scholarly journals Spinal Cord Repair: From Cells and Tissue Engineering to Extracellular Vesicles

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Shaowei Guo ◽  
Idan Redenski ◽  
Shulamit Levenberg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Severe Motor

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition, often leading to severe motor, sensory, or autonomic nervous dysfunction. As the holy grail of regenerative medicine, promoting spinal cord tissue regeneration and functional recovery are the fundamental goals. Yet, effective regeneration of injured spinal cord tissues and promotion of functional recovery remain unmet clinical challenges, largely due to the complex pathophysiology of the condition. The transplantation of various cells, either alone or in combination with three-dimensional matrices, has been intensively investigated in preclinical SCI models and clinical trials, holding translational promise. More recently, a new paradigm shift has emerged from cell therapy towards extracellular vesicles as an exciting “cell-free” therapeutic modality. The current review recapitulates recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives of cell-based spinal cord tissue engineering and regeneration strategies.

Transplantation of collagen sponge-based three-dimensional neural stem cells cultured in the RCCS system facilitate locomotor functional recovery in spinal cord injury animals

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwu Dai ◽  
Yunlong Zou ◽  
Yanyun Yin ◽  
Zhifeng Xiao ◽  
Yannan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Sponge ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cells Cultured

Numerous studies have indicated that microgravity induces various changes in the cellular functions of neural stem cells (NSCs), and the use of microgravity to culture tissue engineering seed cells for...

scholarly journals Numbers of Axons in Spared Neural Tissue Bridges But Not Their Widths or Areas Correlate With Functional Recovery in Spinal Cord-Injured Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1203-1217
Author(s):  
Svenja Rink ◽  
Stoyan Pavlov ◽  
Aliona Wöhler ◽  
Habib Bendella ◽  
Marilena Manthou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Cresyl Violet ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract The relationships between various parameters of tissue damage and subsequent functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) are not well understood. Patients may regain micturition control and walking despite large postinjury medullar cavities. The objective of this study was to establish possible correlations between morphological findings and degree of functional recovery after spinal cord compression at vertebra Th8 in rats. Recovery of motor (Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan, foot-stepping angle, rump-height index, and ladder climbing), sensory (withdrawal latency), and bladder functions was analyzed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks post-SCI. Following perfusion fixation, spinal cord tissue encompassing the injury site was cut in longitudinal frontal sections. Lesion lengths, lesion volumes, and areas of perilesional neural tissue bridges were determined after staining with cresyl violet. The numbers of axons in these bridges were quantified after staining for class III β-tubulin. We found that it was not the area of the spared tissue bridges, which is routinely determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the numbers of axons in them that correlated with functional recovery after SCI (Spearman’s ρ > 0.8; p < 0.001). We conclude that prognostic statements based only on MRI measurements should be considered with caution.

scholarly journals X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography visualizes the microstructure and degradation profile of implanted biodegradable scaffolds after spinal cord injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Takashima ◽  
Masato Hoshino ◽  
Kentaro Uesugi ◽  
Naoto Yagi ◽  
Shojiro Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Grating Interferometer

Tissue engineering strategies for spinal cord repair are a primary focus of translational medicine after spinal cord injury (SCI). Many tissue engineering strategies employ three-dimensional scaffolds, which are made of biodegradable materials and have microstructure incorporated with viable cells and bioactive molecules to promote new tissue generation and functional recovery after SCI. It is therefore important to develop an imaging system that visualizes both the microstructure of three-dimensional scaffolds and their degradation process after SCI. Here, X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography imaging based on the Talbot grating interferometer is described and it is shown how it can visualize the polyglycolic acid scaffold, including its microfibres, after implantation into the injured spinal cord. Furthermore, X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography images revealed that degradation occurred from the end to the centre of the braided scaffold in the 28 days after implantation into the injured spinal cord. The present report provides the first demonstration of an imaging technique that visualizes both the microstructure and degradation of biodegradable scaffolds in SCI research. X-ray phase-contrast imaging based on the Talbot grating interferometer is a versatile technique that can be used for a broad range of preclinical applications in tissue engineering strategies.

