scholarly journals Selective Proliferation of Highly Functional Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Microgravity Culture with Stirred Microspheres

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Takanobu Mashiko ◽  
Koji Kanayama ◽  
Natsumi Saito ◽  
Takako Shirado ◽  
Rintaro Asahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Differentiation ◽  
Microgravity Conditions

Therapeutic effects of adult stem-cell transplantations are limited by poor cell-retention in target organs, and a reduced potential for optimal cell differentiation compared to embryonic stem cells. However, contemporary studies have indicated heterogeneity within adult stem-cell pools, and a novel culturing technique may address these limitations by selecting those for cell proliferation which are highly functional. Here, we report the preservation of stemness in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) by using microgravity conditions combined with microspheres in a stirred suspension. The cells were bound to microspheres (100−300 μm) and cultured using a wave-stirring shaker. One-week cultures using polystyrene and collagen microspheres increased the proportions of SSEA-3(+) hASCs 4.4- and 4.3-fold (2.7- and 2.9-fold increases in their numbers), respectively, compared to normal culture conditions. These cultured hASCs expressed higher levels of pluripotent markers (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, MYC, and KLF), and had improved abilities for proliferation, colony formation, network formation, and multiple-mesenchymal differentiation. We believe that this novel culturing method may further enhance regenerative therapies using hASCs.

scholarly journals Strategy to Establish Embryo-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5011
Author(s):  
Daehwan Kim ◽  
Sangho Roh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Stem cell research is essential not only for the research and treatment of human diseases, but also for the genetic preservation and improvement of animals. Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were established in mice, substantial efforts have been made to establish true ESCs in many species. Although various culture conditions were used to establish ESCs in cattle, the capturing of true bovine ESCs (bESCs) has not been achieved. In this review, the difficulty of establishing bESCs with various culture conditions is described, and the characteristics of proprietary induced pluripotent stem cells and extended pluripotent stem cells are introduced. We conclude with a suggestion of a strategy for establishing true bESCs.

NIH-Funded Research Using Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4232-4232
Author(s):  
C. Anthony Blau ◽  
Angelique Nelson ◽  
Carol B. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Material Transfer ◽  
Early Passage

Abstract In October 2003, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) established three extramural “Exploratory Centers for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research.” Our Center’s experience in acquiring and manipulating NIH-approved human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines may be useful for other institutions interested in pursuing NIH-funded hES cell research. We acquired 14 of the 22 NIH-approved cell lines. Modifications to the proposed Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs) with hES cell suppliers were sought to improve accessibility to these hES cell lines by local researchers. Lines were characterized for survival following cryopreservation and for their ability to adapt to a uniform set of culture conditions while maintaining a normal karyotype. Each of the 4 suppliers contacted eventually agreed to terms that improved access to their hES cell lines. Eleven hES cell lines were received frozen, and in 10 cases very few cells survived cryopreservation. Ten hES cell lines were successfully converted to simplified culture conditions that enhanced their ability to be maintained and expanded in culture. One hES cell line had an unstable karyotype at an early passage. Current MTA provisions continue to present significant obstacles to NIH-funded hES cell research. Many hES cell lines can be maintained using culture conditions less onerous than those recommended by their suppliers.

scholarly journals STEM CELLS: AN APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Jatav ◽  
Sunita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression

The contribution of stem cells to control atherosclerosis progression and vascular remodeling after injury in humans is established; however, many details are still unknown. The success with stem cell therapies in the treatment of hematological disorders over the past four decades enhanced our understanding of the physiology of vascular remodeling and motivated towards regenerative medicine and therapeutic restoration of the damaged organ. Stem cells isolated from bone marrow are currently being tested for their therapeutic potential in a variety of clinical conditions including cardiovascular injury, kidney failure, cancer, neurological, and bone disorders. The main focus of this review paper is to reveal the role of different types of stem cells such as embryonic stem cell, adult stem cell, smooth muscle progenitor cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells and find out possibility to use them for the treatment of atherosclerosis as well as to reduce atheroma formation.

