scholarly journals The Ribosome Biogenesis—Cancer Connection

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Penzo ◽  
Lorenzo Montanaro ◽  
Davide Treré ◽  
Massimo Derenzini
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Tumor Pathology ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nucleolar Function

Multifaceted relations link ribosome biogenesis to cancer. Ribosome biogenesis takes place in the nucleolus. Clarifying the mechanisms involved in this nucleolar function and its relationship with cell proliferation: 1) allowed the understanding of the reasons for the nucleolar changes in cancer cells and their exploitation in tumor pathology, 2) defined the importance of the inhibition of ribosome biogenesis in cancer chemotherapy and 3) focused the attention on alterations of ribosome biogenesis in the pathogenesis of cancer. This review summarizes the research milestones regarding these relevant relationships between ribosome biogenesis and cancer. The structure and function of the nucleolus will also be briefly described.

NOL6 promotes the proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer cells by regulating TWIST1 expression

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Liang ◽  
Wenjing Sun ◽  
Hui Song ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Qianqian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Tumor Xenograft ◽  
Twist1 Expression ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Aim: To investigate the role and function of NOL6, a protein related to ribosome biogenesis, in endometrial cancer. Methods: Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry apoptosis assay, transwell and wound healing assays were carried out for evaluating cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry, western blot and tumor xenograft assays were carried out for detecting the level of protein expression and tumor formation. Results: We demonstrated that NOL6 is overexpressed in endometrial cancer and promotes cell proliferation and migration while reducing apoptosis. NOL6 regulates the expression of TWIST1, which can restore the changes in cells caused by NOL6 knockdown. Conclusions: NOL6 can promote the proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer cells by regulating TWIST1 expression.

scholarly journals 40 YEARS OF IGF1: PAPP-A and cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. T1-T10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A Conover ◽  
Claus Oxvig
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Receptor ◽  
And Function

The zinc metalloproteinase, PAPP-A, enhances local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action through cleavage of inhibitory IGF-binding proteins, thereby increasing IGF available for IGF receptor-mediated cell proliferation, migration and survival. In many tumors, enhanced IGF receptor signaling is associated with tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. We will first discuss PAPP-A structure and function, and post-translational inhibitors of PAPP-A expression or proteolytic activity. We will then review the evidence supporting an important role for PAPP-A in many cancers, including breast, ovarian and lung cancer, and Ewing sarcoma.

scholarly journals Structure and Function of the Perinucleolar Compartment in Cancer Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (0) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Slusarczyk ◽  
R. Kamath ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
D. Anchel ◽  
C. Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Perinucleolar Compartment ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Tiptoeing to chromosome tips: facts, promises and perils of today's human telomere biology

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1420) ◽  
pp. 545-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fajkus ◽  
M. Šimíčková ◽  
J. Maláska
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Human Telomere ◽  
Telomere Biology ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
And Function

The past decade has witnessed an explosion of knowledge concerning the structure and function of chromosome terminal structures—telomeres. Today's telomere research has advanced from a pure descriptive approach of DNA and protein components to an elementary understanding of telomere metabolism, and now to promising applications in medicine. These applications include ‘passive’ ones, among which the use of analysis of telomeres and telomerase (a cellular reverse transcriptase that synthesizes telomeres) for cancer diagnostics is the best known. The ‘active’ applications involve targeted downregulation or upregulation of telomere synthesis, either to mortalize immortal cancer cells, or to rejuvenate mortal somatic cells and tissues for cellular transplantations, respectively. This article reviews the basic data on structure and function of human telomeres and telomerase, as well as both passive and active applications of human telomere biology.

scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles Impinge on Nucleoli and the Stress Response in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells

10.5772/62337 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kodiha ◽  
Hicham Mahboubi ◽  
Dusica Maysinger ◽  
Ursula Stochaj
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Gold Nanoflowers ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Function

Cancer cells can take up gold nanoparticles of different morphologies. These particles interact with the plasma membrane and often travel to intracellular organelles. Among organelles, the nucleus is especially susceptible to the damage that is inflicted by gold nanoparticles. Located inside the nucleus, nucleoli are specialized compartments that transcribe ribosomal RNA genes, produce ribosomes and function as cellular stress sensors. Nucleoli are particularly prone to gold nanoparticle-induced injury. As such, small spherical gold nanoparticles and gold nanoflowers interfere with the transcription of ribosomal DNA. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the effects of gold nanoparticles on nucleolar proteins that are critical to ribosome biogenesis and other cellular functions. We show that B23/nucleophosmin, a nucleolar protein that is tightly linked to cancer, is significantly affected by gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles impinge on the cellular stress response, as they reduce the abundance of the molecular chaperone hsp70 and O-GlcNAc modified proteins in the nucleus and nucleoli. Together, our studies set the stage for the development of nanomedicines that target the nucleolus to eradicate proliferating cancer cells.

