scholarly journals MNase Digestion Protection Patterns of the Linker DNA in Chromatosomes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Chang-Hui Shen ◽  
James Allan
Keyword(s):  
Globin Gene ◽  
Linker Histone ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Core Particle ◽  
Linker Histones ◽  
Dna Accessibility ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mnase Digestion ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Nucleosomal Structure

The compact nucleosomal structure limits DNA accessibility and regulates DNA-dependent cellular activities. Linker histones bind to nucleosomes and compact nucleosomal arrays into a higher-order chromatin structure. Recent developments in high throughput technologies and structural computational studies provide nucleosome positioning at a high resolution and contribute to the information of linker histone location within a chromatosome. However, the precise linker histone location within the chromatin fibre remains unclear. Using monomer extension, we mapped core particle and chromatosomal positions over a core histone-reconstituted, 1.5 kb stretch of DNA from the chicken adult β-globin gene, after titration with linker histones and linker histone globular domains. Our results show that, although linker histone globular domains and linker histones display a wide variation in their binding affinity for different positioned nucleosomes, they do not alter nucleosome positions or generate new nucleosome positions. Furthermore, the extra ~20 bp of DNA protected in a chromatosome is usually symmetrically distributed at each end of the core particle, suggesting linker histones or linker histone globular domains are located close to the nucleosomal dyad axis.

Chromatin structures condensed by linker histones

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Rui Zhou ◽  
Yawen Bai
Keyword(s):  
Structural Unit ◽  
Linker Histone ◽  
Histone H2a ◽  
Linker Histones ◽  
The Core ◽  
High Order Chromatin Structure ◽  
Core Histones ◽  
Order Structures ◽  
Made In

Abstract In eukaryotic cells, genomic DNA exists in the form of chromatin through association with histone proteins, which consist of four core histone (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) families and one linker histone (H1) family. The core histones bind to DNA to form the nucleosome, the recurring structural unit of chromatin. The linker histone binds to the nucleosome to form the next structural unit of chromatin, the chromatosome, which occurs dominantly in metazoans. Linker histones also play an essential role in condensing chromatin to form higher order structures. Unlike the core histones in the formation of the nucleosome, the role of linker histone in the formation of the chromatosome and high-order chromatin structure is not well understood. Nevertheless, exciting progress in the structural studies of chromatosomes and nucleosome arrays condensed by linker histones has been made in the last several years. In this mini-review, we discuss these recent experimental results and provide some perspectives for future studies.

The Primacy of Experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Andrea Schiavio
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Flexible Systems ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Learning Contexts ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Event Based

This chapter explores a possible alternative to traditional “paper-and-pencil” assessment practices in music classes. It argues that an approach based on phenomenological philosophy and inspired by recent developments in cognitive science may shed new light on learning and help educators reconsider grading systems accordingly. After individuating the core issue in an unresolved tension between subjective-objective methodologies relevant to certain learning contexts, the chapter proposes a possible remedy by appealing to three principles central to “embodied” approaches to cognition. Such principles may help educators reframe cognitive phenomena (learning described as a measurable event based on “information processing”) in terms of cognitive ecosystems (learning understood as a negotiating and transformative activity codetermined by diverse embodied and ecological factors connected in recurrent fashion). Accommodating this shift implies transforming assessment practices into more open and flexible systems that take seriously the challenge of cooperative learning and phenomenological reflections.

scholarly journals CASTING THE LIGHT OF THE THEORY OF OPPOSITION ONTO HOHFELD'S FUNDAMENTAL LEGAL CONCEPTS

Legal Theory ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
João Alberto de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Cristine Griffo ◽  
João Paulo A. Almeida ◽  
Giancarlo Guizzardi ◽  
Marcio Iorio Aranha
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Law ◽  
Opposition Theory ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Number Of Authors

Abstract At the core of Hohfeld's contribution to legal theory is a conceptual framework for the analysis of the legal positions occupied by agents in intersubjective legal relations. Hohfeld presented a system of eight “fundamental” concepts relying on notions of opposition and correlation. Throughout the years, a number of authors have followed Hohfeld in applying the notion of opposition to analyze legal concepts. Many of these authors have accounted for Hohfeld's theory in direct analogy with the standard deontic hexagon. This paper reviews some of these accounts and extends them employing recent developments from opposition theory. In particular, we are able to extend application of opposition theory to an open conception of the law. We also account for the implications of abandoning the assumption of conflict-freedom and admitting seemingly conflicting legal positions. This enables a fuller analysis of Hohfeld's conceptual analytical framework. We also offer a novel analysis of Hohfeld's power positions.

