scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study of the Retinal Phenotype of Rpe65-Deficient Dogs

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Matthew J Annear ◽  
Freya M Mowat ◽  
Laurence M Occelli ◽  
Alexander J Smith ◽  
Paul G Curran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Dog Model ◽  
Area Centralis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lower Light ◽  
Retinal Thinning

The Rpe65-deficient dog has been important for development of translational therapies of Leber congenital amaurosis type 2 (LCA2). The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive report of the natural history of retinal changes in this dog model. Rpe65-deficient dogs from 2 months to 10 years of age were assessed by fundus imaging, electroretinography (ERG) and vision testing (VT). Changes in retinal layer thickness were assessed by optical coherence tomography and on plastic retinal sections. ERG showed marked loss of retinal sensitivity, with amplitudes declining with age. Retinal thinning initially developed in the area centralis, with a slower thinning of the outer retina in other areas starting with the inferior retina. VT showed that dogs of all ages performed well in bright light, while at lower light levels they were blind. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) inclusions developed and in younger dogs and increased in size with age. The loss of photoreceptors was mirrored by a decline in ERG amplitudes. The slow degeneration meant that sufficient photoreceptors, albeit very desensitized, remained to allow for residual bright light vision in older dogs. This study shows the natural history of the Rpe65-deficient dog model of LCA2.

Presumed Natural History of Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRRPE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Ledesma-Gil ◽  
Juliet Essilfie ◽  
Rajan Gupta ◽  
Adrian T. Fung ◽  
Marco Lupidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
History Of

Neuroretinal atrophy following resolution of macular oedema in retinal vein occlusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Podkowinski ◽  
Ana-Maria Philip ◽  
Wolf-Dieter Vogl ◽  
Jutta Gamper ◽  
Hrvoje Bogunovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Macular Oedema ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Atrophy ◽  
Retinal Thinning

Background/aimsTo characterise neuroretinal atrophy in retinal vein occlusion (RVO).MethodsWe included patients with central/branch RVO (CRVO=196, BRVO=107) who received ranibizumab according to a standardised protocol for 6 months. Retinal atrophy was defined as the presence of an area of retinal thickness (RT) <260 µm outside the foveal centre. Moreover, the thickness of three distinct retinal layer compartments was computed as follows: (1) retinal nerve fibre layer to ganglion cell layer, (2) inner plexiform layer (IPL) to outer nuclear layer (ONL) and (3) inner segment/outer segment junction to retinal pigment epithelium. To characterise atrophy further, we assessed perfusion status on fluorescein angiography and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and compared these between eyes with/without atrophy.Results23 patients with CRVO and 11 patients with BRVO demonstrated retinal atrophy, presenting as sharply demarcated retinal thinning confined to a macular quadrant. The mean RT in the atrophic quadrant at month 6 was 249±26 µm (CRVO) and 244±29 µm (BRVO). Individual layer analysis revealed pronounced thinning in the IPL to ONL compartment. Change in BCVA at 6 months was similar between the groups (BRVO, +15 vs +18 letters; CRVO, +14 vs +18 letters).ConclusionsIn this exploratory analysis, we describe the characteristics of neuroretinal atrophy in RVO eyes with resolved macular oedema after ranibizumab therapy. Our analysis shows significant, predominantly retinal thinning in the IPL to ONL compartment in focal macular areas in 11% of patients with RVO. Eyes with retinal atrophy did not show poorer BCVA outcomes.

Natural History of Serous Detachments of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis A. Meredith ◽  
Richard E. Braley ◽  
Thomas M. Aaberg
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
History Of

How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rakoczy
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
Moral Stance

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.

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