scholarly journals Disparities in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Charles Muller ◽  
Ehizokha Ihionkhan ◽  
Elena M. Stoffel ◽  
Sonia S. Kupfer
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Hispanic Latinos ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

The incidence and mortality of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing in the United States (US) and worldwide. In the US, there are notable disparities in early-onset CRC burden by race/ethnicity and geography. African Americans, Hispanic/Latinos, and populations residing in specific regions of the Southern U.S. are disproportionately affected with CRC diagnosed at younger ages, while less is known about disparities in other countries. Reasons for these disparities are likely multi-factorial and potentially implicate differences in health determinants including biology/genetics, diet/environment, individual health behaviors, and access to high-quality health services, as well as social and policy factors. This review summarizes current understanding of early-onset CRC disparities and identifies specific research areas that will inform evidence-based interventions at individual, practice, and policy levels to reduce the global burden of this disease.

scholarly journals Social Determinants Associated with the Rising Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the U.S.: A PRISMA Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 302-302
Author(s):  
Laura Amweg ◽  
Laura Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Objectives To examine the behavioral, socioeconomic, clinical and systemic characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults (19–49 years of age) in the United States (U.S). Methods A systematic literature review was performed using PRISMA methodology. Eleven electronic databases were searched for the extant literature. Study eligibility criteria included colorectal cancer patients in the United States aged 19–49 years. Articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2009-April 2019 were included. Results Diet, smoking, low physical activity, and gut microbiome changes were identified as modifiable risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). Racial disparities existed where African American and Hispanic populations had a higher incidence of EOCRC compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Results suggested that delays in EOCRC diagnosis were caused by delays between symptom presentation and appropriate screening. Limitations included use of non-longitudinal cross-sectional analysis, which cannot explain etiologic causes. Conclusions Public health efforts are needed for better adherence to a healthy dietary pattern and increasing physical activity, to bring awareness to young adults and clinicians alike to know the symptoms of EOCRC, and for young people to get screened early in an ethnically-inclusive manner to reduce disparities. Findings suggest more prospective, longitudinal studies need to be conducted and analyzed to study the etiologic factors of EOCRC. Funding Sources The authors have no funding sources to report.

scholarly journals State Variation in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States, 1995–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1104-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Siegel ◽  
Genet A Medhanie ◽  
Stacey A Fedewa ◽  
Ahmedin Jemal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

Abstract The extent to which the increase in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in the United States varies geographically is unknown. We analyzed changes in CRC incidence and risk factors among people aged 20–49 years by state using high-quality population-based cancer registry data provided by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and national survey data, respectively. Early-onset CRC incidence was mostly stable among blacks and Hispanics but increased in 40 of 47 states among non-Hispanic whites, most prominently in western states. For example, rates increased in Washington from 6.7 (per 100 000) during 1995–1996 to 11.5 during 2014–2015 (rate ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.48 to 2.01) and in Colorado from 6.0 to 9.5 (rate ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.30 to 1.91). Nevertheless, current CRC incidence was highest in southern states. From 1995 to 2005, increases occurred in obesity prevalence in all states and heavy alcohol consumption in one-third of states, but neither were correlated with CRC incidence trends. Early-onset CRC is increasing most rapidly among whites in western states. Etiologic studies are needed to explore early life colorectal carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Geographic and intra‐racial disparities in early‐onset colorectal cancer in the SEER 18 registries of the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 9150-9159
Author(s):  
Wesal H. Abualkhair ◽  
Meijiao Zhou ◽  
Carolina O. Ochoa ◽  
Leonel Lacayo ◽  
Caitlin Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

scholarly journals Trends in Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States Among Those Approaching Screening Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e1920407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesal H. Abualkhair ◽  
Meijiao Zhou ◽  
Dennis Ahnen ◽  
Qingzhao Yu ◽  
Xiao-Cheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

Detailed incidence and mortality trends of early-onset colorectal cancer in Canada.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15539-e15539
Author(s):  
Dylan E. O'Sullivan ◽  
Yibing Ruan ◽  
Robert Liam Sutherland ◽  
Winson Y. Cheung ◽  
Steven J. Heitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

e15539 Background: There has been a consistent increase in the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (eoCRC), under the age of 50, in Canada since the late 1990s. Questions remain surrounding how these trends vary by topography, histology, and stage, and related trends with CRC-specific mortality. Methods: CRC incidence data were obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry and CRC-specific mortality data from the Canadian Vital Statistics – Death Database for the years 2000 to 2017. Age-specific average annual percent changes (AAPC) in the incidence (by topography and histology) and mortality rates of CRC were estimated using the National Cancer Institute’s Joinpoint Regression Program. To determine age-specific differences (5-year age groups) in CRC diagnosis at late stage (III and IV) for years 2011 to 2017 combined, a logistic regression model adjusting for sex with the 50-54 age group as the referent was conducted. Results: AAPCs and 95% confidence intervals in the rates of incidence (topography and histology) and mortality of eoCRC from 2000 to 2017 in Canada are presented in Table. Different trends in topography were observed across sexes with the largest increases in the distal colon (splenic flexure, descending, and sigmoid) and rectum among males and rectum only among females. Significant increases were observed for non-mucinous adenocarcinomas, while significant decreases were observed for mucinous adenocarcinomas among the 40-49 age group. Compared to the 50-54 age group, only the 45-49 group had a significantly higher odds of developing late-stage colon cancer, while men and adults 25-49 had a higher odds of developing late stage rectal cancer. Despite increases in the incidence of eoCRC there has only been a significant increase in mortality for men aged 20-39. Trends in mortality vary by site, with significant decreases observed for colon cancer-specific mortality among the 40-49 age group and increases in rectal cancer-specific mortality for adults aged 20-49. Conclusions: These results indicate that the largest increases in incidence and mortality for eoCRC have occurred in the rectum and trends have varied by sex. Further research on the etiology and treatment outcomes of eoCRC patients are warranted for this patient population.[Table: see text]

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