scholarly journals Progress in research into spinal cord injury repair: Tissue engineering scaffolds and cell transdifferentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changke Ma ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yixin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Cell Transdifferentiation ◽  
Cord Injury

As with all tissues of the central nervous system, the low regeneration ability of spinal cord tissue after injury decreases the potential for repair and recovery. Initially, in spinal cord injuries (SCI), often the surgeon can only limit further damage by early surgical decompression. However, with the development of basic science, especially the development of genetic engineering, molecular biology, tissue engineering, and materials science, some promising progress has been made in promoting the repair of central nervous system injuries. For example, transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs), olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), and gene- mediated transdifferentiation to repair central nervous system injury. This paper summarizes the progress and prospects of SCI repair with tissue engineering scaffold and cell transdifferentiation from an extensive literatures.

scholarly journals Local delivery of FTY720 and NSCs on electrospun PLGA scaffolds improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
pp. 17801-17811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijian Kong ◽  
Zhiping Qi ◽  
Peng Xia ◽  
Yuxin Chang ◽  
Hongru Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Local Delivery ◽  
Sensory Dysfunction ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
Lesion Level

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common issue in the clinic that causes severe motor and sensory dysfunction below the lesion level.

scholarly journals SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis-mediated Migration of Systematically Transplanted Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Towards the Injured Spinal Cord in a Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa Cai ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Andong Zhao ◽  
Yu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cxcr4 Axis

Abstract Background: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to migrate to injured spinal cords and promote functional recovery when systemically transplanted into the traumatized spinal cord. However, the the mechanisms underlying their migration to spinal cords are not yet fully understoodMethods: In this study, we systemically transplanted GFP- and luciferase-expressing MSCs into the rat models of spinal cord injury and examined the role of the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 axis in regulating the migration of transplanted MSCs to spinal cords.Results: After intravenous injection, MSCs migrated to the injured spinal cord where the expression of SDF-1 was increased. Spinal cord recruitment of MSCs was blocked by pre-incubation with an inhibitor of CXCR4. Their presence correlated with morphological and functional recovery. In vitro, SDF-1 or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from SCI rats promoted a dose-dependent migration of MSCs, which was blocked by an inhibitor of CXCR4 or an SDF-1 antibody.Conclusions: The study suggests that SDF-1/CXCR4 interactions recruit exogenous MSCs to injured spinal cord tissue and may enhance neural regeneration. Modulation of homing capacity may be instrumental in harnessing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-145-Mediated KDM6A Downregulation Enhances Neural Repair after Spinal Cord Injury via the NOTCH2/Abcb1a Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Changzhao Gao ◽  
Fei Yin ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Qing Ruan ◽  
Chunyang Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Pc12 Cell ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a significant physical, emotional, social, and economic burden to millions of people. MicroRNAs are known players in the regulatory circuitry of the neural repair in SCI. However, most microRNAs remain uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrate the neuroprotection of microRNA-145 (miR-145) after SCI in vivo and in vitro. In silico analysis predicted the target gene KDM6A of miR-145. The rat SCI model was developed by weight drop, and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced PC12 cell inflammatory injury model was also established. We manipulated the expression of miR-145 and/or KDM6A both in vivo and in vitro to explain their roles in rat neurological functional recovery as well as PC12 cell activities and inflammation. Furthermore, we delineated the mechanistic involvement of NOTCH2 and Abcb1a in the neuroprotection of miR-145. According to the results, miR-145 was poorly expressed and KDM6A was highly expressed in the spinal cord tissue of the SCI rat model and LPS-induced PC12 cells. Overexpression of miR-145 protects PC12 cells from LPS-induced cell damage and expedites neurological functional recovery of SCI in rats. miR-145 was validated to target and downregulate the demethylase KDM6A expression, thus abrogating the expression of Abcb1a by promoting the methylation of NOTCH2. Additionally, in vivo findings verified that miR-145 expedites neuroprotection after SCI by regulating the KDM6A/NOTCH2/Abcb1a axis. Taken together, miR-145 confers neuroprotective effects and enhances neural repair after SCI through the KDM6A-mediated NOTCH2/Abcb1a axis.

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