scholarly journals The Relationship between the Antioxidant System and Proline Metabolism in the Leaves of Cucumber Plants Acclimated to Salt Stress

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Marcin Naliwajski ◽  
Maria Skłodowska
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Proline Metabolism ◽  
Proline Dehydrogenase ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Group

The study examines the effect of acclimation on the antioxidant system and proline metabolism in cucumber leaves subjected to 100 and 150 NaCl stress. The levels of protein carbonyl group, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, α-tocopherol, and activity of ascorbate and glutathione peroxidases, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate: synthetase and reductase as well as proline dehydrogenase were determined after 24 and 72 h periods of salt stress in the acclimated and non-acclimated plants. Although both groups of plants showed high α-tocopherol levels, in acclimated plants was observed higher constitutive concentration of these compounds as well as after salt treatment. Furthermore, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants grew in response to salt stress, mainly in the acclimated plants. In the acclimated plants, protein carbonyl group levels collapsed on a constitutive level and in response to salt stress. Although both groups of plants showed a decrease in proline dehydrogenase activity, they differed with regard to the range and time. Differences in response to salt stress between the acclimated and non-acclimated plants may suggest a relationship between increased tolerance in acclimated plants and raised activity of antioxidant enzymes, high-level of α-tocopherol as well, as decrease enzyme activity incorporates in proline catabolism.

scholarly journals Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Badar Jahan ◽  
Noushina Iqbal ◽  
Mehar Fatma ◽  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Proline Metabolism ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Nutrient Assimilation ◽  
S Application

In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually and in combination with split doses of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for removal of the damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg−1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dose at 20 days after sowing [N50 + S50]0d and 20d. Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split doses of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a decrease in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, whereas proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S doses significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the concentration of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split forms of N and S application may be potential tools for not just overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae but also enhancing their photosynthesis and growth potential through increased nutrient assimilation.

scholarly journals 24-Epibrassinolide (EBR) Confers Tolerance against NaCl Stress in Soybean Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant System, Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle, and Glyoxalase System

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alam ◽  
Albalawi ◽  
Altalayan ◽  
Bakht ◽  
Ahanger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Glutathione Cycle ◽  
Na Uptake ◽  
Glyoxalase Cycle

: The present research was performed to assess the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on salt-stressed soybean plants. Salt stress suppressed growth, biomass yield, gas exchange parameters, pigment content, and chlorophyll fluorescence, but all these parameters were up-regulated by EBR supply. Moreover, salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage. EBR supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress biomarkers. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the accumulation of proline, glycinebetaine, total phenols, and total flavonoids increased with NaCl stress, but these attributes further increased with EBR supplementation. The activities of enzymes and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants involved in the Asc-Glu cycle also increased with NaCl stress, and further enhancement in these attributes was recorded by EBR supplementation. Salinity elevated the methylglyoxal content, but it was decreased by the EBR supplementation accompanying with up-regulation of the glyoxalase cycle (GlyI and GlyII). Salinity enhanced the Na+ uptake in root and shoot coupled with a decrease in uptake of Ca2+, K+, and P. However, EBR supplementation declined Na+ accumulation and promoted the uptake of the aforementioned nutrients. Overall, EBR supplementation regulated the salt tolerance mechanism in soybean plants by modulating osmolytes, activities of key enzymes, and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants.

scholarly journals Effect of Running Exercise on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Thirupathi ◽  
Ricardo A. Pinho ◽  
Ukadike C. Ugbolue ◽  
Yuhuan He ◽  
Yao Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Running Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Exercise induced health benefits are limited by the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS and further oxidative stress could potentially induce muscle damage which could result in poor exercise performance. However, predicting ROS induced oxidative stress in response to endurance training has several limitations in terms of selecting biomarkers that are used to measure oxidative stress.Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the suitable biomarkers that predict oxidative stress status among runners.Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using related search terms such as oxidative damage, ROS, exercise, physical training, running, marathon, and ultramarathon.Results: Outcomes included (1) running programs like a half-marathon, ultramarathon, and iron-man race, (2) measuring biochemical assessment of oxidative damage markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and F1-isoprostones, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants level.Conclusions: This study concluded that a running exercise does not elicit a response to specific biomarkers of oxidative stress, instead, oxidative damage markers of lipids, proteins, and various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are expressed according to the training status of the individual.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Ascorbic Acid Enhances the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Ocimum sanctum L. Grown under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Neelma Munir ◽  
Sheza A. Khilji ◽  
Maryam Shabir ◽  
Zahoor A. Sajid
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Antioxidants Activity

Ocimum sanctum L. (Tulsi) is the most important medicinal plant that has antimicrobial, antioxidants, and anticarcinogenic effects on human health. Plants, when under stress, gather several antioxidants and osmoprotectants. The present work focuses on the abiotic stress response of Tulsi and its mitigation by the application of ascorbic acid. In addition to this, an enhancement of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity was also analyzed using ascorbic acid. During the present work, when plants were grown under NaCl stress and ascorbic acid (AA) was provided with foliar applications, it ascertained encouraging effects on growth; likewise, its effect remains stable under salinity stress. The enzymatic antioxidants activity showed a significant change in response to AA alone or in combination. The highest catalase activity was recorded in plants subjected to 0.5 mM AA in combination with 100 mM NaCl (0.65 units/mL of enzyme). Likewise, a similar trend was recorded for the superoxide dismutase activity of Tulsi plants. The highest activity of SOD was recorded in plants subjected to 0.5 mM AA in combination with 100 mM NaCl (66.1 units/mg of protein). Flavonoid content showed its highest amount (27.41 mg/g) when plants were treated with 0.5 mM AA + 100 mM NaCl while the highest phenolic content (1.88 mg/g) was analyzed in salt treated plants sprayed with 0.5 mM AA. In the case of antimicrobial activity, 0.5 mM AA treated plants gave the highest value for the Staphylococcus aureus as 2.15 cm and in Clostridium species was 2.1 cm in the plants treated with 1 mM AA alone. Hence, the findings of the present study may lead to the conclusion that AA has a significant role in defense mechanisms of plants in response to salt stress. Further, it enhances the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Tulsi plants grown under salt stress.

