scholarly journals Electroconvulsive Shock, but Not Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transiently Elevates Cell Proliferation in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2090
Author(s):  
Tian Rui Zhang ◽  
Evelyn Guilherme ◽  
Aydan Kesici ◽  
Alyssa M. Ash ◽  
Fidel Vila-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Electroconvulsive Shock ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Neuronal Precursor Cells

Hippocampal plasticity is hypothesized to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of depression and the antidepressant effect of medications. One form of plasticity that is unique to the hippocampus and is involved in depression-related behaviors in animal models is adult neurogenesis. While chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) strongly promotes neurogenesis, less is known about its acute effects and little is known about the neurogenic effects of other forms of stimulation therapy, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Here, we investigated the time course of acute ECS and rTMS effects on markers of cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Mice were subjected to a single session of ECS, 10 Hz rTMS (10–rTMS), or intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Mice in both TMS groups were injected with BrdU 2 days before stimulation to label immature cells. One, 3, or 7 days later, hippocampi were collected and immunostained for BrdU + cells, actively proliferating PCNA + cells, and immature DCX + neurons. Following ECS, mice displayed a transient increase in cell proliferation at 3 days post-stimulation. At 7 days post–stimulation there was an elevation in the number of proliferating neuronal precursor cells (PCNA + DCX +), specifically in the ventral hippocampus. iTBS and rTMS did not alter the number of BrdU + cells, proliferating cells, or immature neurons at any of the post-stimulation time points. Our results suggest that neurostimulation treatments exert different effects on hippocampal neurogenesis, where ECS may have greater neurogenic potential than iTBS and 10–rTMS.

Neurobiological mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in depression: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (16) ◽  
pp. 3411-3432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Noda ◽  
W. K. Silverstein ◽  
M. S. Barr ◽  
F. Vila-Rodriguez ◽  
J. Downar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Promising Alternative

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses worldwide and a leading cause of disability, especially in the setting of treatment resistance. In recent years, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising alternative strategy for treatment-resistant depression and its clinical efficacy has been investigated intensively across the world. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of the antidepressant effect of rTMS are still not fully understood. This review aims to systematically synthesize the literature on the neurobiological mechanisms of treatment response to rTMS in patients with depression. Medline (1996–2014), Embase (1980–2014) and PsycINFO (1806–2014) were searched under set terms. Three authors reviewed each article and came to consensus on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All eligible studies were reviewed, duplicates were removed, and data were extracted individually. Of 1647 articles identified, 66 studies met both inclusion and exclusion criteria. rTMS affects various biological factors that can be measured by current biological techniques. Although a number of studies have explored the neurobiological mechanisms of rTMS, a large variety of rTMS protocols and parameters limits the ability to synthesize these findings into a coherent understanding. However, a convergence of findings suggest that rTMS exerts its therapeutic effects by altering levels of various neurochemicals, electrophysiology as well as blood flow and activity in the brain in a frequency-dependent manner. More research is needed to delineate the neurobiological mechanisms of the antidepressant effect of rTMS. The incorporation of biological assessments into future rTMS clinical trials will help in this regard.

scholarly journals Antidepressant effects of augmentative transcranial magnetic stimulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Herwig ◽  
Andreas J. Fallgatter ◽  
Jacqueline Höppner ◽  
Gerhard W. Eschweiler ◽  
Martina Kron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a new treatment option for depression. Previous studies were performed with low sample sizes in single centres and reported heterogeneous results.AimsTo investigate the efficacy of rTMS as augmentative treatment in depression.MethodIn a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled multicentre trial 127 patients with moderate to severe depressive episodes were randomly assigned to real or sham stimulation for 3 weeks in addition to simultaneously initiated antidepressant medication.ResultsWe found no difference in the responder rates of the real and the sham treatment groups (31% in each) or in the decrease of the scores on the depression rating scales.ConclusionsThe data do not support previous reports from smaller samples indicating an augmenting or accelerating antidepressant effect of rTMS. Further exploration of the possible efficacy of other stimulation protocols or within selected sub-populations of patients is necessary.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation does not potentiate antidepressant treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 382-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Poulet ◽  
J. Brunelin ◽  
C. Boeuve ◽  
J. Lerond ◽  
T. D’Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pharmacological Medication

AbstractIn a double blind controlled study, rTMS results in a similar antidepressant effect to sham in combination with paroxetine. Both groups had the same delay in scale’s scores improvement. rTMS seems not to be efficient as an add-on treatment to pharmacological medication in non-resistant major depression.

Induction of mania by rTMS: report of two cases

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlos Sakkas ◽  
Panajiota Mihalopoulou ◽  
Polyxeni Mourtzouhou ◽  
Costas Psarros ◽  
Vassilios Masdrakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Manic Symptoms

AbstractThere is some evidence that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be effective in treating depression. Using an intensive methodology of rTMS in two drug-resistant patients, we observed a good antidepressant effect, but also, induction of manic symptoms.

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