scholarly journals Systematic Review of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Preclinical Studies of Anti-Cancer Drugs in Solid Tumors

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikatsu Koga ◽  
Atsushi Ochiai
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Patient Derived Xenograft ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Pdx Models

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are used as powerful tools for understanding cancer biology in PDX clinical trials and co-clinical trials. In this systematic review, we focus on PDX clinical trials or co-clinical trials for drug development in solid tumors and summarize the utility of PDX models in the development of anti-cancer drugs, as well as the challenges involved in this approach, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Recently, the assessment of drug efficacy by PDX clinical and co-clinical trials has become an important method. PDX clinical trials can be used for the development of anti-cancer drugs before clinical trials, with their efficacy assessed by the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST). A few dozen cases of PDX models have completed enrollment, and the efficacy of the drugs is assessed by 1 × 1 × 1 or 3 × 1 × 1 approaches in the PDX clinical trials. Furthermore, co-clinical trials can be used for personalized care or precision medicine with the evaluation of a new drug or a novel combination. Several PDX models from patients in clinical trials have been used to assess the efficacy of individual drugs or drug combinations in co-clinical trials.

scholarly journals Impact of Use of Gastric-Acid Suppressants and Oral Anti-Cancer Agents on Survival Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Indini ◽  
Fausto Petrelli ◽  
Gianluca Tomasello ◽  
Erika Rijavec ◽  
Antonio Facciorusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Oral Chemotherapy ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Anti Cancer

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the role of gastric acid suppressant use on outcomes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and oral chemotherapy. We identified all research evaluating the effect of GAS (gastric acid suppressants) use on patients receiving oral chemotherapy or TKIs for solid tumors. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated with a fixed-effects or a random effects model. The study population included n = 16 retrospective studies and 372,418 patients. The series concerned gastrointestinal tract tumors (n = 5 studies), renal cell carcinomas (RCC, n = 3 studies), non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC, n = 5 studies), and soft tissue sarcomas or mixed histologies solid tumors in n = 3 studies. The pooled HRs for OS and PFS were 1.31 (95%CI: 1.20–1.43; p < 0.01) and 1.3 (95%CI 1.07–1.57; p < 0.01) for GAS and no GAS users, respectively. Only studies of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutated NSCLC patients receiving TKIs and those with colorectal cancer receiving oral chemotherapy showed a significant correlation between GAS and poor survival. Our study supports the evidence of a possible negative impact of concomitant GAS therapy on survival outcomes of patients receiving oral anti-cancer drugs.

scholarly journals The Ambivalent Function of YAP in Apoptosis and Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianbin Zhang ◽  
Ahmed Abdelrahman ◽  
Brigitte Vollmar ◽  
Dietmar Zechner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Good Target ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Future

Yes-associated protein, a core regulator of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, plays a vital role in inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, several studies and reviews suggest that yes-associated protein is a good target for treating cancer. Unfortunately, more and more evidence demonstrates that this protein is also an essential contributor of p73-mediated apoptosis. This questions the concept that yes-associated protein is always a good target for developing novel anti-cancer drugs. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical relevance of yes-associated protein for cancer pathophysiology. This review also summarized the molecules, processes and drugs, which regulate Hippo-YAP signaling and discusses their effect on apoptosis. In addition, issues are defined, which should be addressed in the future in order to provide a solid basis for targeting the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway in clinical trials.

Changes in clinical trials of cancer drugs in mainland China over the decade 2009–18: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. e619-e626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Hui-Yao Huang ◽  
Da-Wei Wu ◽  
Zhi-Min Yang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Cancer Drugs

scholarly journals Anticancer Agents from Diverse Natural Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jabeena Khazir ◽  
Darren L. Riley ◽  
Lynne A. Pilcher ◽  
Pieter De-Maayer ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Mir
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Ancient Times

This review attempts to portray the discovery and development of anticancer agents/drugs from diverse natural sources. Natural molecules from these natural sources including plants, microbes and marine organisms have been the basis of treatment of human diseases since the ancient times. Compounds derived from nature have been important sources of new drugs and also serve as templates for synthetic modification. Many successful anti-cancer drugs currently in use are naturally derived or their analogues and many more are under clinical trials. This review aims to highlight the invaluable role that natural products have played, and continue to play, in the discovery of anticancer agents.

Strategies to Facilitate Access to High-Cost Anti-Cancer Drugs: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanthawat Patikorn ◽  
Rungpetch Sakulbumrungsil ◽  
Dennis Ross-Degnan ◽  
Suthira Taychakhoonavudh ◽  
Puree Anantachoti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Anti Cancer

Selecting optimal patient candidates to assess the clinical utility of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in advanced solid tumors.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22186-e22186
Author(s):  
Cathie T. Chung ◽  
Lawrence D. Piro ◽  
Daniel Lieber ◽  
Melani P. Shaum ◽  
Peter D. Boasberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Advanced Solid Tumors ◽  
Patient Derived Xenograft ◽  
Pdx Models

scholarly journals Kaempferol, Myricetin and Fisetin in Prostate and Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3750
Author(s):  
Felice Crocetto ◽  
Erika di Zazzo ◽  
Carlo Buonerba ◽  
Achille Aveta ◽  
Savio Domenico Pandolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prolonged Latency ◽  
Potential Use

Prostate and bladder cancer represent the two most frequently diagnosed genito-urinary malignancies. Diet has been implicated in both prostate and bladder cancer. Given their prolonged latency and high prevalence rates, both prostate and bladder cancer represent attractive candidates for dietary preventive measures, including the use of nutritional supplements. Flavonols, a class of flavonoids, are commonly found in fruit and vegetables and are known for their protective effect against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, a higher dietary intake of flavonols was associated with a lower risk of both bladder and prostate cancer in epidemiological studies. In this systematic review, we gathered all available evidence supporting the anti-cancer potential of selected flavonols (kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin) against bladder and prostate cancer. A total of 21, 15 and 7 pre-clinical articles on bladder or prostate cancer reporting on kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin, respectively, were found, while more limited evidence was available from animal models and epidemiological studies or clinical trials. In conclusion, the available evidence supports the potential use of these flavonols in prostate and bladder cancer, with a low expected toxicity, thus providing the rationale for clinical trials that explore dosing, settings for clinical use as well as their use in combination with other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

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