scholarly journals Tracing IgE-Producing Cells in Allergic Patients

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Eckl-Dorna ◽  
Sergio Villazala-Merino ◽  
Nicholas James Campion ◽  
Maria Byazrova ◽  
Alexander Filatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Allergen Exposure ◽  
World Population ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Ige Receptors ◽  
Pre Treatment

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the key immunoglobulin in the pathogenesis of IgE associated allergic diseases affecting 30% of the world population. Recent data suggest that allergen-specific IgE levels in serum of allergic patients are sustained by two different mechanisms: inducible IgE production through allergen exposure, and continuous IgE production occurring even in the absence of allergen stimulus that maintains IgE levels. This assumption is supported by two observations. First, allergen exposure induces transient increases of systemic IgE production. Second, reduction in IgE levels upon depletion of IgE from the blood of allergic patients using immunoapheresis is only temporary and IgE levels quickly return to pre-treatment levels even in the absence of allergen exposure. Though IgE production has been observed in the peripheral blood and locally in various human tissues (e.g., nose, lung, spleen, bone marrow), the origin and main sites of IgE production in humans remain unknown. Furthermore, IgE-producing cells in humans have yet to be fully characterized. Capturing IgE-producing cells is challenging not only because current staining technologies are inadequate, but also because the cells are rare, they are difficult to discriminate from cells bearing IgE bound to IgE-receptors, and plasma cells express little IgE on their surface. However, due to the central role in mediating both the early and late phases of allergy, free IgE, IgE-bearing effector cells and IgE-producing cells are important therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss current knowledge and unanswered questions regarding IgE production in allergic patients as well as possible therapeutic approaches targeting IgE.

Chronic allergen exposure drives accumulation of long-lived IgE plasma cells in the bone marrow, giving rise to serological memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (43) ◽  
pp. eaav8402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seblewongel Asrat ◽  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Li-Hong Ben ◽  
Daisuke Kajimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Allergen Exposure ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Dual Reporter ◽  
Bone Marrow Plasma ◽  
Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays an important role in allergic diseases. Nevertheless, the source of IgE serological memory remains controversial. We reexamined the mechanism of serological memory in allergy using a dual reporter system to track IgE+ plasma cells in mice. Short-term allergen exposure resulted in the generation of IgE+ plasma cells that resided mainly in secondary lymphoid organs and produced IgE that was unable to degranulate mast cells. In contrast, chronic allergen exposure led to the generation of long-lived IgE+ plasma cells that were primarily derived from sequential class switching of IgG1, accumulated in the bone marrow, and produced IgE capable of inducing anaphylaxis. IgE+ plasma cells were found in the bone marrow of human allergic, but not nonallergic donors, and allergen-specific IgE produced by these cells was able to induce mast cell degranulation when transferred to mice. These data demonstrate that long-lived IgE+ bone marrow plasma cells arise during chronic allergen exposure and establish serological memory in both mice and humans.

scholarly journals The role of IgE, IgG, and IgA in tolerance, sensitization, and targeted treatment of allergic disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Shamji ◽  
Rudolf Valenta ◽  
Theodore Jardetzky ◽  
Valerie Verhasselt ◽  
Stephen Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Iga Antibodies

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy is the most common hypersensitivity disease affecting more than 30% of the population. In genetically-predisposed subjects exposure to minute quantities of allergens leads to the production of IgE antibodies which is termed allergic sensitization and mainly occurs in early childhood. Allergen-specific IgE then binds to the high (FcRI) and low affinity receptors (FcRII, also called CD23) for IgE on effector cells and antigen-presenting cells, respectively. Subsequent and repeated allergen exposure increases allergen-specific IgE levels and, by receptor cross-linking, triggers immediate release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils whereas IgE-facilitated allergen presentation perpetuates T cell-mediated allergic inflammation. Due to engagement of receptors which are highly selective for IgE even tiny amounts of allergens can induce massive inflammation. Naturally occurring allergen-specific IgG and IgA antibodies usually recognize different epitopes on allergens compared to IgE, and do not efficiently interfere with allergen-induced inflammation. However IgG and IgA antibodies to these important IgE epitopes can be induced by allergen-specific immunotherapy or by passive immunization. These will lead to competition with IgE for binding with the allergen and prevent allergic responses. Similarly, anti-IgE treatment does the same by preventing IgE from binding to its receptor on mastcells and basophils. Here we review the complex interplay of allergen-specific IgE, IgG and IgA and the corresponding cell receptors in allergic diseases and its relevance for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergy.

scholarly journals The role of IgE, IgG, and IgA in tolerance, sensitization, and targeted treatment of allergic disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Shamji ◽  
Rudolf Valenta ◽  
Theodore Jardetzky ◽  
Valerie Verhasselt ◽  
Stephen Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Iga Antibodies

