scholarly journals Effect of Fe2O3–ZrO2 Catalyst Morphology on Sulfamethazine Degradation in the Fenton-Like Reaction

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Gao ◽  
Mengjie Hao ◽  
Yue He ◽  
Yuan Song ◽  
Shaoxia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Catalyst Morphology ◽  
Zro2 Catalyst ◽  
Oxidative Species

Fe2O3–ZrO2 catalysts with different morphologies (nanoplates (HZNPs), nanorods (HZNRs), nanocubes (HZNCs), and nanotubes (HZNTs)) were prepared by a hydrothermal method to investigate the effect of the morphology on the catalytic performance in the Fenton-like reaction for sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation. The Fe2O3–ZrO2 catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The H2O2 adsorption and the Fe2+ density sites on the Fe2O3–ZrO2 catalysts had a close relationship with the morphologies and exhibited an important effect on the ·OH formation in the Fenton-like reaction. Free ·OH radicals were the main oxidative species in the reaction, and the normalized ·OH concentration per surface area of the catalysts was 4.52, 2.24, 2.20, and 0.37 μmol/m2 for HZNPs, HZNRs, HZNCs, and HZNTs, respectively. The Fe2O3–ZrO2 catalysts with different morphologies showed good catalytic performance, and the order of SMT degradation was HZNPs > HZNRs > HZNCs > HZNTs. Total SMT removal was achieved in the Fenton-like reaction over HZNPs at pH 3.0 and 45 °C after 240 min.

scholarly journals Preparation and Photocatalytic Performances of WO3/TiO2 Composite Nanofibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xiuping Han ◽  
Binghua Yao ◽  
Keying Li ◽  
Wenjing Zhu ◽  
Xuyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Photogenerated Electron ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Active Species ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Electron Holes

The use of sunlight for photocatalytic oxidation is an ideal strategy, but it is limited by factors such as insufficient light absorption intensity of the photocatalyst and easy recombination of photogenerated electron holes. TiO2 is favored by researchers as an environment-friendly catalyst. In this paper, TiO2 is combined with WO3 to obtain a nanofiber with excellent catalytic performance under sunlight. The WO3/TiO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized by using the electrospinning method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that WO3 was successfully integrated onto the surface of TiO2. The photodegradation performance and photocurrent analysis of the prepared nanofibers showed that the addition of WO3 really improved the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanofibers, methylene blue (MB) degradation rate increased from 72% to 96%, and 5% was the optimal composite mole percentage of W to Ti. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis further characterized the properties of 5% WO3/TiO2 nanofibers. The H2 generation rate of 5% WO3/TiO2 nanofibers was 107.15 μmol·g−1·h−1, in comparison with that of TiO2 nanofibers (73.21 μmol·g−1·h−1) under the same condition. The 5% WO3/TiO2 produced ·OH under illumination, which played an important role in the MB degradation. Also, the enhanced photocatalytic mechanism was also proposed based on the detailed analysis of the band gap and the active species trapping experiment. The results indicated that the effective separation of Z-scheme photogenerated electron-hole pairs and transfer system constructed between TiO2 and WO3 endowed the excellent photocatalytic activity of 5% WO3/TiO2 nanofibers.

scholarly journals Generalized Methodology for Inserting Metal Heteroatoms into the Layered Zeolite Precursor RUB-36 by Interlayer Expansion

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Bian ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Lan Yu ◽  
Fen Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zeolite Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
First Time ◽  
N2 Sorption

The incorporation of metal heteroatoms into zeolites is an effective modification strategy for enhancing their catalytic performance. Herein, for the first time we report a generalized methodology for inserting metal heteroatoms (such as Sn, Fe, Zn, and Co) into the layered zeolite precursor RUB-36 via interlayer expansion by using the corresponding metal acetylacetate salt. Through this generalized methodology, Sn-JHP-1, Fe-JHP-1, Zn-JHP-1 and Co-JHP-1 zeolites could be successfully prepared by the reaction of RUB-36 and corresponding metal acetylacetate salt at 180 °C for 24 h in the presence of HCl solution. As a typical example, Sn-JHP-1 and calcined Sn-JHP-1 (Sn-JHP-2) zeolite is well characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), N2 sorption, temperature-programmed-desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques, which confirm the expansion of adjacent interlayers and thus the incorporation of isolated Sn sites within the zeolite structure. Notably, the obtained Sn-JHP-2 zeolite sample shows enhanced catalytic performance in the conversion of glucose to levulinic acid (LA) reaction.

