scholarly journals Impact of the Main Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Plasma Extracellular Vesicles and Their Influence on the Heart’s Vulnerability to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3331
Author(s):  
Miłosz Majka ◽  
Marcin Kleibert ◽  
Małgorzata Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

The majority of cardiovascular deaths are associated with acute coronary syndrome, especially ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Therapeutic reperfusion alone can contribute up to 40 percent of total infarct size following coronary artery occlusion, which is called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Its size depends on many factors, including the main risk factors of cardiovascular mortality, such as age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, and total cholesterol level as well as obesity, diabetes, and physical effort. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated particles released by every type of cell, which can carry content that affects the functioning of other tissues. Their role is essential in the communication between healthy and dysfunctional cells. In this article, data on the variability of the content of EVs in patients with the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors is presented, and their influence on IRI is discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of hyperoxia and cardiovascular risk factors on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: a randomized, sham and placebo controlled parallel study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Acheampong ◽  
C Melot ◽  
M Benjelloun ◽  
M Cheval ◽  
F Reye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hypertensive Rats

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Fonds Erasme Recent studies on O2 supplementation in acute coronary syndrome patients are equivocal. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress (OS) is increased in rodents with cardiovascular risk factors and enhances ischemia reperfusion injury in the presence of hyperoxia. Forty-three Wistar rats (WR), 30 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and 33 obese Zucker rats (ZR) were randomized in a sham procedure (1/3rd) or a left anterior descending ligation for 60 minutes (2/3rd). This was followed by 3 hours of reperfusion while animals were randomised either in a hyperoxic (HR) or a normoxic reperfusion group (NR). Baseline troponin (cTnT) was larger in SHR and ZR than WR (both p < 0.001). HR was associated with a lesser troponin rise in SHR and ZR than in NR (both p < 0.001); while the reverse occurred in WR (p < 0.001). In SHR, HR limited total MPO (myeloperoxydase) increase as compared to NR (p = 0.0056) to the contrary of total MPO in WR (p = 0.013). NR was associated with a drastic reduction of total thiols as compared to HR both in SHR and in ZR (both p < 0.001). Despite a heightened baseline OS, HR rather restrained myocardial necrosis and anti/pro-oxidant imbalance in SHR and ZR, to the reverse of healthy WR. Baseline characteristics of the 3 strainWR¹ (n = 41)SHR² (n = 29)ZR³ (n = 33)Age (months)9.0 (7.0 - 10.0)6.0 (6.0 - 8.3) ¹ vs 27.0 (6.0 - 8.0) 1 vs 3, 2 vs 3Weight (mg)590 (553 - 646)436 (419 - 485) ¹ vs 2670 (622 - 716) 2 vs 3Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg)146 (120 - 174)165 (120 - 197)188 (169 - 215) 1 vs 3Heart rate (beat/minute)284 (268 - 310) ¹ vs 2244 (216 - 270)254 (230 - 288) 1 vs 3Troponin T (ng/l)13 (9 - 20)42 (33 - 60) 1vs233 (23 - 53) 2vs3Triglyceride (mg/dl)/87 (64 - 110)1062 (683 - 2459) 2vs3MDA (nmoles)0.10 (0.04)0.09 (0.06)0.14 (0.10) 2vs3Total MPO (ng/ml)2889.7 (932.1)2684.0 (681.7)4479.7 (728.0) 1vs3,2vs3Free total thiols (µM)222.6 (213.9 - 240.5)40.2 (5.3 - 60.2) 1vs282.3 (17.5 - 235.7) 2vs3Abbreviations WR: Wistar rats. SHR: Spontaneous Hypertensive rats. ZR Zucker rats.Both paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used. Variables are shown in means with standard deviation (mean (SD)) or in median (interquartile range. IQR). Pairwise test – p < 0.05; 1vs2: WR vs SHR. 1vs3: WR vs ZR. 2vs3: SHR vs ZR.WR were older than the SHR and ZR. ZR were older than SHR. The ZRs were more obese than SHR and more hypertensive than WR. Baseline Troponin T was larger in SHR than ZR and WR. ZR had higher level of triglyceride than SHR. Total MPO was more elevated in ZR than SHR and WR. Oxidative stress was enhanced in ZR than SHR (higher MDA. more elevated total MPO) and total thiols were the lowest in the SHR.Abstract Figure. Troponin T concentration evolution slope

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles from patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome impact on ischemia-reperfusion injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 105715
Author(s):  
Fabrizio D’Ascenzo ◽  
Saveria Femminò ◽  
Francesco Ravera ◽  
Filippo Angelini ◽  
Andrea Caccioppo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Coronary Syndrome
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