scholarly journals Chronic Inflammation and Radiation-Induced Cystitis: Molecular Background and Therapeutic Perspectives

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Carole Helissey ◽  
Sophie Cavallero ◽  
Clément Brossard ◽  
Marie Dusaud ◽  
Cyrus Chargari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Radiation Cystitis ◽  
Fibrotic Process ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Therapeutic Irradiation ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

Radiation cystitis is a potential complication following the therapeutic irradiation of pelvic cancers. Its clinical management remains unclear, and few preclinical data are available on its underlying pathophysiology. The therapeutic strategy is difficult to establish because few prospective and randomized trials are available. In this review, we report on the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of radiation cystitis. Then we discuss potential therapeutic approaches, with a focus on the immunopathological processes underlying the onset of radiation cystitis, including the fibrotic process. Potential therapeutic avenues for therapeutic modulation will be highlighted, with a focus on the interaction between mesenchymal stromal cells and macrophages for the prevention and treatment of radiation cystitis.

Alteraciones sistémicas y metabólicas producidas por lesión medular

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Gabriel Guízar Sahagún
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

Besides the well-known loss of motor and sensory capabilities, people with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience a broad range of systemic and metabolic abnormalities including, among others, dysfunction of cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and endocrine systems. These alterations are a significant challenge for patients with SCI because such disorders severely interfere with their daily living and can be potentially life-threatening. Most of these disorders are associated with impairment of regulation of the autonomic nervous system, arising from disruption of connections between higher brain centers and the spinal cord caudal to the injured zone. Thus, the higher and more complete the lesion, the greater the autonomic dysfunction and the severity of complications.This article summarizes the medical scientific literature on key systemic and metabolic alterations derived of SCI. It provides information primarily focused on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these disorders, as well as some guides to prevent and alleviate such complications. Due to the impact of these alterations, this topic must be a priority and diffuse to those involved with the care of people with SCI, including the patient himself/herself. We consider that any collaborative effort should be supported, like the development of international standards, to evaluate autonomic function after SCI, as well as the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

Schwannomas of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Wanamaker ◽  
Hayes H. Wanamaker ◽  
Bernard Kotton ◽  
Greg D. Akers ◽  
Pierre Lavertu
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Nose And Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up

Schwannomas are benign neoplasms arising from the peripheral nerve sheath. The sinonasal tract is an unusual location for these neoplasms. Because of their rarity, few series have been reported. Five previously unreported cases of schwannomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses are presented that illustrate the spectrum of disease. The clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, clinical course, and diverse therapeutic approaches will be discussed. A management philosophy based on the diversity of these tumors and their clinical behavior, and incorporating the new diagnostic and therapeutic tools available to the clinician will be presented. The implications of newer diagnostic techniques including sinonasal endoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and immuno-chemistry in the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors will be discussed.

scholarly journals Treatment of infant leukemias: challenge and promise

Hematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 596-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Brown
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Unique Biology ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Epidemiologic Features ◽  
Infant Leukemia

Abstract Leukemia in infants is rare but generates tremendous interest due to its aggressive clinical presentation in a uniquely vulnerable host, its poor response to current therapies, and its unique biology that is increasingly pointing the way toward novel therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the key clinical, pathologic, and epidemiologic features of infant leukemia, including the high frequency of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements. The state of the art with regard to current approaches to risk stratified treatment of infant leukemia in the major international cooperative groups is discussed. Finally, exciting recent discoveries elucidating the molecular biology of infant leukemia are reviewed and novel targeted therapeutic strategies, including FLT3 inhibition and modulation of aberrant epigenetic programs, are suggested.

Treatment of acute limb ischemia with focus on endovascular techniques

VASA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeller ◽  
Tepe
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Acute Limb Ischemia ◽  
Endovascular Techniques ◽  
Local Lysis

Acute limb ischemia is still the most frequent cause of major limb loss. Timely and fast revascularization is the key for limb salvage and patient survival. Large randomized trials showed equivalency of surgical and endovascular revascularization by means of local lysis with urokinase (TOPAS, STILE). New lytic agents and their modified application such as via a pulse spray catheter or combined with an ultrasound catheter and the combination with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists have increased the efficacy and speed of thrombolysis. Recently, mechanical thrombectomy devices have become more widespread because intervention time and bleeding complications can be reduced. This review article summarizes the clinical presentation of and the treatment options for acute arterial occlusive disease caused either by embolism or local thrombosis.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Latest Trends in Isolation, Content Optimization and Delivery Avenues

