scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone: Different Mycotoxins with Different Toxic Effects in the Sertoli Cells of Equus asinus

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1898
Author(s):  
Jun-Lin Song ◽  
Guo-Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Type B ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) are type B trichothecene mycotoxins that exert serious toxic effects on the reproduction of domestic animals. However, there is little information about the toxicity of mycotoxins on testis development in Equus asinus. This study investigated the biological effects of DON and ZEA exposure on Sertoli cells (SCs) of Equus asinus; (2) Methods: We administered 10 μM and 30 μM DON and ZEA to cells cultured in vitro; (3) Results: The results showed that 10 μM DON exposure remarkably changed pyroptosis-associated genes and that 30 μM ZEA exposure changed inflammation-associated genes in SCs. The mRNA expression of cancer-promoting genes was remarkably upregulated in the cells exposed to DON or 30 μM ZEA; in particular, DON and ZEA remarkably disturbed the expression of androgen and oestrogen secretion-related genes. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses verified the different expression patterns of related genes in DON- and ZEA-exposed SCs; (4) Conclusions: Collectively, these results illustrated the impact of exposure to different toxins and concrete toxicity on the mRNA expression of SCs from Equus asinus in vitro.

Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as an In Vivo Tool to Study the Biological Effects of Proton Irradiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro Nakajima ◽  
TianXiang Gao ◽  
Kazuhiko Kume ◽  
Hiromitsu Iwata ◽  
Shuichi Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Proton Irradiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiation Type

The clinical superiority of proton therapy over photon therapy has recently gained recognition; however, the biological effects of proton therapy remain poorly understood. The lack of in vivo evidence is especially important. Therefore, the goal of this study was to validate the usefulness of Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative tool in proton radiobiology. To determine whether the comparative biological effects of protons and X rays are detectable in Drosophila, we assessed their influence on survival and mRNA expression. Postirradiation observation revealed that protons inhibited their development and reduced the overall survival rates more effectively than X rays. The relative biological effectiveness of the proton beams compared to the X rays estimated from the 50% lethal doses was 1.31. At 2 or 24 h postirradiation, mRNA expression analysis demonstrated that the expression patterns of several genes (such as DNA-repair-, apoptosis- and angiogenesis-related genes) followed different time courses depending on radiation type. Moreover, our trials suggested that the knockdown of individual genes by the GAL4/UAS system changes the radiosensitivity in a radiation type-specific manner. We confirmed this Drosophila model to be considerably useful to evaluate the findings from in vitro studies in an in vivo system. Furthermore, this model has a potential to elucidate more complex biological mechanisms underlying proton irradiation.

The Predominant microRNAs in β-cell Clusters for Insulin Regulation and Diabetic Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 722-734
Author(s):  
Adele Soltani ◽  
Arefeh Jafarian ◽  
Abdolamir Allameh
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Mirna Expression Profiles ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
The Impact

micro (mi)-RNAs are vital regulators of multiple processes including insulin signaling pathways and glucose metabolism. Pancreatic β-cells function is dependent on some miRNAs and their target mRNA, which together form a complex regulative network. Several miRNAs are known to be directly involved in β-cells functions such as insulin expression and secretion. These small RNAs may also play significant roles in the fate of β-cells such as proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Among the miRNAs, miR-7, miR-9, miR-375, miR-130 and miR-124 are of particular interest due to being highly expressed in these cells. Under diabetic conditions, although no specific miRNA profile has been noticed, the expression of some miRNAs and their target mRNAs are altered by posttranscriptional mechanisms, exerting diverse signs in the pathobiology of various diabetic complications. The aim of this review article is to discuss miRNAs involved in the process of stem cells differentiation into β-cells, resulting in enhanced β-cell functions with respect to diabetic disorders. This paper will also look into the impact of miRNA expression patterns on in vitro proliferation and differentiation of β-cells. The efficacy of the computational genomics and biochemical analysis to link the changes in miRNA expression profiles of stem cell-derived β-cells to therapeutically relevant outputs will be discussed as well.