scholarly journals Retinoic acid receptor α as a novel contributor to adrenal cortex structure and function through interactions with Wnt and Vegfa signalling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami M. El Zein ◽  
Audrey H. Soria ◽  
Jose Felipe Golib Dzib ◽  
Amanda J. Rickard ◽  
Fabio L. Fernandes-Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
And Function ◽  
Canonical Wnt

Abstract Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent form of secondary arterial hypertension. Mutations in different genes increase aldosterone production in PA, but additional mechanisms may contribute to increased cell proliferation and aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) development. We performed transcriptome analysis in APA and identified retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) signaling as a central molecular network involved in nodule formation. To understand how RARα modulates adrenal structure and function, we explored the adrenal phenotype of male and female Rarα knockout mice. Inactivation of Rarα in mice led to significant structural disorganization of the adrenal cortex in both sexes, with increased adrenal cortex size in female mice and increased cell proliferation in males. Abnormalities of vessel architecture and extracellular matrix were due to decreased Vegfa expression and modifications in extracellular matrix components. On the molecular level, Rarα inactivation leads to inhibition of non-canonical Wnt signaling, without affecting the canonical Wnt pathway nor PKA signaling. Our study suggests that Rarα contributes to the maintenance of normal adrenal cortex structure and cell proliferation, by modulating Wnt signaling. Dysregulation of this interaction may contribute to abnormal cell proliferation, creating a propitious environment for the emergence of specific driver mutations in PA.

scholarly journals A Non-Tumor Suppressor Role for Basal p19ARF in Maintaining Nucleolar Structure and Function

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1068-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Apicelli ◽  
Leonard B. Maggi ◽  
Angela C. Hirbe ◽  
Alexander P. Miceli ◽  
Mary E. Olanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Export ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nucleolar Structure ◽  
Wild Type Mefs ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT The nucleolus is the center of ribosome synthesis, with the nucleophosmin (NPM) and p19ARF proteins antagonizing one another to either promote or inhibit growth. However, basal NPM and ARF proteins form nucleolar complexes whose functions remain unknown. Nucleoli from Arf −/ − cells displayed increased nucleolar area, suggesting that basal ARF might regulate key nucleolar functions. Concordantly, ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis were dramatically elevated in the absence of Arf, causing these cells to exhibit tremendous gains in protein amounts and increases in cell volume. The transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the processing of nascent rRNA molecules, and the nuclear export of ribosomes were all increased in the absence of ARF. Similar results were obtained using targeted lentiviral RNA interference of ARF in wild-type MEFs. Postmitotic osteoclasts from Arf-null mice exhibited hyperactivity in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating a physiological function for basal ARF. Moreover, the knockdown of NPM blocked the increases in Arf −/− ribosome output and osteoclast activity, demonstrating that these gains require NPM. Thus, basal ARF proteins act as a monitor of steady-state ribosome biogenesis and growth independent of their ability to prevent unwarranted hyperproliferation.

scholarly journals Viscoelastic RNA entanglement and advective flow underlie nucleolar form and function

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A Riback ◽  
Jorine M Eeftens ◽  
Daniel S.W. Lee ◽  
Sofia A Quinodoz ◽  
Lien Beckers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Advective Flow ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Rrna Cleavage ◽  
And Function ◽  
Release Model ◽  
Nucleolar Function

The nucleolus facilitates transcription, processing, and assembly of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), the most abundant RNA in cells. Nucleolar function is facilitated by its multiphase liquid properties, but nucleolar fluidity and its connection to ribosome biogenesis remain unclear. Here, we used quantitative imaging, mathematical modeling, and pulse-chase nucleotide labelling to map nucleolar rRNA dynamics. Inconsistent with a purely diffusive process, rRNA steadily expands away from the transcriptional sites, moving in a slow (~1 Å/s), radially-directed fashion. This motion reflects the viscoelastic properties of a highly concentrated gel of entangled rRNA, whose constant polymerization drives steady outward flow. We propose a new viscoelastic rRNA release model, where nucleolar rRNA cleavage and processing reduce entanglement, fluidizing the nucleolar periphery to facilitate release of mature pre-ribosomal particles.

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