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1802
Author(s):  
Elena Munoz-Perez ◽  
Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana ◽  
Manoli Igartua ◽  
Edorta Santos-Vizcaino ◽  
Rosa Maria Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Considering the high prevalence and the complex pharmacological management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), the search for new therapeutic approaches for their treatment is vital. Although the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied as a potential therapy in this field, direct MSC implantation presents some limitations that could slow down the clinical translation. Since the beneficial effects of MSCs have been mainly attributed to their ability to secrete a plethora of bioactive factors, their secretome has been proposed as a new and promising pathway for the treatment of IMIDs. Formed from soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), the MSC-derived secretome has been proven to elicit immunomodulatory effects that control the inflammatory processes that occur in IMIDs. This article aims to review the available knowledge on the MSC secretome, evaluating the advances in this field in terms of its composition, production and application, as well as analyzing the pending challenges in the field. Moreover, the latest research involving secretome administration in IMIDs is discussed to provide an updated state-of-the-art for this field. Finally, novel secretome delivery alternatives are reviewed, paying special attention to hydrogel encapsulation as one of the most convenient and promising strategies.

scholarly journals New perspectives on the treatment of skeletal dysplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882090401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Marzin ◽  
Valérie Cormier-Daire
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Dysplasia ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Morquio A ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

The last few decades have been marked by the identification of numerous genes implicated in genetic disorders, helping in the elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology of these conditions. This has allowed new therapeutic approaches to emerge such as cellular therapy, gene therapy, or pharmacological therapy for various conditions. Skeletal dysplasias are good models to illustrate these scientific advances. Indeed, several therapeutic strategies are currently being investigated in osteogenesis imperfecta; there are ongoing clinical trials based on pharmacological approaches, targeting signaling pathways in achondroplasia and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva or the endoplasmic reticulum stress in metaphyseal dysplasia type Schmid or pseudoachondroplasia. Moreover, the treatment of hypophosphatasia or Morquio A disease illustrates the efficacy of enzyme drug replacement. To provide a highly specialized multidisciplinary approach, these treatments are managed by reference centers. The emergence of treatments in skeletal dysplasia provides new perspectives on the prognosis of these severe conditions and may change prenatal counseling in these diseases over the coming years.

scholarly journals Potential of Exosomes for the Treatment of Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Bin Hong ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Anatol Manaenko ◽  
Jianfei Lu ◽  
Qiyong Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Neurovascular Remodeling ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Delivery Approach

Stroke is the result of blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain and is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Currently only a very limited number of therapeutic approaches are available for treatment of stroke patients, and the vast majority of neuroprotective agents that tested positively in pre-clinical studies failed in clinical trials. In recent years, the clinical value of the use of exosomes for stroke treatment has received widespread attention due their unique characteristics such as low immunogenicity, low toxicity and biodegradability, ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and their important role in communication between cells. More and more evidence suggests that the secretion of exosomes is the mechanism underlying the protection induced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) after stroke. Exosomes are thought to support brain restoration and induce repairing effects, including neurovascular remodeling, and anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent reports have focused on the clinical application of exosomes as a potential drug delivery approach. This review focuses on the ability of exosomes to interrupt the stroke-induced pathologic processes of stroke, and on publications describing how to achieve more effective treatment of stroke with exosomes.

scholarly journals Targeting STAT3 in Cancer Immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailan Zou ◽  
Qiyu Tong ◽  
Bowen Liu ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Yan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling Pathways ◽  
Transcription 3 ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Abstract As a point of convergence for numerous oncogenic signaling pathways, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is central in regulating the anti-tumor immune response. STAT3 is broadly hyperactivated both in cancer and non-cancerous cells within the tumor ecosystem and plays important roles in inhibiting the expression of crucial immune activation regulators and promoting the production of immunosuppressive factors. Therefore, targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for numerous cancers. In this review, we outline the importance of STAT3 signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and its immune regulation, and highlight the current status for the development of STAT3-targeting therapeutic approaches. We also summarize and discuss recent advances in STAT3-based combination immunotherapy in detail. These endeavors provide new insights into the translational application of STAT3 in cancer and may contribute to the promotion of more effective treatments toward malignancies.

scholarly journals Cyclic pulsation stress promotes bone formation of tissue engineered laminae through the F-actin/YAP-1/β-Catenin signaling axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linli Li ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Yiqun He ◽  
Han Tang ◽  
Jian Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Blood Vessel Formation ◽  
Vessel Formation ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
Fluid Pulsation ◽  
Spinal Degeneration

AbstractMechanical loads are fundamental regulators of bone formation and remodeling. However, the molecular regulation of mechanotransduction during vertebral laminae regeneration remains poorly understood. Here, we found that cerebrospinal fluid pulsation (CSFP) stress—cyclic pulsation stress—could promote the osteogenic and angiogenic abilities of rat mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), thereby promoting tissue-engineered laminae’s bone and blood vessel formation. In the process, F-actin relayed CSFP stress to promote the nuclear translocation of YAP1, which then decreased the degradation and promoted the nuclear translocation of β-Catenin. In turn, the nuclear translocation of β-Catenin promoted the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic abilities of MSC, thereby promoting tissue-engineered laminae’s bone and blood vessel formation. Thus, we conclude that CSFP promotes the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of tissue-engineered laminae through the F-actin/YAP-1/β-Catenin signaling axis. This study advances our understanding of vertebral laminae regeneration and provides potential therapeutic approaches for spinal degeneration after spinal laminectomy.

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