scholarly journals Ethylene Supplementation Combined with Split Application of Nitrogen and Sulfur Protects Salt-Inhibited Photosynthesis through Optimization of Proline Metabolism and Antioxidant System in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badar Jahan ◽  
Mehar Fatma ◽  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
Adriano Sofo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Proline Metabolism ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
S Application ◽  
Split Form

In the present study, the potential of ethylene as ethephon (an ethylene source) was investigated individually or with a combination of the split dosage of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) soil treatments for the removal of damaging effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants were grown with 50 mg N plus 50 mg S kg−1 soil at sowing time and an equivalent dosage at 20 days after sowing ([N50 + S50]0d + [N50 + S50]20d). Ethephon at 200 μL L‒1 was applied to combined split dosage of N and S with or without NaCl. Plants subjected to NaCl showed a deceased in growth and photosynthetic characteristics as well as N and S assimilation, though, proline metabolism and antioxidants increased. The application of ethephon to plants grown with split N and S dosages significantly enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the assimilation of N and S, improving the content of proline and induction of the antioxidant system with or without NaCl. The regulation of ethylene and/or split form N and S application may be the potential tools for overcoming salt stress effects in this species and in related Brassicaceae.

scholarly journals Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants under Salt Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Mehar Fatma ◽  
Noushina Iqbal ◽  
Harsha Gautam ◽  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
Adriano Sofo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Stomatal Responses ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Aba Content

This study explored the interactive effect of ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid; an ethylene source) and sulfur (S) in regulating the antioxidant system and ABA content and in maintaining stomatal responses, chloroplast structure, and photosynthetic performance of mustard plants (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) grown under 100 mM NaCl stress. The treatment of ethephon (200 µL L−1) and S (200 mg S kg−1 soil) together markedly improved the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, resulting in declined oxidative stress through lesser content of sodium (Na+) ion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in salt-stressed plants. These changes promoted the development of chloroplast thylakoids and photosynthetic performance under salt stress. Ethephon + S also reduced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in guard cell, leading to maximal stomatal conductance under salt stress. The inhibition of ethylene action by norbornadiene (NBD) in salt- plus non-stressed treated plants increased ABA and H2O2 contents, and reduced stomatal opening, suggesting the involvement of ethephon and S in regulating stomatal conductance. These findings suggest that ethephon and S modulate antioxidant system and ABA accumulation in guard cells, controlling stomatal conductance, and the structure and efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under salt stress.

scholarly journals Influence of salicylic acid on biochemical parameters and antioxidant system in mashbean plants grown under salt stress conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1786-1792
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Navita Ghai ◽  
Jagmeet Kaur ◽  
Inderjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Abiotic stress factors affect almost every aspect of physiology and biochemisrtry of a plant. The present study investigates the role of salicylic acid (SA) in inducing plant tolerance to salinity. The application of 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM SA to mashbean (Vigna mungo L.) plants provided protection against 30mM or 45mM NaCl stress throughelevated antioxidant system. The genotypes KUG 363, KUG 310, (salt sensitive), KUG 502 and KUG 529 (salt tolerant) along with UL 338 (as check) were subjected to salt stress. Relative leaf water content (61%) decreased under 45mM salt stress in salt tolerant genotype KUG 529 as compared to control (85%). Leaf water potential was also recorded at 50 DAS in salt tolerant genotype KUG 529 (-2.66 mpa) and in salt sensitive genotype KUG 363(-3.76 mpa) .All the genotypes showed higher accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species under salt stress. A remarkable decrease was shown in antioxidant enzymes like catalase (179 micro mole/min/g FW) and ascorbate peroxidase (1617 n moles/min/g FW) in KUG 529 . The level of antioxidant system was enhanced catalase (184 micro mole/min/g FW) and ascorbate peroxidase (1853 n moles/min/g FW) in mashbean plants under NaCl stress following SA applications . Thus SA helped in conferring stress tolerance to mashbean plants through enhanced antioxidant system. However, tolerant genotypes responded better than sensitive ones and lower concentration of SA (0.5mM) was more effective.

Brain ischemia/reperfusion-triggered protein carbonyl group formation in the brain and heart

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. A88
Author(s):  
Olga Ondrejičková ◽  
Svorad Štolc ◽  
L'ubica Horáková ◽  
Attila Ziegelhöffer
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Group

scholarly journals Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Serum Amyloid A and Protein Carbonyl Group Levels in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hami Asadi ◽  
Ali Akbar Abolfathi ◽  
Reza Badalzadeh ◽  
Maryam Majidinia ◽  
Alireza Yaghoubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Group

Protective effect of resveratrol on formation of membrane protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes subjected to oxidative stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanti Bhooshan Pandey ◽  
Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group Content ◽  
Tert Butylhydroperoxide ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Group

Many of the biological actions of resveratrol have been attributed to its antioxidant properties. In this work, we subjected human erythrocytes to in vitro oxidative stress by incubating them with tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP). This caused a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the protein carbonyl group content above the basal values. The presence of trans-resveratrol at micromolar concentrations in the incubation medium protected the erythrocytes from t-BHP-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by the decrease in the MDA level and the protein carbonyl group content. The effect of resveratrol was concentration and time-dependent. Our findings help to explain some of the beneficial effects of resveratrol.

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