scholarly journals High-Density EEG in a Charles Bonnet Syndrome Patient during and without Visual Hallucinations: A Case-Report Study

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1991
Author(s):  
Andrea Piarulli ◽  
Jitka Annen ◽  
Ron Kupers ◽  
Steven Laureys ◽  
Charlotte Martial
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Resting State ◽  
High Density ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Signal Diversity ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
Cortical Regions

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a rare clinical condition characterized by complex visual hallucinations in people with loss of vision. So far, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the hallucinations remain elusive. This case-report study aims at investigating electrical activity changes in a CBS patient during visual hallucinations, as compared to a resting-state period (without hallucinations). Prior to the EEG, the patient underwent neuropsychological, ophthalmologic, and neurological examinations. Spectral and connectivity, graph analyses and signal diversity were applied to high-density EEG data. Visual hallucinations (as compared to resting-state) were characterized by a significant reduction of power in the frontal areas, paralleled by an increase in the midline posterior regions in delta and theta bands and by an increase of alpha power in the occipital and midline posterior regions. We next observed a reduction of theta connectivity in the frontal and right posterior areas, which at a network level was complemented by a disruption of small-worldness (lower local and global efficiency) and by an increase of network modularity. Finally, we found a higher signal complexity especially when considering the frontal areas in the alpha band. The emergence of hallucinations may stem from these changes in the visual cortex and in core cortical regions encompassing both the default mode and the fronto-parietal attentional networks.

scholarly journals Atypical Electrophysiological Indices of Eyes-Open and Eyes-Closed Resting-State in Children and Adolescents with ADHD and Autism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Alessio Bellato ◽  
Iti Arora ◽  
Puja Kochhar ◽  
Chris Hollis ◽  
Madeleine J. Groom
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Difference

Investigating electrophysiological measures during resting-state might be useful to investigate brain functioning and responsivity in individuals under diagnostic assessment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. EEG was recorded in 43 children with or without ADHD and autism, during a 4-min-long resting-state session which included an eyes-closed and an eyes-open condition. We calculated and analyzed occipital absolute and relative spectral power in the alpha frequency band (8–12 Hz), and alpha reactivity, conceptualized as the difference in alpha power between eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions. Alpha power was increased during eyes-closed compared to eyes-open resting-state. While absolute alpha power was reduced in children with autism, relative alpha power was reduced in children with ADHD, especially during the eyes-closed condition. Reduced relative alpha reactivity was mainly associated with lower IQ and not with ADHD or autism. Atypical brain functioning during resting-state seems differently associated with ADHD and autism, however further studies replicating these results are needed; we therefore suggest involving research groups worldwide by creating a shared and publicly available repository of resting-state EEG data collected in people with different psychological, psychiatric, or neurodevelopmental conditions, including ADHD and autism.

Visual Hallucinations in Elderly People: Early Dementia, Psychosis or Charles Bonnet Syndrome? Review and Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S650-S650
Author(s):  
M. García Moreno ◽  
A. De Cos Milas ◽  
B. Poza Cano ◽  
L. Beatobe Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome

IntroductionCharles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is an uncommon disease that involves visual hallucinations in visually impaired individuals, in absence of cognitive impairment or psychiatric illness, although some authors propose CBS as an early maker of dementia.ObjectivesShow the importance of differential diagnosis in individuals with presence of visual hallucinations, with distinction of CBS from others psychiatric or organic disorders such as hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations, epileptic phenomenon, Parkinson disease, dementia, delirum tremens or late-onset psychosis.MethodsLiterature review about visual hallucinations in people with psychiatric illness, dementia or in absence of these status, followed by a case report of a patient who met criteria for CBS.ResultsEighty one-years-old female with no previous psychiatric illness, experience suddenly visual hallucinations (animals, insects) with secondary anxiety, fear and insomnia as well as disruptive behaviour (throw lye to kill the animals) and delusional interpretations of the hallucinations considering them as a divine proof. Clinical exam, neuroimaging tests and SPECT confirmed just a minimal cognitive impairment nor suggestive of dementia. She had personal history of cataracts and macular degeneration, with no other medical condition. Olanzapine was prescribed but it was withdrew because of adverse effects. Later, haloperidol was introduced with well tolerance and symptom's recovery ad integrum.ConclusionsCharles Bonnet syndrome is a rare condition that may sometimes be the beginning of a dementia. Medical evaluation and complementary tests help differential diagnosis in order to reject others psychiatric/somatic disorders. Neuroleptic and anti-epileptic treatment should be useful to control symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals EEG Signal Complexity Is Reduced During Resting-State in Fragile X Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélodie Proteau-Lemieux ◽  
Inga Sophia Knoth ◽  
Kristian Agbogba ◽  
Valérie Côté ◽  
Hazel Maridith Barlahan Biag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Cortical Hyperexcitability ◽  
Signal Complexity