scholarly journals Fe-Containing MOFs as Seeds for the Preparation of Highly Active Fe/Al-SBA-15 Catalysts in the NAlkylation of Aniline

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhadmhan ◽  
Marquez-Medina ◽  
Romero ◽  
Reubroycharoen ◽  
Luque
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

We have successfully incorporated iron species into mesoporous aluminosilicates (AlSBA15) using a simple mechanochemical milling method. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), pyridine (PY) and 2,6-dimethylpyridine (DMPY) pulse chromatography titration, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The catalysts were tested in the N-alkylation reaction of aniline with benzyl alcohol for imine production. According to the results, the iron sources, acidity of catalyst and reaction conditions were important factors influencing the reaction. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance, achieving 97% of aniline conversion and 96% of imine selectivity under optimized conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Y Modified Ceria Support in Mono and Bimetallic Pd–Au Catalysts for Complete Benzene Oxidation

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyuba Ilieva ◽  
Anna Venezia ◽  
Petya Petrova ◽  
Giuseppe Pantaleo ◽  
Leonarda Liotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Benzene Oxidation ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Pd Catalysts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Ceria Support ◽  
Co Precipitation

Mono metallic and bimetallic Pd (1 wt. %)–Au (3 wt. %) catalysts were prepared using two ceria supports doped with 1 wt. % Y2O3. Yttrium was added by impregnation or co-precipitation. The catalyst synthesis was carried out by deposition–precipitation method, with sequential deposition–precipitation of palladium over previously loaded gold in the case of the bimetallic samples. The obtained materials, characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) techniques, were tested in the complete benzene oxidation (CBO). The results of the characterization analyses and the catalytic performance pointed to a close relationship between structural, redox, and catalytic properties of mono and bimetallic catalysts. Among the monometallic systems, Pd catalysts were more active as compared to the corresponding Au catalysts. The bimetallic systems exhibited the best combustion activity. In particular, over Pd–Au supported on Y-impregnated ceria, 100% of benzene conversion towards total oxidation at the temperature of 150 °C was obtained. Comparison of surface sensitive XPS results of fresh and spent catalysts ascertained the redox character of the reaction.

scholarly journals Preparation of g-C3N4/MoS2 Composite Material and Its Visible Light Catalytic Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fan ◽  
Yan-ning Yang ◽  
Chen Ding
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Photogenerated Electron ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Calcination Method

Abstract The g-C3N4 nanosheet was prepared by calcination method, the MoS2 nanosheet was prepared by hydrothermal method. The g-C3N4/MoS2 composites were prepared by ultrasonic composite in anhydrous ethanol. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and photoluminescence (PL) techniques were used to characterize the materials. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) by g-C3N4/MoS2 composites with different mass ratios was investigated under visible light. The results show that a small amount of MoS2 combined with g-C3N4 can significantly improve photocatalytic activity. The g-C3N4/MoS2 composite with a mass ratio of 1:8 has the highest photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate of Rh B increases from 50% to 99.6%. The main reason is that MoS2 and g-C3N4 have a matching band structure. The separation rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs is enhanced. So the g-C3N4/MoS2 composite can improve the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic mechanism was proposed through the active matter capture experiment.

scholarly journals Promising Cr-Doped ZnO Nanorods for Photocatalytic Degradation Facing Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Fatemah. H. Alkallas ◽  
Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi ◽  
Ramzi Nasser ◽  
Susana Fernandez ◽  
Ji-Ming Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Interstitial Oxygen ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Kinetic Rate Constant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Chromium (Cr)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods with wurtzite hexagonal structure were prepared through a thermal decomposition technique. The concentration effect of the Cr doping on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the ZnO nanorods was established by correlating various measurements: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and several UV-visible studies. The obtained nanorods were investigated as photocatalysts for the photodegradation process of methyl orange (MO), under UV-vis light illumination. Different weights and time intervals were studied. A 99.8% photodegradation of MO was obtained after 100 min in the presence of 1 wt.% Cr III acetate hydroxide and zinc acetate dehydrate “ZnO-Cr1”. The kinetic rate constant of the reaction was found to be equal to 4.451 × 10−2 min−1 via a pseudo-first order rate model. Scavenger radicals demonstrated the domination of OH• radicals by those of O2•− superoxide species during the photodegradation. The interstitial oxygen site Oi is proposed to play a key role in the generation of holes in the valence band under visible irradiation. The ZnO-Cr1 photocatalyst displayed good cycling stability and reusability.