scholarly journals Potential Clinical Applications for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Blood Components

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin A. Kimbrel ◽  
Shi-Jiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

The ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to divide indefinitely without losing pluripotency and to theoretically differentiate into any cell type in the body makes them highly attractive cell sources for large scale regenerative medicine purposes. The current use of adult stem cell-derived products in hematologic intervention sets an important precedent and provides a guide for developing hESC/iPSC based therapies for the blood system. In this review, we highlight biological functions of mature cells of the blood, clinical conditions requiring the transfusion or stimulation of these cells, and the potential for hESC/iPSC-derivatives to serve as functional replacements. Many researchers have already been able to differentiate hESCs and/or iPSCs into specific mature blood cell types. For example, hESC-derived red blood cells and platelets are functional in tasks such as oxygen delivery and blood clotting, respectively and may be able to serve as substitutes for their donor-derived counterparts in emergencies. hESC-derived dendritic cells are functional in antigen-presentation and may be used as off-the-shelf vaccine therapies to stimulate antigen-specific immune responses against cancer cells. However,in vitrodifferentiation systems used to generate these cells will need further optimization before hESC/iPSC-derived blood components can be used clinically.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Cell Kinetics Genes: The Key to Expansion of Adult Stem Cells in Culture

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1906-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Sherley
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Kinetics ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Kinetics Of

A singular challenge in stem cell research today is the expansion and propagation of functional adult stem cells. Unlike embryonic stem cells, which are immortal in culture, adult stem cells are notorious for the difficulty encountered when attempts are made to expand them in culture. One overlooked reason for this difficulty may be the inherent asymmetric cell kinetics of stem cells in postnatal somatic tissues. Senescence is the expected fate of a culture whose growth depends on adult stem cells that divide with asymmetric cell kinetics. Therefore, the bioengineering of strategies to expand adult stem cells in culture requires knowledge of cellular mechanisms that control asymmetric cell kinetics. The properties of several genes recently implicated to function in a cellular pathway(s) that regulates asymmetric cell kinetics are discussed. Understanding the function of these genes in asymmetric cell kinetics mechanisms may be the key that unlocks the adult stem cell expansion problem.

scholarly journals Current Stem Cell Delivery Methods for Myocardial Repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin C. Sheng ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Jijun Hao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cellular Delivery ◽  
Myocardial Repair ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Heart failure commonly results from an irreparable damage due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In recent years, the rapid advancements in stem cell research have garnered much praise for paving the way to novel therapies in reversing myocardial injuries. Cell types currently investigated for cellular delivery include embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and adult stem cell lineages such as skeletal myoblasts, bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and cardiac stem cells (CSCs). To engraft these cells into patients’ damaged myocardium, a variety of approaches (intramyocardial, transendocardial, transcoronary, venous, intravenous, intracoronary artery and retrograde venous administrations and bioengineered tissue transplantation) have been developed and explored. In this paper, we will discuss the pros and cons of these delivery modalities, the current state of their therapeutic potentials, and a multifaceted evaluation of their reported clinical feasibility, safety, and efficacy. While the issues of optimal delivery approach, the best progenitor stem cell type, the most effective dose, and timing of administration remain to be addressed, we are highly optimistic that stem cell therapy will provide a clinically viable option for myocardial regeneration.