Introduction: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1). FXS is associated with neurophysiological abnormalities, including cortical hyperexcitability. Alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) resting-state power spectral density (PSD) are well-defined in FXS and were found to be linked to neurodevelopmental delays. Whether non-linear dynamics of the brain signal are also altered remains to be studied.Methods: In this study, resting-state EEG power, including alpha peak frequency (APF) and theta/beta ratio (TBR), as well as signal complexity using multi-scale entropy (MSE) were compared between 26 FXS participants (ages 5–28 years), and 7 neurotypical (NT) controls with a similar age distribution. Subsequently a replication study was carried out, comparing our cohort to 19 FXS participants independently recorded at a different site.Results: PSD results confirmed the increased gamma, decreased alpha power and APF in FXS participants compared to NT controls. No alterations in TBR were found. Importantly, results revealed reduced signal complexity in FXS participants, specifically in higher scales, suggesting that altered signal complexity is sensitive to brain alterations in this population. The replication study mostly confirmed these results and suggested critical points of stagnation in the neurodevelopmental curve of FXS.Conclusion: Signal complexity is a powerful feature that can be added to the electrophysiological biomarkers of brain maturation in FXS.

FDG-PET Scanning Shows Distributed Changes in Cortical Activity Associated with Visual Hallucinations in Eye Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lütfü Hanoglu ◽  
Sultan Yildiz ◽  
Tansel Cakir ◽  
Taha Hanoglu ◽  
Burak Yulug
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome ◽  
Pet Scanning ◽  
Inferior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Visual Deafferentation

Background and Objective: Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) has been defined as complex visual hallucinations (CVH) due to visual loss. The underlying mechanism of CBS is not clear and the underlying pathophysiology of the visual hallucinations in CBS patients and pure visually impaired patients is still not clear. </P><P> Methods: In our study, we have scanned three patients with eye disease and CBS (VH+) and three patients with eye disease without CBS (VH-) using FDG-PET. Results: Our results showed underactivity in the pons and overactivity in primary right left visual cortex and inferior parietal cortex in VH- patients and underactivity in left Broca, left inf frontal primary visual cortex and anterior and posterior cingulate cortex in VH+ patients relative to the normative 18FFDG PET data that was taken from the database consisting of 50 age-matched healthy adults without neuropsychiatric disorders. Conclusion: From this distributed pattern of activity changes, we conclude that the generation of visual hallucination in CBS is associated with bottom-up and top-down mechanism rather than the generally accepted visual deafferentation-related hyperexcitability theory.

Voltage-gated potassium channel limbic encephalitis presenting as functional cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e233179
Author(s):  
Eric Garrels ◽  
Fawziya Huq ◽  
Gavin McKay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Impaired Cognition

Limbic encephalitis is often reported to present as seizures and impaired cognition with little focus on psychiatric presentations. In this case report, we present a 49-year-old man who initially presented to the Psychiatric Liaison Service with a several month history of confusion with the additional emergence of visual hallucinations and delusions. Due to the inconsistent nature of the symptoms in the context of a major financial stressor, a provisional functional cognitive impairment diagnosis was made. Investigations later revealed a positive titre of voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) antibodies, subtype leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 accounting for his symptoms which dramatically resolved with steroids and immunoglobulins. This case highlighted the need for maintaining broad differential diagnoses in a patient presenting with unusual psychiatric symptoms.

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