scholarly journals Preventive Effect of Spontaneous Physical Activity on the Gut-Adipose Tissue in a Mouse Model That Mimics Crohn’s Disease Susceptibility

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florie Maillard ◽  
Emilie Vazeille ◽  
Pierre Sauvanet ◽  
Pascal Sirvent ◽  
Richard Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Spontaneous Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Crohn’s disease is characterized by abnormal ileal colonization by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) and expansion of mesenteric adipose tissue. This study assessed the preventive effect of spontaneous physical activity (PA) on the gut-adipose tissue in a mouse model that mimics Crohn’s disease susceptibility. Thirty-five CEABAC10 male mice performed spontaneous PA (wheel group; n = 24) or not (controls; n = 11) for 12 weeks. At week 12, mice were orally challenged with the AIEC LF82 strain for 6 days. Body composition, glycaemic control, intestinal permeability, gut microbiota composition, and fecal short-chain fatty acids were assessed in both groups. Animals were fed a high fat/high sugar diet throughout the study. After exposure to AIEC, mesenteric adipose tissue weight was lower in the wheel group. Tight junction proteins expression increased with spontaneous PA, whereas systemic lipopolysaccharides were negatively correlated with the covered distance. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus decreased in controls, whereas Oscillospira and Ruminococcus increased in the wheel group. Fecal propionate and butyrate were also higher in the wheel group. In conclusion, spontaneous physical activity promotes healthy gut microbiota composition changes and increases short-chain fatty acids in CEABAC10 mice fed a Western diet and exposed to AIEC to mimic Crohn’s disease.

Su1988 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT OF RESOLVED HUMAN CMV INFECTION AND NK RECEPTOR GENETICS IN PEDIATRIC CROHN'S DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND PHENOTYPE.

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-735
Author(s):  
Terri Shih ◽  
Susy Yusung ◽  
Dalin Li ◽  
Rivkah Gonsky ◽  
Gregory J. Botwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Human Cmv ◽  
Nk Receptor

scholarly journals Role of Probiotics and Their Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Toumi Ryma ◽  
Arezki Samer ◽  
Imene Soufli ◽  
Hayet Rafa ◽  
Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to describe a group of complex disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBDs include two main forms: Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), which share similar clinical symptoms but differ in the anatomical distribution of the inflammatory lesions. The etiology of IBDs is undetermined. Several hypotheses suggest that Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis result from an abnormal immune response against endogenous flora and luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. While there is no cure for IBDs, most common treatments (medication and surgery) aim to reduce inflammation and help patients to achieve remission. There is growing evidence and focus on the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of probiotics in IBDs. Probiotics are live microorganisms that regulate the mucosal immune system, the gut microbiota and the production of active metabolites such as Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). This review will focus on the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the immunopathogenesis of IBDs and understanding the health-promoting effects of probiotics and their metabolites.

Diving into inflammation: a pilot study exploring the dynamics of the immune-microbiota axis in ileal tissue layers of patients with Crohn’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Russo ◽  
Francesco Giudici ◽  
Federica Ricci ◽  
Stefano Scaringi ◽  
Giulia Nannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Response Distribution ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Ileal Tissue

Abstract Background and aims Crohn’s Disease (CD) pathogenesis is still unclear. Disorders in the mucosal immunoregulation and its crosstalk with the microbiota may represent an important component in tissue injury. We aimed to characterize the molecular immune response distribution within the ileal layers and to evaluate the correlated microbiota in pathological/healthy settings comparing first surgery/relapse clinical conditions. Methods We enrolled 12 CD patients. A comprehensive analysis of ileal mucosa, submucosa and serosa broad-spectrum cytokines’ panel was performed through a multiplex approach. In addition, ileal microbiota composition was assessed through Next Generation Sequencing. Results We observed a distinct profile (of IL1-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, ICAM-1, E-Selectin, P-Selectin, IP-10, IL 6, and IL 18) across the CD vs healthy ileal layers; and a different distribution of IFN-γ, P-Selectin, IL-27 and IL-21 in first surgery vs relapse patients. In addition, the phylum Tenericutes, the family of Ruminococcaceae, and the genus Mesoplasma and Mycoplasma were significantly enriched in pathological setting. Significant microbiota differences were observed between relapse vs first surgery patients regarding the class Bacteroidia, the genus of Prevotella, Flavobacterium, Tepidimonas and Escherichia/Shigella. Finally, the abundance of the genus Mycoplasma was positively correlated with IL-18. Conclusions We describe a dissimilarity of cytokines’ distribution and microbiota composition within the CD and the adjacent healthy ileal tissue layers and between first operation and surgical relapse. Our results give a potential insight into the dynamics of the gut microbiota-immune axis in CD patients, leading to new biomarkers’ detection.

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