scholarly journals Concise review: current trends on applications of stem cells in diabetic nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwei Liu ◽  
Wen Zheng ◽  
Shaokang Pan ◽  
Zhangsuo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy, with high prevalence, is the main cause of renal failure in diabetic patients. The strategies for treating DN are limited with not only high cost but an unsatisfied effect. Therefore, the effective treatment of DN needs to be explored urgently. In recent years, due to their self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential, stem cells have exerted therapeutic effects in many diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune diseases, pancreatic diseases, and even acute kidney injury. With the development of stem cell technology, stem cell-based regenerative medicine has been tried to be applied to the treatment of DN. Related stem cells include embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal cells, and endothelial progenitor cells. Undoubtedly, stem cell transplantation has achieved certain results in the treatment of DN animal models. However, stem cell therapy still remains certain thorny issues during treatment. For instance, poor engraftment and limited differentiation of stem cells caused by the diabetic microenvironment, differentiation into unwanted cell lineages, and malignant transformation or genetic aberrations of stem cells. At present, various researches on the therapeutic effects of stem cells in DN with different opinions are reported and the specific mechanism of stem cells is still unclear. We review here the potential mechanism of stem cells as new therapeutic agents in the treatment of DN. Also, we review recent findings and updated information about not only the utilization of stem cells on DN in both preclinical and clinical trials but limitations and future expectations of stem cell-based therapy for DN.

scholarly journals Adipose-derived Stem Cells Stimulated with n-Butylidenephthalide Exhibit Therapeutic Effects in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Chi ◽  
Ru-Huei Fu ◽  
Yu-Chuen Huang ◽  
Shih-Yin Chen ◽  
Ching-Ju Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Dopaminergic Cell ◽  
Cell Therapies

Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes motor dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death. Drug treatments can effectively reduce symptoms but often cause unwanted side effects. Stem cell therapies using cell replacement or indirect beneficial secretomes have recently emerged as potential therapeutic strategies. Although various types of stem cells have been proposed as possible candidates, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are easily obtainable, more abundant, less ethically disputed, and able to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. However, treatment of PD using adult stem cells is known to be less efficacious than neuron or embryonic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, improved therapies are urgently needed. n-Butylidenephthalide (BP), which is extracted from Angelica sinensis, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Indeed, we previously demonstrated that BP treatment of ADSCs enhances the expression of neurogenesis and homing factors such as nuclear receptor related 1 protein, stromal-derived factor 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In the present study, we examined the ability of BP-pretreated ADSC transplantation to improve PD motor symptoms and protect dopamine neurons in a mouse model of PD. We evaluated the results using neuronal behavior tests such as beam walking, rotarod, and locomotor activity tests. ADSCs with or without BP pretreatment were transplanted into the striatum. Our findings demonstrated that ADSC transplantation improved motor abilities with varied efficacies and that BP stimulation improved the therapeutic effects of transplantation. Dopaminergic cell numbers returned to normal in ADSC-transplanted mice after 22 d. In summary, stimulating ADSCs with BP improved PD recovery efficiency. Thus, our results provide important new strategies to improve stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases in future studies.

scholarly journals Prospects of mesenchymal stem cells in veterinary regenerative medicine and drug development

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Vikash Chandra ◽  
Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo ◽  
Amarpal ◽  
G. Taru Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Individual Development

Stem cells are wonder cells that function silently in an individual to grow and/to regenerate. There are various stem cell types; some especially embryonic stem cells (ESCs) favor individual development while more advanced cells like adult stem cells play mostly repair and tissue matrix secretion role. Among various adult stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells play an important role to maintain tissue homeostasis. These cells are available in almost all the tissue types and exhibit features similar to the ESCs. These cells are immunoevasive, immune modulatory, and/anti-inflammatory, and bear properties of self-renewal (although limited), multiplication, and differentiation. In addition, these cells are able to migrate and home-in to the distant tissues. All these features make these cells potential candidates for therapeutic applications and drug development. There are various studies that have favored their role in therapeutics and drug development, although more studies and further insights are desired to make stem cell therapy a definitive therapeutic option.

scholarly journals LIF-independent JAK signalling to chromatin in embryonic stem cells uncovered from an adult stem cell disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean S. Griffiths ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Mark A. Dawson ◽  
Matthew W. B. Trotter ◽  
Yi-Han Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Disease
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