scholarly journals Microstructural Characteristics of Vehicle-Aged Heavy-Duty Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and Natural Gas Three-Way Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Kanerva ◽  
Mari Honkanen ◽  
Tanja Kolli ◽  
Olli Heikkinen ◽  
Kauko Kallinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ageing Effects ◽  
Diesel Oxidation

Techniques to control vehicle engine emissions have been under increasing need for development during the last few years in the more and more strictly regulated society. In this study, vehicle-aged heavy-duty catalysts from diesel and natural gas engines were analyzed using a cross-sectional electron microscopy method with both a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope. Also, additional supporting characterization methods including X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and catalytic performance analyses were used to reveal the ageing effects. Structural and elemental investigations were performed on these samples, and the effect of real-life ageing of the catalyst was studied in comparison with fresh catalyst samples. In the real-life use of two different catalysts, the poison penetration varied greatly depending on the engine and fuel at hand: the diesel oxidation catalyst appeared to suffer more thorough changes than the natural gas catalyst, which was affected only in the inlet part of the catalyst. The most common poison, sulphur, in the diesel oxidation catalyst was connected to cerium-rich areas. On the other hand, the severities of the ageing effects were more pronounced in the natural gas catalyst, with heavy structural changes in the washcoat and high concentrations of poisons, mainly zinc, phosphorus and silicon, on the surface of the inlet part.

scholarly journals Evaluation of NO Oxidation Properties over a Mn-Ce/γ-Al2O3Catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Pan Wang ◽  
Peng Luo ◽  
Junchen Yin ◽  
Lili Lei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
No Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Properties

With the purpose of studying the effect of diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) on the NO oxidation activity, a series ofxMn10Ce/γ-Al2O3(x= 4, 6, 8, and 10) catalysts were synthesized by acid-aided sol-gel method. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Result showed that the crystalline size of MnOxand CeO2ranges from 5 nm to 30 nm and manganese existed mainly in the catalysts in the form of manganese dioxide. Moreover, NO oxidation experiments were carried out to evaluate the activity of the catalysts; according to the results, 6Mn10Ce/γ-Al2O3catalyst showed the supreme NO oxidation activity with a NO to NO2conversion rate of 83.5% at 300°C. Compared to 500 ppm NO inlet concentration, the NO conversion was higher than that of 750 and 1000 ppm NO over 6Mn10Ce/γ-Al2O3catalyst in the temperature range of 150–300°C.

The Effect of Pt:Pd Ratio on Heavy-Duty Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance: An Experimental and Modeling Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1271-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijesh M. Shakya ◽  
Balaji Sukumar ◽  
Yaritza M. López-De Jesús ◽  
Penelope Markatou
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Modeling Study

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Trace Elements in FAME Biodiesel on Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Activity after Full Lifetime of Operation in A Heavy-Duty Truck

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Jonas Granestrand ◽  
Rodrigo Suárez París ◽  
Marita Nilsson ◽  
Francesco Regali ◽  
Lars Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Truck ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Element Removal

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel contains some trace amounts of Na, K, P, Ca, and Mg. Our objective was to investigate whether the presence of such elements can poison a diesel oxidation catalyst that has been used for an entire regulatory lifetime in a heavy-duty truck fueled by FAME biodiesel. The investigated vehicle-aged catalyst contained high loadings of S, P, and Na, as well as a visible layer of soot. Activity in the NO oxidation reaction was severely decreased compared to a fresh catalyst of the same type, while the CO and C3H6 oxidation reactions were less affected. Subsequent selective trace element removal procedures, followed by activity tests, were used to decouple the effect of different poisons. Sintering was observed to be the main cause of catalyst deactivation. Of the trace elements present on the catalyst, P had the greatest effect on catalyst activity, while the other trace elements had little effect.

Performance Degradation and Poison Build-Up of an Oxidation Catalyst in Two-Stroke Natural Gas Engine Exhaust

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc E. Baumgardner ◽  
Daniel B. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Carry Over

Due to current and future exhaust emissions regulations, oxidation catalysts are increasingly being added to the exhaust streams of large-bore, two-stroke, natural gas engines. Such catalysts have a limited operational lifetime, primarily due to chemical (i.e., catalyst poisoning) and mechanical fouling resulting from the carry-over of lubrication oil from the cylinders. It is critical for users and catalyst developers to understand the nature and rate of catalyst deactivation under these circumstances. This study examines the degradation of an exhaust oxidation catalyst on a large-bore, two-stroke, lean-burn, natural gas field engine over the course of 2 years. Specifically, this work examines the process by which the catalyst was aged and tested and presents a timeline of catalyst degradation under commercially relevant circumstances. The catalyst was aged in the field for 2-month intervals in the exhaust slipstream of a GMVH-12 engine and intermittently brought back to Colorado State University for both engine testing and catalyst surface analysis. Engine testing consisted of measuring catalyst reduction efficiency as a function of temperature as well as the determination of the light-off temperature for several exhaust components. The catalyst surface was analyzed via scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques to examine the location and rate of poison deposition. After 2 years online, the catalyst light-off temperature had increased ∼55 °F (31 °C) and ∼34 wt % poisons (S, P, Zn) were built up on the catalyst surface, both of which represent significant catalyst deactivation.

210 A Study of diesel oxidation catalyst for heavy-duty diesel vehicles : Construction of Quasi-2 dimension DOC model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012.51 (0) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
Gen NAKAMURA ◽  
Jin KUSAKA ◽  
Nobuhiko MASAKI ◽  
Kiminobu HIRATA ◽  
Tatsuji MIYATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Doc Model

Development of Ultra-Low Synergized PGM as Diesel Oxidation Catalyst for Heavy-Duty Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Nazarpoor ◽  
Steve Golden ◽  
Maxime Launois ◽  
Sen Kitazumi ◽  
Dianyong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Oxidation
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