scholarly journals Melatonin Supplementation Attenuates the Pro-Inflammatory Adipokines Expression in Visceral Fat from Obese Mice Induced by A High-Fat Diet

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita da Silva Mendes de Farias ◽  
Regislane Ino da Paixao ◽  
Maysa Mariana Cruz ◽  
Roberta Dourado Cavalcante da Cunha de Sa ◽  
Jussara de Jesus Simão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Fat Depot

Obesity is defined as a condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in white adipose tissue that results from the exacerbated consumption of calories associated with low energy expenditure. Fat accumulation in both adipose tissue and other organs contributes to a systemic inflammation leading to the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and improves inflammatory processes and energy metabolism. Using male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD—59% fat from lard and soybean oil; 9:1) as an obesity model, we investigated the effects of melatonin supplementation on the prevention of obesity-associated complications through an analysis of plasma biochemical profile, body and fat depots mass, adipocytes size and inflammatory cytokines expression in epididymal (EPI) adipose depot. Melatonin prevented a gain of body weight and fat depot mass as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Melatonin also reversed the increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol. In addition, this neurohormone was effective in completely decreasing the inflammatory cytokines leptin and resistin in plasma. In the EPI depot, melatonin reversed the increase of leptin, Il-6, Mcp-1 and Tnf-α triggered by obesity. These data allow us to infer that melatonin presents an anti-obesity effect since it acts to prevent the progression of pro-inflammatory markers in the epididymal adipose tissue together with a reduction in adiposity.

scholarly journals Peripancreatic adipose tissue protects against high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2323-2334
Author(s):  
Belén Chanclón ◽  
Yanling Wu ◽  
Milica Vujičić ◽  
Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge ◽  
Elin Banke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Fat Depot

Abstract Background/objectives Visceral adiposity is associated with increased diabetes risk, while expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue may be protective. However, the visceral compartment contains different fat depots. Peripancreatic adipose tissue (PAT) is an understudied visceral fat depot. Here, we aimed to define PAT functionality in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Subjects/methods Four adipose tissue depots (inguinal, mesenteric, gonadal, and peripancreatic adipose tissue) from chow- and HFD-fed male mice were compared with respect to adipocyte size (n = 4–5/group), cellular composition (FACS analysis, n = 5–6/group), lipogenesis and lipolysis (n = 3/group), and gene expression (n = 6–10/group). Radioactive tracers were used to compare lipid and glucose metabolism between these four fat depots in vivo (n = 5–11/group). To determine the role of PAT in obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, PAT was surgically removed prior to challenging the mice with HFD. PAT-ectomized mice were compared to sham controls with respect to glucose tolerance, basal and glucose-stimulated insulin levels, hepatic and pancreatic steatosis, and gene expression (n = 8–10/group). Results We found that PAT is a tiny fat depot (~0.2% of the total fat mass) containing relatively small adipocytes and many “non-adipocytes” such as leukocytes and fibroblasts. PAT was distinguished from the other fat depots by increased glucose uptake and increased fatty acid oxidation in both lean and obese mice. Moreover, PAT was the only fat depot where the tissue weight correlated positively with liver weight in obese mice (R = 0.65; p = 0.009). Surgical removal of PAT followed by 16-week HFD feeding was associated with aggravated hepatic steatosis (p = 0.008) and higher basal (p < 0.05) and glucose-stimulated insulin levels (p < 0.01). PAT removal also led to enlarged pancreatic islets and increased pancreatic expression of markers of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet development (p < 0.05). Conclusions PAT is a small metabolically highly active fat depot that plays a previously unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in advanced obesity.

Identification of genes expressed differentially in subcutaneous and visceral fat of cattle, pig, and mouse

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Hishikawa ◽  
Yeon-Hee Hong ◽  
Sang-gun Roh ◽  
Hisae Miyahara ◽  
Yukihiko Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Visceral Adipose

The factors that control fat deposition in adipose tissues are poorly understood. It is known that visceral adipose tissues display a range of biochemical properties that distinguish them from adipose tissues of subcutaneous origin. However, we have little information on gene expression, either in relation to fat deposition or on interspecies variation in fat deposition. The first step in this study was to identify genes expressed in fat depot of cattle using the differential display RT-PCR method. Among the transcripts identified as having differential expression in the two adipose tissues were cell division cycle 42 homolog (CDC42), prefoldin-5, decorin, phosphate carrier, 12S ribosomal RNA gene, and kelch repeat and BTB domain containing 2 (Kbtbd2). In subsequent experiments, we determined the expression levels of these latter genes in the pig and in mice fed either a control or high-fat diet to compare the regulation of fat accumulation in other animal species. The levels of CDC42 and decorin mRNA were found to be higher in visceral adipose tissue than in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cattle, pig, and mice. However, the other genes studied did not show consistent expression patterns between the two tissues in cattle, pigs, and mice. Interestingly, all genes were upregulated in subcutaneous and/or visceral adipose tissues of mice fed the high-fat diet compared with the control diet. The data presented here extend our understanding of gene expression in fat depots and provide further proof that the mechanisms of fat accumulation differ significantly between animal species.

