-5p: An Important miRNA Regulated by Competing Endogenous RNAs in Diverse Human Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-jia Ren ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Xiao-yu Cai ◽  
Yu-ting Cai ◽  
Qian Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) consist of a large family of small, non-coding RNAs with the ability to result in gene silencing post-transcriptionally. With recent advances in research technology over the past several years, the physiological and pathological potentials of miRNAs have been gradually uncovered. MiR-149-5p, a conserved miRNA, was found to regulate physiological processes, such as inflammatory response, adipogenesis and cell proliferation. Notably, increasing studies indicate miR-149-5p may act as an important regulator in solid tumors, especially cancers in reproductive system and digestive system. It has been acknowledged that miR-149-5p can function as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different cancers, which is achieved by controlling a variety of genes expression and adjusting downstream signaling pathway. Moreover, the levels of miR-149-5p are influenced by several newly discovered long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, there is blank about systematic function and mechanism of miR-149-5p in human cancers. In this review, we firstly summarize the present comprehension of miR-149-5p at the molecular level, its vital role in tumor initiation and progression, as well as its potential roles in monitoring diverse reproductive and digestive malignancies.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs and the deregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome network in neurodegeneration: a familia tria?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan S Persengiev
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Small Rna Species

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a diverse group of gene regulatory factors that can posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression in response to various stimuli during brain development and differentiation. Subsets of ncRNAs and miRNAs in particular, are very specifically expressed within the central nervous system and participate in the regulation of important brain functions. miRNAs are essential for the postmitotic survival of neurons, and therefore might play a role in neuroprotection. A number of miRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases implying that they can contribute to pathogenesis. Furthermore, in light of the neuroprotective properties of some miRNAs, these small RNA species may themselves be the focus for drug development. Here, we review recent studies that imply a link between miRNA role in the regulation of ubiquitine-proteasome pathways and neurodegeneration and discuss how increased knowledge of miRNAs might serve the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Functional Roles and Biological Mechanisms of Circular RNAs and Their Encoded Peptides in Glioma: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti ◽  
Sana Dadashi ◽  
Anahita Dah Pahlevan ◽  
Fatemeh Kafshresan
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a complicated class of non-coding RNAs that have a covalently closed loop structure and are very stable and cautious. Multiple biological processes of malignancy, including tumorigenesis, development, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and vascularization, are disrupted by an increased number of circRNAs. Recent research has showed that circRNAs, functioning as microRNA (miRNA) sponges or protein scaffolds, interacting with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and autophagy regulators, affect the transcription and splicing regulation. Many circRNAs have tissue-specific expression patterns and are heavily conserved. CircRNA levels in neurons are dynamically modulated. Growing evidence suggests that circRNAs are highly abundant in neural tissues, perhaps owing to the proliferation of particular genes that promote circularization, implying that circRNA dysregulation is linked to nervous system disorders including glioma. The most widespread and deadly primary malignant brain tumor is glioma. CircRNA has a close connection to glioma, according to reported research. Here, the current knowledge about the properties of circRNAs is introduced and the biological and molecular functions of circRNAs are described. Then, the clinical association of circRNAs with glioma/glioblastoma and their level of expression and their regulatory mechanisms in tumorigenesis are discussed. Moreover, the potential of circRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and predictors of brain cancer risk and possible therapeutic targets in medicine is examined.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNAs and Circular RNAs: Insights Into Microglia and Astrocyte Mediated Neurological Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Chen ◽  
Xingning Lai ◽  
Xifeng Wang ◽  
Jun Ying ◽  
Lieliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Neuron Damage ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Microglia and astrocytes maintain tissue homeostasis in the nervous system. Both microglia and astrocytes have pro-inflammatory phenotype and anti-inflammatory phenotype. Activated microglia and activated astrocytes can contribute to several neurological diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), two groups of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), can function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to impair the microRNA (miRNA) inhibition on targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). LncRNAs and circRNAs are involved in various neurological disorders. In this review, we summarized that lncRNAs and circRNAs participate in microglia dysfunction, astrocyte dysfunction, neuron damage, and inflammation. Thereby, lncRNAs and circRNAs can positively or negatively regulate neurological diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), stroke, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Besides, we also found a lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in microglia and astrocyte mediated neurological diseases. Through this review, we hope to cast light on the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs and circRNAs in microglia and astrocyte mediated neurological diseases and provide new insights for neurological disease treatment.

scholarly journals The Emerging Roles of Circular RNAs in Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p126
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Ge ◽  
Xinjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
The World ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Migration

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant diseases and the forth common cause for death in the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have a covalent closed loop without 5’ and 3’ ends. Studies indicated that many circRNAs are differently expressed in CRC cells and tissues. Their different expression levels are significantly correlated with clinicopathological features and overall survival time of CRC patients. Additionally, they regulate CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration mainly by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). In this review, we reviewed CRC-associated circRNAs, described their functions and mechanisms, discussed their potential as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of CRC.

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