scholarly journals Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray Analysis of the Core Particle of Bluetongue Virus

Virology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Burroughs ◽  
J.M. Grimes ◽  
P.P.C. Mertens ◽  
D.I. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Core Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Core

scholarly journals Rapid replacement of somatic linker histones with the oocyte-specific linker histone H1foo in nuclear transfer

2004 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahide Teranishi ◽  
Mamoru Tanaka ◽  
Shingo Kimoto ◽  
Yukiko Ono ◽  
Kei Miyakoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Linker Histone ◽  
Linker Histones ◽  
Rapid Replacement

Helical repeat of DNA in the nucleosome core particle

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Negri ◽  
M. Buttinelli ◽  
G. Panetta ◽  
V. De Arcangelis ◽  
E. Di Mauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Linker Histone ◽  
Core Particle ◽  
Nucleosome Core Particle ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Nucleosome Core ◽  
Nucleosome Core Particles ◽  
High Affinity Site ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical Cleavage ◽  
Radical Cleavage

Although the crystal structure of nucleosome core particle is essentially symmetrical in the vicinity of the dyad, the linker histone binds asymmetrically in this region to select a single high-affinity site from potentially two equivalent sites. To try to resolve this apparent paradox we mapped to base-pair resolution the dyads and rotational settings of nucleosome core particles reassembled on synthetic tandemly repeating 20 bp DNA sequences. In agreement with previous observations, we observed (1) that the helical repeat on each side of the dyad cluster is 10 bp maintaining register with the sequence repeat and (2) that this register changes by 2 bp in the vicinity of the dyad. The additional 2 bp required to effect the change in the rotational settings is accommodated by an adjustment immediately adjacent to the dyad. At the dyad the hydroxyl radical cleavage is asymmetric and we suggest that the inferred structural asymmetry could direct the binding of the linker histone to a single preferred site.

Influence of Lysozyme on the Biomimetic Growth of Silica Tubes in Porous Membranes

2007 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémentine Gautier ◽  
Rémi Courson ◽  
Pascal Jean Lopez ◽  
Jacques Livage ◽  
Thibaud Coradin
Keyword(s):  
Porous Membranes ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Core Particle ◽  
Biomimetic Models ◽  
Membrane Pores ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Shell Structure ◽  
Poly Carbonate ◽  
Tube Shell

AbstractPore channels of poly-carbonate membranes were recently used as biomimetic models to study the effect of confinement on silicate condensation, leading to the formation of silica tubes exhibiting a core-shell structure. In this work, we pre-immobilized lysozyme on the membrane pores, inducing the modification of the tube shell formation process, and variation in core particle size. These data strengthen previous assumptions on the role of interfacial interactions on the growth of the tube shell and indicate that such interactions also influence the core particle formation. Such approach therefore seems suitable to mimic the formation of silica/protein multilayers as found in several biomineralizing organisms

Dynamic calculations of the core/shell structured Ising-type endohedral fullerenes: The effect of core and core/shell interaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (33) ◽  
pp. 1750307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin Kantar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Stochastic Dynamics ◽  
Mean Field Theory ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Core Particle ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Core ◽  
First Order Phase

In this study, we examine by comparing the dynamic magnetic and hysteretic properties of Ising-type endohedral fullerene (EF) with various dopant magnetic particles confined within a spherical cage. The model of EF X@C[Formula: see text] with X = spin-1/2, spin-1 and spin-3/2 is proposed to study the effect of the nature of core particle on the magnetic properties. The results were obtained by mean-field theory as well as Glauber-type stochastic dynamics, and focused on the response of thermal and hysteretic behaviors of systems. The system exhibits second- and first-order phase transitions. In three different core cases, the system also exhibits type-II superconductivity behavior with a dynamic hysteresis curves of the core. All results display magnetic properties of the EF which strongly depend on the nature of core particle. Moreover, core particle and core/shell (C–S) interaction are proposed as the basic factors affecting the magnetic properties of EF system.

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