Ellagitannins, Gallotannins and their Metabolites- The Contribution to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Food Products and Medicinal Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4946-4967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Kiss ◽  
Jakub P. Piwowarski
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of food products and medicinal plant materials containing hydrolysable tannins (HT) is nowadays rapidly increasing. Among various health effects attributable to the products of plant origin rich in gallotannins and/or ellagitannins the most often underlined is the beneficial influence on diseases possessing inflammatory background. Results of clinical, interventional and animal in vivo studies clearly indicate the antiinflammatory potential of HT-containing products, as well as pure ellagitannins and gallotannins. In recent years a great emphasis has been put on the consideration of metabolism and bioavailability of natural products during examination of their biological effects. Conducted in vivo and in vitro studies of polyphenols metabolism put a new light on this issue and indicate the gut microbiota to play a crucial role in the health effects following their oral administration. The aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about HT-containing products’ phytochemistry and their anti-inflammatory effects together with discussion of the data about observed biological activities with regards to the current concepts on the HTs’ bioavailability and metabolism. Orally administered HT-containing products due to the limited bioavailability of ellagitannins and gallotannins can influence immune response at the level of gastrointestinal tract as well as express modulating effects on the gut microbiota composition. However, due to the chemical changes being a result of their transit through gastrointestinal tract, comprising of hydrolysis and gut microbiota metabolism, the activity of produced metabolites has to be taken into consideration. Studies regarding biological effects of the HTs’ metabolites, in particular urolithins, indicate their strong and structure-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, being observed at the concentrations, which fit the range of their established bioavailability. The impact of HTs on inflammatory processes has been well established on various in vivo and in vitro models, while influence of microbiota metabolites on silencing the immune response gives a new perspective on understanding anti-inflammatory effects attributed to HT containing products, especially their postulated effectiveness in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Expression of mRNAs for Pro-and Anti-Apoptotic Factors in Granulosa Cells and Follicular Fluid of Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization. A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozsef Bodis ◽  
Endre Sulyok ◽  
Akos Varnagy ◽  
Viktória Prémusz ◽  
Krisztina Godony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apoptotic Factors

Abstract BackgroundThis observational clinical study evaluated the expression levels and predictive values of some apoptosis-related genes in granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular fluid (FF) of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).Methods GCs and FF were obtained at oocyte retrieval from 31 consecutive patients with heterogeneous infertility diagnosis (age: 34.3±5.8 years, body mass index: 24.02±3.12 kg/m2, duration of infertility: 4.2±2.1 years). mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic (BAX, CASP3, CASP8) and anti-apoptotic (BCL2, AMH, AMHR, FSHR, LHR, CYP19A1) factors was determined by quantitative RT-PCR using ROCHE LightCycler 480. Results No significant difference in GC or FF mRNA expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors could be demonstrated between IVF patients with (9 patients) or without (22 patients) clinical pregnancy. Each transcript investigated was detected in FF, but their levels were markedly reduced and independent of those in GCs. The number of retrieved oocytes was positively associated with GC AMHR (r=0.393, p=0.029), but the day of embryo transfer was negatively associated with GC LHR (r=-0.414, p=0.020) and GC FSHR transcripts (r=-0.535, p=0.002). When pregnancy positive group was analysed separately the impact of apoptosis- related gene expressions on some selected measures of IVF success could be observed. Strong positive relationship was found between gene expression levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors in GCs.ConclusionOur study provides only marginal evidences for the apoptosis dependence of IVF outcome and suggests that the apoptosis process induces adaptive increases of the anti-apoptotic gene expression to attenuate apoptosis and to protect cell survival.

scholarly journals Yellow Fever Virus Down-Regulates mRNA Expression of SOCS1 in the Initial Phase of Infection in Human Cell Lines

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Michael B. Yakass ◽  
David Franco ◽  
Osbourne Quaye
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Insight Into

Flaviviruses are constantly evolving diverse immune evasion strategies, and the exploitation of the functions of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) and protein inhibitors of activated STATs (PIAS) to favour virus replication has been described for Dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses but not for yellow fever virus (YFV), which is still of global importance despite the existence of an effective vaccine. Some mechanisms that YFV employs to evade host immune defence has been reported, but the expression patterns of SOCS and PIAS in infected cells is yet to be determined. Here, we show that SOCS1 is down-regulated early in YFV-infected HeLa and HEK 293T cells, while SOCS3 and SOCS5 are not significantly altered, and PIAS mRNA expression appears to follow a rise-dip pattern akin to circadian-controlled genes. We also demonstrate that YFV evades interferon-β application to produce comparable viral titres. This report provides initial insight into the in vitro expression dynamics of SOCS and PIAS upon YFV infection and a basis for further investigation into SOCS/PIAS expression and how these modulate the immune response in animal models.

In vitro and in vivo culture effects on mRNA expression of genes involved in metabolism and apoptosis in bovine embryos

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiemke M. Knijn ◽  
Christine Wrenzycki ◽  
Peter J. M. Hendriksen ◽  
Peter L. A. M. Vos ◽  
Elly C. Zeinstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Gene Transcripts

