scholarly journals Autophagy in Synucleinopathy: The Overwhelmed and Defective Machinery

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Laure Arotcarena ◽  
Margaux Teil ◽  
Benjamin Dehay
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Glial Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Common ◽  
Protein Toxicity

Alpha-synuclein positive-intracytoplasmic inclusions are the common denominators of the synucleinopathies present as Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. These neurodegenerative diseases also exhibit cellular dyshomeostasis, such as autophagy impairment. Several decades of research have questioned the potential link between the autophagy machinery and alpha-synuclein protein toxicity in synucleinopathy and neurodegenerative processes. Here, we aimed to discuss the active participation of autophagy impairment in alpha-synuclein accumulation and propagation, as well as alpha-synuclein-independent neurodegenerative processes in the field of synucleinopathy. Therapeutic approaches targeting the restoration of autophagy have started to emerge as relevant strategies to reverse pathological features in synucleinopathies.

scholarly journals Neurons and Glia Interplay in α-Synucleinopathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4994
Author(s):  
Panagiota Mavroeidi ◽  
Maria Xilouri
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Lewy Neurites ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Glial Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Glial Function ◽  
Presynaptic Protein

Accumulation of the neuronal presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein within proteinaceous inclusions represents the key histophathological hallmark of a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, referred to by the umbrella term a-synucleinopathies. Even though alpha-synuclein is expressed predominantly in neurons, pathological aggregates of the protein are also found in the glial cells of the brain. In Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, alpha-synuclein accumulates mainly in neurons forming the Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, whereas in multiple system atrophy, the protein aggregates mostly in the glial cytoplasmic inclusions within oligodendrocytes. In addition, astrogliosis and microgliosis are found in the synucleinopathy brains, whereas both astrocytes and microglia internalize alpha-synuclein and contribute to the spread of pathology. The mechanisms underlying the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein in glial cells that under physiological conditions express low to non-detectable levels of the protein are an area of intense research. Undoubtedly, the presence of aggregated alpha-synuclein can disrupt glial function in general and can contribute to neurodegeneration through numerous pathways. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of alpha-synuclein in both neurons and glia, highlighting the contribution of the neuron-glia connectome in the disease initiation and progression, which may represent potential therapeutic target for a-synucleinopathies.

scholarly journals Autophagy in α-Synucleinopathies—An Overstrained System

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3143
Author(s):  
Lisa Fellner ◽  
Elisa Gabassi ◽  
Johannes Haybaeck ◽  
Frank Edenhofer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Glial Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Inclusion Formation ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Disease Initiation

Alpha-synucleinopathies comprise progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). They all exhibit the same pathological hallmark, which is the formation of α-synuclein positive deposits in neuronal or glial cells. The aggregation of α-synuclein in the cell body of neurons, giving rise to the so-called Lewy bodies (LBs), is the major characteristic for PD and DLB, whereas the accumulation of α-synuclein in oligodendroglial cells, so-called glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), is the hallmark for MSA. The mechanisms involved in the intracytoplasmic inclusion formation in neuronal and oligodendroglial cells are not fully understood to date. A possible mechanism could be an impaired autophagic machinery that cannot cope with the high intracellular amount of α-synuclein. In fact, different studies showed that reduced autophagy is involved in α-synuclein aggregation. Furthermore, altered levels of different autophagy markers were reported in PD, DLB, and MSA brains. To date, the trigger point in disease initiation is not entirely clear; that is, whether autophagy dysfunction alone suffices to increase α-synuclein or whether α-synuclein is the pathogenic driver. In the current review, we discuss the involvement of defective autophagy machinery in the formation of α-synuclein aggregates, propagation of α-synuclein, and the resulting neurodegenerative processes in α-synucleinopathies.

ALPHA SYNUCLEIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
E Gómez-Tortosa ◽  
K L Newell ◽  
M C Irizarry ◽  
M Albert ◽  
J H Growdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Alpha Synuclein

[P1-243]: ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN SPECIES AS POTENTIAL CSF BIOMARKERS FOR DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_7) ◽  
pp. P338-P338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger van Steenoven ◽  
Nour K. Majbour ◽  
Nishant N. Vaikath ◽  
Henk W. Berendse ◽  
Wiesje M. van der Flier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Csf Biomarkers

scholarly journals Dementia With Lewy Bodies: the Principles of Diagnostics, Treatment, and Management

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūratė Macijauskienė ◽  
Vita Lesauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Protein Deposits ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

Dementia with Lewy bodies was first recognized as a separate entity about 30 years ago. The prevalence varies from 0% to 5% in the general population, and this disease accounts for 0% to 30.5% of all dementia cases. Dementia with Lewy bodies is considered the second most common cause of degenerative dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. The disease is characterized by alpha-synuclein immunoreactive protein deposits in both neurons and glial cells. The protein deposits are especially prominent in dopaminergic neurons, where they can be detected using conventional histological stains, such as hematoxylin and eosin, and are commonly referred to as Lewy bodies. The diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies is based on the presence of dementia as well as 2 of the following 3 core diagnostic features: 1) fluctuating cognition, 2) visual hallucinations, and 3) movement disorder. Diagnostic tests include laboratory data, structural and functional imaging, and electroencephalography. Differential diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies focuses on other later life dementia syndromes, other parkinsonian diseases (Parkinson’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration), and primary psychiatric illnesses. There is type 1b evidence to support treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors. Glutamatergic and dopaminergic therapies are used as well. Standard neuroleptics are contraindicated, and atypical agents should be used cautiously. Nonpharmacologic measures – therapeutic environment, psychological and social support, physical activity, behavioral management strategies, caregivers’ education and support, and different services – could be suggested.

Endosomal sorting related protein CHMP2B is localized in Lewy bodies and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in α-synucleinopathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 527 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Tanikawa ◽  
Fumiaki Mori ◽  
Kunikazu Tanji ◽  
Akiyoshi Kakita ◽  
Hitoshi Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Glial Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Endosomal Sorting

scholarly journals Slow Progressive Accumulation of Oligodendroglial Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) Pathology in Synthetic α-Syn Fibril-Induced Mouse Models of Synucleinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihito Uemura ◽  
Maiko T Uemura ◽  
Angela Lo ◽  
Fares Bassil ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Progressive Accumulation

Abstract Synucleinopathies are composed of Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) forms aggregates mainly in neurons in PD and DLB, while oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates are characteristic of MSA. Recent studies have demonstrated that injections of synthetic α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the brains of wild-type (WT) animals induce intraneuronal α-Syn aggregates and the subsequent interneuronal transmission of α-Syn aggregates. However, injections of α-Syn PFFs or even brain lysates of patients with MSA have not been reported to induce oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates, raising questions about the pathogenesis of oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates in MSA. Here, we report that WT mice injected with mouse α-Syn (m-α-Syn) PFFs develop neuronal α-Syn pathology after short postinjection (PI) intervals on the scale of weeks, while oligodendroglial α-Syn pathology emerges after longer PI intervals of several months. Abundant oligodendroglial α-Syn pathology in white matter at later time points is reminiscent of MSA. Furthermore, comparison between young and aged mice injected with m-α-Syn PFFs revealed that PI intervals rather than aging correlate with oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregation. These results provide novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregation in MSA.

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