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy is the most common hypersensitivity disease affecting more than 30% of the population. In genetically-predisposed subjects exposure to minute quantities of allergens leads to the production of IgE antibodies which is termed allergic sensitization and mainly occurs in early childhood. Allergen-specific IgE then binds to the high (FcRI) and low affinity receptors (FcRII, also called CD23) for IgE on effector cells and antigen-presenting cells, respectively. Subsequent and repeated allergen exposure increases allergen-specific IgE levels and, by receptor cross-linking, triggers immediate release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils whereas IgE-facilitated allergen presentation perpetuates T cell-mediated allergic inflammation. Due to engagement of receptors which are highly selective for IgE even tiny amounts of allergens can induce massive inflammation. Naturally occurring allergen-specific IgG and IgA antibodies usually recognize different epitopes on allergens compared to IgE, and do not efficiently interfere with allergen-induced inflammation. However IgG and IgA antibodies to these important IgE epitopes can be induced by allergen-specific immunotherapy or by passive immunization. These will lead to competition with IgE for binding with the allergen and prevent allergic responses. Similarly, anti-IgE treatment does the same by preventing IgE from binding to its receptor on mastcells and basophils. Here we review the complex interplay of allergen-specific IgE, IgG and IgA and the corresponding cell receptors in allergic diseases and its relevance for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergy.

Immunotheraphy in Allergic Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174-1194
Author(s):  
Albert Roger ◽  
Maria Basagana ◽  
Aina Teniente-Serra ◽  
Nathalie Depreux ◽  
Yanina Jurgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
World Population ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Special Case

The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing worldwide. It is estimated that more than 30% of the world population is now affected by one or more allergic conditions and a high proportion of this increase is in young people. The diagnosis of allergy is dependent on a history of symptoms on exposure to an allergen together with the detection of allergen-specific IgE. Accurate diagnosis of allergies opens up therapeutic options. Allergen specific immunotherapy is the only successful disease-modifying therapy for IgE-mediated allergic diseases. New therapeutic strategies have been developed or are currently under clinical trials. Besides new routes of administration, new types of allergens are being developed. The use of adjuvants may amplify the immune response towards tolerance to the antigens. In this review, we analyze different antigen-specific immunotherapies according to administration route, type of antigens and adjuvants, and we address the special case of food allergy.

scholarly journals Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy: Immune Mechanisms of Induced Protection and Tolerance

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
Ajda Demšar Luzar ◽  
Peter Korošec ◽  
Mitja Košnik ◽  
Mihaela Zidarn ◽  
Matija Rijavec
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Hymenoptera Venom ◽  
Venom Immunotherapy ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Sting Challenge ◽  
Effectiveness Data

Hymenoptera venom allergy is one of the most severe allergic diseases, with a considerable prevalence of anaphylactic reaction, making it potentially lethal. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent findings in understanding induced immune mechanisms during different phases of venom immunotherapy. We focus on protection mechanisms that occur early, during the build-up phase, and on the immune tolerance, which occurs later, during and after Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy. The short-term protection seems to be established by the early desensitization of mast cells and basophils, which plays a crucial role in preventing anaphylaxis during the build-up phase of treatment. The early generation of blocking IgG antibodies seems to be one of the main reasons for the lower activation of effector cells. Long-term tolerance is reached after at least three years of venom immunotherapy. A decrease in basophil responsiveness correlates with tolerated sting challenge. Furthermore, the persistent decline in IgE levels and, by monitoring the cytokine profiles, a shift from a Th2 to Th1 immune response, can be observed. In addition, the generation of regulatory T and B cells has proven to be essential for inducing allergen tolerance. Most studies on the mechanisms and effectiveness data have been obtained during venom immunotherapy (VIT). Despite the high success rate of VIT, allergen tolerance may not persist for a prolonged time. There is not much known about immune mechanisms that assure long-term tolerance post-therapy.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Principles In Allergy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell H. Grayson ◽  
Peter Mustillo
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Therapeutic Principles ◽  
Anticytokine Therapy ◽  
Release Assay

The incidence of allergic diseases, like asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy, is increasing in Westernized countries. This chapter discusses the importance of taking a careful and focused history and physical examination, as well as the laboratory studies that can be used to demonstrate the presence of allergic sensitization. Treatment for allergic disease is discussed, with an emphasis on new biologic therapies that have been developed. Finally, the chapter explores relatively new studies on the potential for interventions to prevent food allergy.  Allergy is defined as an untoward physiologic event mediated by immune mechanisms, usually involving the interaction between an allergen and the allergic antibody, immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergic reactions typically occur due to exposure to either airborne allergens, foods, drugs, chemicals, or Hymenoptera (such as wasps, bees and fire ants). Allergies manifest in numerous ways, including allergic asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, eczema, and in its most severe form, anaphylaxis. This review contains 4 videos, 5 figures, 4 tables and 42 references Key Words: Delayed allergic reaction (Alpha-gal), Allergy diagnosis, Measurement of specific IgE, Allergy and asthma therapies, Anticytokine therapy (dupilumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab), AntiIgE therapy (omalizumab), Allergy skin testing, Basophil histamine release assay

Assessment of serum levels of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in different seasons and breeds in healthy horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Wilkołek ◽  
Z.J.H. Pomorski ◽  
M.P. Szczepanik ◽  
Ł. Adamek ◽  
M. Pluta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Storage Mites ◽  
Acarus Siro ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Domestic Mites