Bovine blastocysts produced in vitro differ substantially from their in vivo-derived counterparts with regard to glucose metabolism, level of apoptosis and mRNA expression patterns. Maternal embryonic genomic transition is a critical period in which these changes could be induced. The goals of the present study were twofold: (1) to identify the critical period of culture during which the differences in expression of gene transcripts involved in glucose metabolism are induced; and (2) to identify gene transcripts involved in apoptosis that are differentially expressed in in vitro- and in vivo-produced blastocysts. Relative abundances of transcripts for the glucose transporters Glut-1, Glut-3, Glut-4 and Glut-8, and transcripts involved in the apoptotic cascade, including BAX, BCL-XL, XIAP and HSP 70.1, were analysed by a semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay in single blastocysts produced in vitro or in vivo for specific time intervals, that is, before or after maternal embryonic transition. Whether the culture environment was in vitro or in vivo affected the expression of glucose transporter transcripts Glut-3, Glut-4 and Glut-8. However, the critical period during culture responsible for these changes, before or after maternal embryonic transition, could not be determined. With the exception of XIAP, no effects of culture system on the mRNA expression patterns of BAX, BCL-XL and HSP 70.1 could be observed. These data show that expression of XIAP transcripts in expanded blastocysts is affected by in vitro culture. These findings add to the list of bovine genes aberrantly expressed in culture conditions, but do not support the hypothesis that maternal embryonic transition is critical in inducing the aberrations in gene expression patterns studied here.

scholarly journals Cinnamic-Derived Acids Significantly Affect Fusarium graminearum Growth and In Vitro Synthesis of Type B Trichothecenes

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Ponts ◽  
Laetitia Pinson-Gadais ◽  
Anne-Laure Boutigny ◽  
Christian Barreau ◽  
Florence Richard-Forget
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Type B ◽  
In Planta ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

The impact of five phenolic acids (ferulic, coumaric, caffeic, syringic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids) on fungal growth and type B trichothecene production by four strains of Fusarium graminearum was investigated. All five phenolic acids inhibited growth but the degree of inhibition varied between strains. Our results suggested that the more lipophilic phenolic acids are, the higher is the effect they have on growth. Toxin accumulation in phenolic acid-supplemented liquid glucose, yeast extract, and peptone cultures was enhanced in the presence of ferulic and coumaric acids but was reduced in the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. This modulation was shown to correlate with a regulation of TRI5 transcription. In this study, addition of phenolic acids with greater antioxidant properties resulted in a higher toxin accumulation, indicating that the modulation of toxin accumulation may be linked to the antioxidant properties of the phenolic acids. These data suggest that, in planta, different compositions in phenolic acids of kernels from various cultivars may reflect different degrees of sensitivity to “mycotoxinogenesis.”

121 DIFFERENTIAL mRNA EXPRESSION BETWEEN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO-DERIVED BOS INDICUS AND BOS TAURUS EMBRYOS

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
L. Nasser ◽  
P. Stranieri ◽  
A. Gutiérrez-Adán ◽  
M. Clemente ◽  
L. Jorge de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
P53 Gene

Brazil is a leading country in the world of commercial use of in vitro-produced bovine embryos with 200 000 transfers per year. The majority of in vitro-produced embryos are pure breed Nelore and are transferred fresh with 40% pregnancy rate. However, pregnancies are drastically reduced with frozen in vitro embryos. This experiment is part of our effort to learn more about molecular composition and morphology of in vitro-derived embryos that may be responsible for such discrepancy. We examined molecular expression of mRNA transcripts of 6 selected genes; apoptosis Bax,TP53(p53), SHC1SHC(p66), insulin growth factor receptor (IGF2R), stabilization of the plasma membrane PLAC8 and glucose conversion H6PD in in-vivo (control) and in-vitro Nelore and Bos taurus embryos. In vivo embryos were collected from superovulated cows at Day 7. In vitro embryo was produced from oocytes aspirated from live cows. A total of 284 oocytes (4 replicates) were matured and fertilized by standard IVF procedures. Presumptive zygotes were cultured in CR2 medium with 5% BSA in 50 μL drops (25 zygotes per drop) at 39°C under paraffin oil and 5% CO2 in humidified air. Embryos that developed on Days 7 to blastocyst were transferred to recipients, and 10 blastocysts from each replicate were frozen for evaluation of gene expression patterns. Poly(A) mRNA was prepared from 3 groups of pools of 10 in vitro embryos and 10 of control in vivo-derived embryos. The quantification of all gene transcripts was carried out by real-time quantitative RT-PCR using the comparative CT method. Data on mRNA expression were normalized to the endogenous H2a.z and was analyzed by one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. The cleavage rates at Day 2 and number of blastocysts developed at Day 7 were 80.3 ± 3.2 and 42.2 ± 6.4, respectively. The level of expression of IGF2R was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in in vivo-derived embryos than in both groups of in vitro embryos. The expression of all 3 apoptosis genes were lower (P < 0.05) in in vivo than in vitro embryos with exception of p53 gene that was not different between Nelore in vitro and in vivo embryos but was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Bos taurus in vitro embryos. There was no difference in expression of PLAC8 gene among any tested group of embryos and in expression of H6PD gene between Nelore in vitro and in vivo embryos. We concluded that significant differences in molecular makeup between in vitro and in vivo-derived Nelore embryos exist. Of particular importance seems to be pattern of expression of IGF2R receptor gene known as a good indicator of embryo quality, which promotes proliferation and differentiation. Similarly, higher expression of 2 BAX and p66 genes of apoptosis in in vitro embryos seems to be a further indication of inferior quality of Nelore in vitro-derived embryos that showed to be more profound in Bos taurus in vitro-derived embryos.

