scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Receptor Is Essential for Larval Epithelial Apoptosis and Adult Epithelial Stem Cell Development but Not Adult Intestinal Morphogenesis during Xenopus tropicalis Metamorphosis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Yuki Shibata ◽  
Yuta Tanizaki ◽  
Hongen Zhang ◽  
Hangnoh Lee ◽  
Mary Dasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Xenopus Tropicalis ◽  
Epithelial Cell Death

Vertebrate postembryonic development is regulated by thyroid hormone (T3). Of particular interest is anuran metamorphosis, which offers several unique advantages for studying the role of T3 and its two nuclear receptor genes, TRα and TRβ, during postembryonic development. We have recently generated TR double knockout (TRDKO) Xenopus tropicalis animals and reported that TR is essential for the completion of metamorphosis. Furthermore, TRDKO tadpoles are stalled at the climax of metamorphosis before eventual death. Here we show that TRDKO intestine lacked larval epithelial cell death and adult stem cell formation/proliferation during natural metamorphosis. Interestingly, TRDKO tadpole intestine had premature formation of adult-like epithelial folds and muscle development. In addition, T3 treatment of premetamorphic TRDKO tadpoles failed to induce any metamorphic changes in the intestine. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed that TRDKO altered the expression of many genes in biological pathways such as Wnt signaling and the cell cycle that likely underlay the inhibition of larval epithelial cell death and adult stem cell development caused by removing both TR genes. Our data suggest that liganded TR is required for larval epithelial cell degeneration and adult stem cell formation, whereas unliganded TR prevents precocious adult tissue morphogenesis such as smooth-muscle development and epithelial folding.

scholarly journals Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Induces Apoptosis through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Lung Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Mi Ho Jeong ◽  
Mi Seon Jeon ◽  
Ga Eun Kim ◽  
Ha Ryong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Polyhexamethylene Guanidine ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Cell Death ◽  
Guanidine Phosphate

Airway epithelial cell death contributes to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), commonly used as a disinfectant, has been shown to be strongly associated with lung fibrosis in epidemiological and toxicological studies. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PHMG-p-induced epithelial cell death is currently unclear. We synthesized a PHMG-p–fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate and assessed its uptake into lung epithelial A549 cells. To examine intracellular localization, the cells were treated with PHMG-p–FITC; then, the cytoplasmic organelles were counterstained and observed with confocal microscopy. Additionally, the organelle-specific cell death pathway was investigated in cells treated with PHMG-p. PHMG-p–FITC co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and PHMG-p induced ER stress in A549 cells and mice. The ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was used as a pre-treatment to verify the role of ER stress in PHMG-p-induced cytotoxicity. The cells treated with PHMG-p showed apoptosis, which was inhibited by TUDCA. Our results indicate that PHMG-p is rapidly located in the ER and causes ER-stress-mediated apoptosis, which is an initial step in PHMG-p-induced lung fibrosis.

scholarly journals Sirtuin 1 Promotes Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Epithelial Cell Death Independent of NF-E2–Related Factor 2 Activation

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haranatha R. Potteti ◽  
Subbiah Rajasekaran ◽  
Senthilkumar B. Rajamohan ◽  
Chandramohan R. Tamatam ◽  
Narsa M. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cell ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Cell Death

Mechanisms of Bile Acid-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Cell Death

2014 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. S14-S15
Author(s):  
Anne S. Roberts ◽  
Stephanie C. Papillon ◽  
Avafia Y. Roberts ◽  
Mark R. Frey ◽  
Henri R. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Cell Death

scholarly journals Loss of Rab6a in the small intestine causes lipid accumulation and epithelial cell death from lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 9450-9465
Author(s):  
Ayano Iwaki ◽  
Kenta Moriwaki ◽  
Tomoaki Sobajima ◽  
Manabu Taniguchi ◽  
Shin‐ichiro Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Epithelial Cell Death
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