scholarly journals High Density Lipoproteins and Diabetes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Blake J. Cochran ◽  
Kwok-Leung Ong ◽  
Bikash Manandhar ◽  
Kerry-Anne Rye
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Established Disease ◽  
Plasma High Density ◽  
The Subject

Epidemiological studies have established that a high plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However, recent randomised clinical trials of interventions that increase HDL-C levels have failed to establish a causal basis for this relationship. This has led to a shift in HDL research efforts towards developing strategies that improve the cardioprotective functions of HDLs, rather than simply increasing HDL-C levels. These efforts are also leading to the discovery of novel HDL functions that are unrelated to cardiovascular disease. One of the most recently identified functions of HDLs is their potent antidiabetic properties. The antidiabetic functions of HDLs, and recent key advances in this area are the subject of this review. Given that all forms of diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate globally, there is a clear unmet need to identify and develop new approaches that will complement existing therapies and reduce disease progression as well as reverse established disease. Exploration of a potential role for HDLs and their constituent lipids and apolipoproteins in this area is clearly warranted. This review highlights focus areas that have yet to be investigated and potential strategies for exploiting the antidiabetic functions of HDLs.

scholarly journals High-Density Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Disease: The Good, the Bad and the Future

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Josep Julve ◽  
Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Plasma High Density ◽  
Low Levels

Epidemiological studies have shown that low levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) [...]

scholarly journals The effects of insulin deficiency on the plasma clearance and exchange of high-density-lipoprotein phosphatidylcholine in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
I J Martins ◽  
T G Redgrave
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesteryl Oleate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Phospholipid Transfer ◽  
Plasma High Density

Triolein/cholesteryl oleate/cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine emulsions designed to model the lipid composition of chylomicrons were injected intravenously into control and streptozotocin-treated insulin-deficient rats. As previously described for lymph chylomicrons, the emulsion triolein was hydrolysed and phosphatidylcholine was transferred to the plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL). This mechanism was used to introduce a phospholipid label into HDL in vivo. The subsequent clearance of phospholipid radioactivity from the plasma of insulin-deficient rats was significantly slower than in controls (P less than 0.025). Plasma clearance was similarly slower in insulin-deficient rats after injection of HDL that was previously labelled with radioactive phospholipids. After injection, the phospholipid label redistributed rapidly between the large-particle fraction of plasma lipoproteins (very-low- and low-density lipoproteins), and the lighter and heavier fractions of HDL. Compared with control rats, in insulin-deficient rats less of the phospholipid label was distributed to the lighter HDL fraction and more to the heavier HDL fraction, and this difference was not due to changes in activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase or in the apparent activity of phospholipid transfer protein. In insulin-deficient rats the changes in HDL phospholipid clearance and exchange appeared to be secondary to the associated hypertriglyceridaemia and the related changes in distribution of phospholipids between classes of plasma lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Current Therapies Focused on High-Density Lipoproteins Associated with Cardiovascular Disease

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Estrada-Luna ◽  
María Ortiz-Rodriguez ◽  
Lizett Medina-Briseño ◽  
Elizabeth Carreón-Torres ◽  
Jeannett Izquierdo-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
The Impact

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) comprise a heterogeneous family of lipoprotein particles divided into subclasses that are determined by density, size and surface charge as well as protein composition. Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. HDLs promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and have several atheroprotective functions such as anti-inflammation, anti-thrombosis, and anti-oxidation. HDLs are considered to be atheroprotective because they are associated in serum with paraoxonases (PONs) which protect HDL from oxidation. Polyphenol consumption reduces the risk of chronic diseases in humans. Polyphenols increase the binding of HDL to PON1, increasing the catalytic activity of PON1. This review summarizes the evidence currently available regarding pharmacological and alternative treatments aimed at improving the functionality of HDL-C. Information on the effectiveness of the treatments has contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate plasma levels of HDL-C, thereby promoting the development of more effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases. For that purpose, Scopus and Medline databases were searched to identify the publications investigating the impact of current therapies focused on high-density lipoproteins.

Multi-laboratory comparison of three heparin-Mn2+ precipitation procedures for estimating cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Albers ◽  
G R Warnick ◽  
D Wiebe ◽  
P King ◽  
P Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Plasma High Density

Abstract Plasma high-density lipoprotein is commonly estimated by measuring the cholesterol remaining in plasma supernatant solutions after other lipoproteins, which contain apolipoprotein B, are precipitated with heparin and Mn2+. The method (method I) now in use by the Lipid Research Clinics, in which Mn2+ is at 46 mmol/liter final concentration, is reasonably accurate, but precipitation and sedimentation of lipoproteins other than high-density lipoproteins is often incomplete. We evaluated two modifications of method I. In method II, the Mn2+ concentration was doubled; the second modification (method III) included the increased Mn2+ concentration in a combined heparin Mn2+ reagent, decreased sample volume (2 ml), and a shorter incubation time (10 min at room temperature). The percentages of samples with turbid supernates (i.e., incomplete sedimentation) by methods I, II, and III were 9, 3, and 2%, respectively. Among non-turbid supernates, the percentages of samples containing measurable apolipoprotein B (incomplete precipitation) were 79, 19, and 16%, respectively. We conclude that method III is the most convenient and accurate of the three procedures.

scholarly journals High-Density Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Disease: The Good, the Bad, and the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7488
Author(s):  
Josep Julve ◽  
Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Plasma High Density ◽  
Low Levels

Epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies have shown that low levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) [...]

High-density lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatiha Tabet ◽  
Kerry-Anne Rye
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Plasma levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol are strongly and inversely correlated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Both clinical and epidemiological studies have reported an inverse and independent association between serum HDL-cholesterol levels and CHD (coronary heart disease) risk. The cardioprotective effects of HDLs have been attributed to several mechanisms, including their involvement in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. HDLs also have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties and promote endothelial repair, all of which are likely to contribute to their ability to prevent CHD. The first part of this review summarizes what is known about the origins and metabolism of HDL. We then focus on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of HDL and discuss why these characteristics are cardioprotective.

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