scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Heteroatom-Doped Nanocarbon for Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongbin Xiong ◽  
Xifei Li ◽  
Linlin Fan ◽  
Zhimin Bai
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts ◽  
Porous Architecture

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is a fundamental process and functions a pivotal role in fuel cells and metal–air batteries. However, the electrochemical performance of these technologies has been still challenged by the high cost, scarcity, and insufficient durability of the traditional Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts. Heteroatom-doped nanocarbon electrocatalysts with competitive activity, enhanced durability, and acceptable cost, have recently attracted increasing interest and hold great promise as substitute for precious-metal catalysts (e.g., Pt and Pt-based materials). More importantly, three-dimensional (3D) porous architecture appears to be necessary for achieving high catalytic ORR activity by providing high specific surface areas with more exposed active sites and large pore volumes for efficient mass transport of reactants to the electrocatalysts. In this review, recent progress on the design, fabrication, and performance of 3D heteroatom-doped nanocarbon catalysts is summarized, aiming to elucidate the effects of heteroatom doping and 3D structure on the ORR performance of nanocarbon catalysts, thus promoting the design of highly active nanocarbon-based ORR electrocatalysts.

scholarly journals Enriched Pyridinic Nitrogen Atoms at Nanoholes of Carbon Nanohorns for Efficient Oxygen Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyung Wee ◽  
Chang Hyo Kim ◽  
Hun-Su Lee ◽  
Go Bong Choi ◽  
Doo-Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Defect Engineering ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Preferential Formation ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts ◽  
Specific Configuration

AbstractNitrogen (N)-doped nanostructured carbons have been actively examined as promising alternatives for precious-metal catalysts in various electrochemical energy generation systems. Herein, an effective approach for synthesizing N-doped single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) with highly electrocatalytic active sites via controlled oxidation followed by N2 plasma is presented. Nanosized holes were created on the conical tips and sidewalls of SWNHs under mild oxidation, and subsequently, the edges of the holes were easily decorated with N atoms. The N atoms were present preferentially in a pyridinic configuration along the edges of the nanosized holes without significant structural change of the SWNHs. The enriched edges decorated with the pyridinic-N atoms at the atomic scale increased the number of active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction, and the inherent spherical three-dimensional feature of the SWNHs provided good electrical conductivity and excellent mass transport. We demonstrated an effective method for promoting the electrocatalytic active sites within N-doped SWNHs by combining defect engineering with the preferential formation of N atoms having a specific configuration.

A strategy to unlock the potential of CrN as a highly active oxygen reduction reaction catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 8575-8585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junming Luo ◽  
Xiaochang Qiao ◽  
Jutao Jin ◽  
Xinlong Tian ◽  
Hongbo Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst

The potential of CrN as highly active ORR catalyst can be unlocked by enhancing its conductivity, enriching its d electrons and enlarging the exposure of active sites.

Graphene–Ni–α-MnO2 and –Cu–α-MnO2 nanowire blends as highly active non-precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (64) ◽  
pp. 7931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy N. Lambert ◽  
Danae J. Davis ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Steven J. Limmer ◽  
Paul G. Kotula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts

Sodium chloride-assisted green synthesis of a 3D Fe–N–C hybrid as a highly active electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 7781-7787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Lin-Bo Huang ◽  
Wen-Jie Jiang ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Yu-Yun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
Highly Active

A three-dimensional hybrid of carbon nanosheets and nanotubes preparedviaa recyclable NaCl-assisted pyrolysis of small molecules exhibits high activity for the ORR.

scholarly journals Two-Dimensional MoS2: Structural Properties, Synthesis Methods, and Regulation Strategies toward Oxygen Reduction

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Hanwen Xu ◽  
Jiawei Zhu ◽  
Qianli Ma ◽  
Jingjing Ma ◽  
Huawei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Compared with three-dimensional (3D) and other materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials with unique properties such as high specific surface area, structurally adjustable band structure, and electromagnetic properties have attracted wide attention. In recent years, great progress has been made for 2D MoS2 in the field of electrocatalysis, and its exposed unsaturated edges are considered to be active sites of electrocatalytic reactions. In this review, we focus on the latest progress of 2D MoS2 in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that has not received much attention. First, the basic properties of 2D MoS2 and its advantages in the ORR are introduced. Then, the synthesis methods of 2D MoS2 are summarized, and specific strategies for optimizing the performance of 2D MoS2 in ORRs, and the challenges and opportunities faced are discussed. Finally, the future of the 2D MoS2-based ORR catalysts is explored.

In situ exsolved Co components on wood ear-derived porous carbon for catalyzing oxygen reduction over a wide pH range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xu ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Xiaoji Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Wide Ph Range ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Carbon Catalysts

Carbon-based catalysts with transition metal active sites hold great promise for electrochemically catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, it is still challenging to fabricate carbon catalysts containing transition metal active...

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