scholarly journals Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of Tb-Doped CdSe Nanoparticles: Synergistic Effect between Photocatalysis and Sonocatalysis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Younes Hanifehpour ◽  
Narges Nozad Ashan ◽  
Ali Reza Amani-Ghadim ◽  
Sang Woo Joo
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Cdse Nanoparticles ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oxidative Species

In this study, Tb-doped CdSe nanoparticles with variable Tb3+ content were synthesized by a simple sonochemical technique. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sono-photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared specimens were assessed for the degradation of Reactive Black 5. The experimental results show that the sono-photocatalytic process (85.25%) produced a higher degradation percentage than the individual sono- (22%) and photocatalytic degradation (8%) processes for an initial dye concentration and Tb-doped CdSe dosage of 20 mg/L and 1 g/L, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to assess model and optimize the impacts of the operational parameters, namely, the Tb3+ content, initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, and time. The addition of benzoquinone results in remarkably inhibited degradation and the addition of ammonium oxalate reduced the removal percentage to 24%. Superoxide radicals and photogenerated holes were detected as the main oxidative species.

scholarly journals The three-dimensional flower-like Bi 2 WO 6 assisted by ethanolamine through a microwave method for efficient photocatalytic activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181422
Author(s):  
Xingchen Liu ◽  
SuZhen Wang ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Han Shi ◽  
Xiaolong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
Photocatalytic Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
One Step

The three-dimensional flower-like Bi 2 WO 6 was synthesized through a one-step microwave method (the reaction temperature was 434 K and the reaction took 10 min) with the assistance of ethanolamine (EA). The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, PL, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. Methyl orange was used as target pollutant to evaluate the photocatalysis property of samples. Furthermore, the influence of the mechanism of EA on the structure and catalytic performance of Bi 2 WO 6 was discussed. The detailed characterizations revealed that the three-dimensional flower-like Bi 2 WO 6 was successfully synthesized with the assistance of EA. The results confirmed that EA significantly influenced the morphology of Bi 2 WO 6 products. The addition of EA can effectively alter the pressure of the reaction and improve the crystal phase and structure of Bi 2 WO 6 photocatalysts, enhancing the photocatalytic activity of samples and improving the photocatalytic efficiency. EA can serve as an assembling agent and structure-directing agent resulting in the formation of flower-like architectures. With the increase of the amount of EA, the as-prepared Bi 2 WO 6 sample gradually forms a flower-like structure, leading to a shorter time of light holes migrating to the surface of the catalyst. It makes the compound rate significantly decreased, and improves the photocatalytic efficiency of the sample.

scholarly journals A novel WC–W2C composite synthesis by arc plasma melt cast technique: microstructural and mechanical studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nayak ◽  
T. Dash ◽  
D. Debasish ◽  
B. B. Palei ◽  
T. K. Rout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Cast Technique

AbstractWC–W2C composites of three different compositions have been synthesized from mixture of WC + W (0, 5 and 16 wt% W) by thermal arc plasma melt-cast technique. Various grown phases observed in the composites consisting of major phases of WC and W2C and minor phases of unbound C (graphite) and tungsten (W) were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared studies. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy show polycrystalline nature of composites. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (of X-ray) infers the absence of any impurity in the composite. Almost porous free nature of composites were observed from X-ray micro computed tomography and BET analysis studies. WC–W2C composite (16 wt% W) shows 25% and 21% higher micro hardness (2535 VHN) and Young’s modulus (625 GPa) values than that of pure melt cast WC sample.

scholarly journals The Preparation of Pd/Foam-Ni Electrode and Its Electrocatalytic Hydrodechlorination for Monochlorophenol Isomers

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjing Li ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Chang Ma ◽  
Cong Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Good Catalytic Activity ◽  
Promising Application

Noble metal palladium modified foamed nickel electrode (Pd/foam-Ni) was prepared by electrodeposition method. The fabricated electrode showed better catalytic performance than the Pd/foam-Ni prepared by conventional electroless deposition. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrocatalytic activity of the Pd/Ni was studied for the hydrodechlorination of monochlorophenol isomers. The Pd/Ni exhibited good catalytic activity for 3-chlorophenol (3-CP). Complete decomposition of chlorophenol isomers could be achieved within 2 h, and the hydrodechlorination process conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. It showed a supreme stability after recycling for 5 times. The Pd/Ni exhibited a promising application prospect with high effectiveness and low Pd loading.

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