scholarly journals Pachytene spermatocytes in co-culture inhibit rat Sertoli cell synthesis of inhibin beta B-subunit and inhibin B but not the inhibin alpha-subunit

2002 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Clifton ◽  
L O'Donnell ◽  
DM Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Alpha Subunit ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Subunit Expression ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes

This study investigates the effects of spermatogenic germ cells on inhibin alpha-subunit and beta B-subunit expression, and inhibin alpha-subunit and inhibin B production by rat Sertoli cells in vitro. Sertoli cells isolated from 19-day-old rats were cultured for 48 h at 32 degrees C, in the presence or absence of FSH (2.3-2350 mIU/ml), and in the presence of pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids or cytoplasts of elongated spermatids purified from adult rat testis by elutriation and density gradient separation. Sertoli cell secretion of inhibin alpha-subunit and inhibin B, as measured by immunoassay, was dose-dependently stimulated by FSH (maximal stimulation 13- and 2-fold, respectively). Round spermatids or cytoplasts co-cultured with Sertoli cells had no effect on basal or FSH-induced secretion of inhibin alpha-subunit or inhibin B. When Sertoli cells were co-cultured with pachytene spermatocytes, inhibin alpha-subunit secretion was unaltered, while inhibin B secretion was suppressed in a cell concentration-dependent manner to reach a maximal suppression of 45% compared with Sertoli cells alone (P<0.01). A similar suppression in inhibin B was still observed (64% of Sertoli cells alone) when the pachytene spermatocytes were separated from Sertoli cells by a 0.45 microm pore membrane barrier in bicameral chambers. Pachytene spermatocytes also suppressed FSH-induced inhibin B levels in Sertoli cell co-cultures and this suppression was attributed to a decrease in basal inhibin B production rather than a change in FSH responsiveness. Quantitation of Sertoli cell inhibin alpha- and beta B-subunit mRNA by quantitative (real-time) PCR demonstrated that pachytene spermatocytes did not alter Sertoli cell alpha-subunit mRNA expression, but significantly (P<0.01) suppressed basal and FSH-induced beta B-subunit mRNA expression to a similar degree to that seen with inhibin B protein levels. It is concluded that pachytene spermatocytes in vitro suppress Sertoli cell inhibin B secretion via factor-mediated suppression of inhibin beta B-subunit expression. These findings support the hypothesis that specific germ cell types can influence inhibin B secretion by the testis independent of FSH regulation.

A preprogalanin cDNA from the turtle pituitary and regulation of its gene expression

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. R1649-R1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Yuh-Lin Yu ◽  
Chin-Hon Pon ◽  
Hui-Chen Ku ◽  
Chih-Ting Wang ◽  
Yung-Hsi Kao
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Reading Frame

Galanin is a hormone 29 or 30 amino acids (aa) long that is widely distributed within the body and exerts numerous biological effects in vertebrates. To fully understand its physiological roles in reptiles, we analyzed preprogalanin cDNA structure and expression in the turtle pituitary. Using the Chinese soft-shell turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis order Testudines), we obtained a 672-base pair (bp) cDNA containing a 99-bp 5′-untranslated region, a 324-bp preprogalanin coding region, and a 249-bp 3′-untranslated region. The open-reading frame encoded a 108-aa preprogalanin protein with a putative 23-aa signal sequence at the NH2 terminus. Based on the location of putative Lys-Arg dibasic cleavage sites and an amidation signal of Gly-Lys-Arg, we propose that turtle preprogalanin is processed to yield a 29-aa galanin peptide with Gly1 and Thr29 substitutions and a COOH-terminal amidation. Sequence comparison revealed that turtle preprogalanin and galanin-29 had 48–81% and 76–96% aa identities with those of other vertebrates, respectively, suggesting their conservative nature. Expression of the turtle galanin gene was detected in the pituitary, brain, hypothalamus, stomach, liver, pancreas, testes, ovaries, and intestines, but not in the adipose or muscle tissues, suggesting tissue-dependent differences. An in vitro study that used pituitary tissue culture indicated that treatment with 17β-estradiol, testosterone, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone resulted in increased galanin mRNA expression with dose- or time-dependent differences, whereas leptin and neuropeptide Y reduced galanin mRNA levels. These results suggest a hormone-dependent effect on hypophyseal galanin mRNA expression.

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