scholarly journals MEK6 Overexpression Exacerbates Fat Accumulation and Inflammatory Cytokines in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13559
Author(s):  
Suyeon Lee ◽  
Myoungsook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Lipid Formation

Obesity is a state of abnormal fat accumulation caused by an energy imbalance potentially caused by changes in multiple factors. MEK6 engages in cell growth, such as inflammation and apoptosis, as one of the MAPK signaling pathways. The MEK6 gene was found to be related to RMR, a gene associated with obesity. Because only a few studies have investigated the correlation between MEK6 and obesity or the relevant mechanisms, we conducted an experiment using a TgMEK6 model with MEK6 overexpression with non-Tg and chow diet as the control to determine changes in lipid metabolism in plasma, liver, and adipose tissue after a 15-week high-fat diet (HFD). MEK6 overexpression in the TgMEK6 model significantly increased body weight and plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. p38 activity declined in the liver and adipose tissues and lowered lipolysis, oxidation, and thermogenesis levels, contributing to decreased energy consumption. In the liver, lipid formation and accumulation increased, and in adipose, adipogenesis and hypertrophy increased. The adiponectin/leptin ratio significantly declined in plasma and adipose tissue of the TgMEK6 group following MEK6 expression and the HFD, indicating the role of MEK6 expression in adipokine regulation. Plasma and bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) of the TgMEK6 group increased MEK6 expression-dependent secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines but decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, further exacerbating the results exhibited by the diet-induced obesity group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the synergistic effect of MEK6 with HFD in fat accumulation by significantly inhibiting the mechanisms of lipolysis in the adipose and M2 associated cytokines secretion in the BMDM.

Lactobacillus plantarum Shinshu N-07 isolated from fermented Brassica rapa L. attenuates visceral fat accumulation induced by high-fat diet in mice

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
T. Yin ◽  
S. Bayanjargal ◽  
B. Fang ◽  
C. Inaba ◽  
M. Mutoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation

Lactobacillus plantarum Shinshu N-07 (N07) and Lactobacillus curvatus #4G2 (#4G2) were isolated from fermented Brassica rapa L. and selected as promising probiotics with anti-adiposity activities based on in vitro assays. The anti-adiposity effects of these two strains were investigated using a diet-induced obesity animal model. Epididymal adipose tissue weight and adipocyte area were significantly lower and serum triglycerides and glucose tended to be lower in mice fed the high-fat diet supplemented with N07 compared with those fed the unsupplemented high-fat diet. Strain N07 suppressed hepatic steatosis, with accompanying downregulation of lipogenic genes in the liver. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration markers tended to be suppressed by N07 supplementation. Upregulation of uncoupling protein-1 in epididymal adipose tissue by N07 suggested that the transformation of white adipose tissue to brown might have been induced. Intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that a decrease in abundance of family S24-7 (phylum Bacteroidetes) following ingestion of the high-fat diet was partly recovered by supplementation with N07. Changes in those parameters were not observed in mice fed the high-fat diet supplemented with strain #4G2, suggesting strain specificities. Thus, N07 is a potential probiotic strain that could be used to develop functional foods that attenuate visceral fat accumulation after an appropriate human intervention trial.

scholarly journals Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Modulating the Expression of Molecules Involved in Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shen ◽  
Su Jin Song ◽  
Narae Keum ◽  
Taesun Park
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Olive Leaf Extract

The present study aimed to investigate whether olive leaf extract (OLE) prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Mice were randomly divided into groups that received a chow diet (CD), HFD, or 0.15% OLE-supplemented diet (OLD) for 8 weeks. OLD-fed mice showed significantly reduced body weight gain, visceral fat-pad weights, and plasma lipid levels as compared with HFD-fed mice. OLE significantly reversed the HFD-induced upregulation of WNT10b- and galanin-mediated signaling molecules and key adipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, CD36, FAS, and leptin) in the epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, the HFD-induced downregulation of thermogenic genes involved in uncoupled respiration (SIRT1, PGC1α, and UCP1) and mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM, NRF-1, and COX2) was also significantly reversed by OLE. These results suggest that OLE exerts beneficial effects against obesity by regulating the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and thermogenesis in the visceral adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice.