Abstract The present study was designed to asses specific IgE towards environment allergens in 42 healthy horses. Determination of this immunoglobulin in serum serve as diagnostic tools in allergic diseases to improve efficacy of the treatment and proper allergen selection to specific immunotherapy. Serum levels of allergen specific IgE were measured with equine monoclonal antibody, using 15 individual and 5 mix allergens in North European Panel. The study revealed season dependent increased levels of allergen specific IgE in normal horses. It is noteworthy that healthy horses show high percentage of positive reactions, most commonly towards to domestic mites D. farinae (80%), D. pteronyssinus (35.71%) and storage mites T. putrenscentiae (42.86%), Acarus siro (40.48%). These allergens play an important role in equine, canine and feline atopic dermatitis. We also demonstrated high IgE levels in the group of horse specific insect allergens. Tabanus sp. (35.71%), Culicoides sp. (28.57%) and Simulium sp. (26.19%) were the most frequent insect positive reaction allergens. No positive reactions in all groups of allergens were found in winter season, low and merely detectable levels of antibodies have been found relating to D. farianae and T. putrescentiae allergen. We observed elevated mould-IgE levels in horses that live in stables, while outdoor living horses showed very low levels. Amongst all positive reactions we observed only weak and moderate reactions but no strong positive reactions were found. No significant differences were observed between three breeds of horses with the exception of moulds and D. pteronyssinus allergens

THE HIGH-AFFINITY IMMUNOGLOBULIN E (IgE) RECEPTOR (FcεRI) MEDIATES IgE-DEPENDENT ALLERGEN PRESENTATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
Russell Hopp
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Ige Receptors ◽  
Response Target

Low numbers of monocytes with highaffinity IgE receptors and bound-specific IgE, attracted to the late-phase response target area (skin, nose, or lungs) may be a prime cell for the initiation of further Type I immediate and Type I late-phase responses (referred to as T cell mediated, delayed response, in this paper).

scholarly journals Serum IgE Predicts Difference of Population and Allergens in Allergic Diseases: Data from Weifang City, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhang Xu-De ◽  
Guo Bei-Bei ◽  
Wang Xi-Juan ◽  
Li Hai-Bo ◽  
Zhang Li-Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Serum Ige ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Artemisia Pollen

Background. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the most important promoter of allergic inflammation. However, there are few systematic studies on IgE in age range, genders, disease spectrum, and time regularity. Aim. To screen the common allergens, allergen spectrum, and IgE difference between type 2 inflammatory allergic diseases and other allergic diseases in Weifang, China. Methods. A retrospective study was performed by estimating patients’ clinical data suffering from allergic diseases (urticaria, pollinosis, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and bronchial asthma) between May 2019 and April 2020 using an allergen detection kit of Macro-Union Pharmaceutical. Results. 732 of the 1367 patients showed different antigen positive, and the positive rate was 53.5%. The most common allergens were dust mites, mixed fungi, Artemisia pollen, cat/dog dander, and cockroaches. There were 27.0% (369/1367) of the patients with single positive allergen-specific IgE (sIgE), 26.5% (363/1367) with multiple-positive IgE. The total immunoglobulin E (tIgE) levels varied with gender, age, and type of disease. There was a difference in the distribution of allergens between children and adults. A positive correlation between the serum-specific IgE and the corresponding local inhaled allergen density was observed. Conclusions. In this study, we found that type 2 inflammatory allergic diseases have higher serum IgE and a higher probability of inhaled sIgE positive. According to age, gender, and condition, serological IgE detection of allergens provides new insight into the early diagnosis and prevention of allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Measurement of IgE hypersensitivity among people attending the tertiary allergic center in Kirkuk, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Afan Ahmed ◽  
Faraidon Fathala ◽  
Diyar Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Males And Females

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is ordered as the least abundant, but in many regards, the most potent, of the enormous antibody classes found in the mammals. IgE mediates the reactions of type 1 hypersensitivity allergic. Generally, IgE plasma levels are very low with 100,000-fold than those of Immunoglobulin G. However, these levels could be obviously increased in specific conditions of allergy, such as bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, or in case of parasitic diseases like schistosomiasis. Additionally, plasma cells of IgE exist in mucosal areas. In particular, it exists in the respiratory tract, where the secreted IgE mediates reactions of allergic. In this work, the questionnaire was distributed to the study sample, which consisted of both males and females for detecting the numbers of cases of allergy types found at the tertiary allergic center in Kirkuk. The cases were diagnosed by blood tests to determine the amount of IgE in their blood samples. The total number of patients was 40; hence, there were 20 female patients and 20 males. These patients had different types of IgE mediated allergy disease. Most of these types were found in the adult. The results showed that both males and females were equal (each gender scored 20, representing 50% of the total sample). Most of the serum IgE test was negative. Finaly this study demonstrated the low frequency of allergic diseases in children and young people; however, this was high in old people whose ages ranged between 36 and 50 years. Most of the cases were allergic bronchitis and skin allergy.

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