scholarly journals Chlorogenic Acid and Geniposide Combination Prevents NASH in Rats Fed High-fat diet via Microbiota and TLR4-LPS Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijia Zhou ◽  
Lingxia Xu ◽  
Shaoliang Zhang ◽  
Shilin Xu ◽  
Yanmiao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Objective: Chlorogenic acid and geniposide (CG) are derived from traditional Chinese medicine, Yinchenhao Recipe (QCHR), and can improve the clinical efficacy of NASH patients. This study investigated the effects of CG on NASH and expounded its Potential mechanism of action through the LPS-TLR4 pathway and microbiota. Methods: Rats were randomized into Control (C), Model (M), Chlorogenic Acid and Geniposide (CG), Pioglitazone (PH) and Bifico (B) groups. After an 8-week high-fat diet (HFD), CG, PH and B oral treatment were initiated and carried out for a further 8 weeks. The stool samples were used in a16S rDNA V4 highly variable region measurement method in order to regulate the role of CG in gut microbiota. The concentrations of triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS were detected by the corresponding methods. Results: Observations were made that CG significantly improved the pathology of the liver and terminal ileum tissue. The accumulation of TG and the content of inflammatory cytokines in the liver were significantly decreased and the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly down-regulated. The expression of TLR4, AP-1, MyD88, and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 were significantly decreased. All the findings above indicated that CG was highly effective in improving the composition of gut microbiota, decreasing the production of endogenous LPS, and reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines through the gut-liver axis.Conclusion: CG can regulate the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbial community and improve liver inflammation and steatosis in NASH rats by reducing LPS-TLR4-mediated inflammation.

scholarly journals The Role of Berberine in the Prevention of HIF-1α Activation to Alleviate Adipose Tissue Fibrosis in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilin Hu ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Jinlong Luo ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Ke Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Fibrosis

Berberine (BBR) is the main active ingredient of a traditional Chinese herb Coptis chinensis. It has been reported to exhibit beneficial effects in treating diabetes and obesity. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Adipose tissue fibrosis is a hallmark of obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction. HIF-1α plays a key role in adipose tissue fibrosis, which closely linked to metabolic dysfunction in obese state. We hypothesized that BBR may alleviate obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis and associated metabolic dysfunction through inhibition of HIF-1α. To test this hypothesis, we treated high fat diet (HFD) feeding mice with different dose of BBR (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. We found that BBR treatment greatly decreased the body weight gain and reduced insulin resistance induced by HFD. Data also revealed that BBR improved histologic fibrous of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and was accompanied with inhibition of the abnormal synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin. We also found that BBR treatment suppressed the expression of HIF-1α and decreased the mRNA expression of LOX in epididymal adipose tissue, which plays a key role in fibrosis development. Taken together, these results suggest that BBR can regulate metabolic homeostasis and suppress adipose tissue fibrosis through inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Decreases the Leukocyte Infiltration to White Adipose Tissue and Attenuates Inflammatory Response in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chorng-Kai Wen ◽  
Tzung-Yan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Rats

Suppression of white adipose tissue inflammatory signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced inflammatory response. However, the precise mechanism of efficacy of acupuncture related to adipose tissue remains poorly understood. In the present study we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of 10 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) which was applied at the acupoint Zusanli (ST36) for 20 min per day in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obesity model. Treatment lasted for one week. Obese rats treated with EA showed significantly reduced body weight compared with the rats in HFD group. EA decreased the number of F4/80 and CD11b-positive macrophages in epididymal adipose tissue. We found that 10 Hz EA given 7 days/week at ST36 acupoints significantly alleviated macrophage recruitment and then improved the obesity-associated factors of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and target genes expression in rats with HFD. Adipose tissue inflammatory responses indicated by tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and CD68 mRNA expression were significantly reduced by EA in obese rats. Additionally, EA was found to significantly reduced serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 in this model. These results indicated that EA improved adipose tissue inflammatory response in obese rats, at least partly, via attenuation of lipogenesis signaling.

Effect of the detraining status on high-fat diet induced fat accumulation in the adipose tissue and liver in female rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siham Yasari ◽  
Elise Dufresne ◽  
Denis Prud'homme ◽  
Jean-Marc Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation
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