scholarly journals Focus on Materials for Sulfur-Resistant Catalysts in the Reforming of Biofuels

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Patrizia Frontera ◽  
Pier Luigi Antonucci ◽  
Anastasia Macario
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sulfur Poisoning ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sulfur Tolerance ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Renewable Hydrogen

The reforming of biofuels represents a promising technology for low carbon and renewable hydrogen production today. The core of the process is an active and stable catalyst, which can help to improve this technology and its efficiency. With this review, we aim to survey the more relevant literature on heterogeneous catalysts for the reforming of biofuels with improved sulfur tolerance. The review is structured into four main sections. Following the introduction, the fundamental aspects of sulfur poisoning are discussed. In the third section, the basic principles of the reforming of biofuels are reported, and finally, in the fourth section—the core of the review—recent progresses in the development of sulfur resistant catalysts are discussed, distinguishing the role of the metal (noble and non-noble) from that of the support.

Emerging Principles of Practice Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-196
Author(s):  
Austin Michael ◽  
Sarah Carnochan
Keyword(s):  
Human Services ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Service Users ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Principles Of Practice ◽  
Core Practice

Chapter 8 summarizes the core practice research principles identified in Practice Research in the Human Services: A University-Agency Partnership Model. The first set of principles relates to learning from the experiences of others, and includes understanding the context of practice research, the role of persistent communications, and the process of disseminating results. The second set of principles focuses on knowing how to implement practice research by utilizing specialized skills, balancing the dynamics of practice and research, and engaging in collaborative teamwork. The third set of principles relates to managing complexities by coping with the tensions and ongoing change associated with practice research, responding to negative findings, and engaging service users. The last set of principles focuses on the process of sharing practice research with the practitioners who are most able to integrate it into their practice. The chapter concludes with a discussion of rigor, relevance, and theory in practice research.

Types of scientific rationality in aspects of the three paradigm

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Карпин ◽  
V. Karpin ◽  
Живогляд ◽  
R. Zhivoglyad ◽  
Гудкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Future

Since the release of the well-known work of W. Weaver «Science and Complexity» (1948) only V.S. Stepin had taken some significant efforts to develop the doctrine of the three types of systems in nature. In this case, the main achievements of V.S. Stepin in postnonclassic reduced to two fundamental results: violation of the basic principle of T. Kuhn´s contradictions when changing paradigms (V.S. Stepin shows the effect of «investments», when complex systems operate classical and nonclassical rationality simultaneously) and repeated emphasis on the possibility of «change ... the probability of emerging of other (the system) conditions». At the same time, V.S. Stepin in his last works (monographs) identified a particular role of self-organization and self-development in case of complex biosocial systems. All this in theory of chaos and self-organization form 5 basic principles of functioning of complexity (or systems of the third type - STT). In fact, V.S. Stepin laid the foundation for the future (new) philosophy and developed now theory of chaos and self-organization in which humanity moved into the area of uncertainty of living (social in particular) systems completely. However, the rationality of the third type (postnonclassic) requires corrections and additions, as shown in a number of monographs of V.S. Stepin.

scholarly journals Assessing Democracy In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Actu and the Role of Democratic Theory Today

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Anastasia Deligiaouri ◽  
Jane Suiter
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Second Step ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ongoing Project

How can we define democracy today given the continuous changes that modern societies are undergoing? What is the role of a democratic theorist? This paper articulates a threefold argument in responding to these questions by analyzing the term of democracy in vitro, in vivo, and in actu. The first step is to secure a democratic minimum and the core principles of democracy. The second step involves studying democracy as an ongoing project and examining how the principles of this democratic minimum are encoded. In the third step we deploy the basic premises of discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe when evaluating a specific discourse of democracy, as this approach encompasses both discursive and nondiscursive practices. Utilizing this three-level evaluative framework for democratic theory will allow us to not only articulate normative principles but also evaluate them according to their mode of implementation.

scholarly journals A part and yet apart: how third sector visions of carbon reduction are both welcomed and marginalised

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Julian Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
The Third

The role of the third sector in promoting action on carbon reduction is often that of a third party, lobbying and working from the sidelines and occupying ‘green niches’ (Seyfang, 2010) without direct access to levers of power. This article examines how visions of low-carbon futures promoted by third sector actors are both integrated and marginalised at a wider institutional scale. Focusing on efforts to encourage environmental sustainability by organisations within three northern English cities, it highlights how a process of ‘integrative marginalisation’ may be observed, in which radical visions of a low-carbon future are simultaneously embraced and excluded at an institutional scale. Integrative marginalisation displays four salient features: initial welcome and acceptance; relatively small investments of support; the exclusion of substantial changes from mainstream decision making; and the assertion of institutional priorities that limit potential action. Integrative marginalisation thus raises questions about the conditions required to prompt more fundamental change.

scholarly journals Perception, Logic and Plurality of Rational Representations of the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor F. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Logical Rules ◽  
Empirical Material

The article covers such issues as the relevance of the theory of perception as a multi-level information processing, the methodological role of the concept of representation and the relation of neurodynamic structures to subjective experience. The author critically reviews the philosophical presumptions underlying the various concepts of “local rationality,” the core of which is constituted by the belief that large ethnic cultures generate or are based on their own rationality and their own logic. Three statements are successively considered: (a) thinking is based on the inherent rules of rationality, (b) logic is an extract of rationality, and (c) types of rationality are geographically consistent with large ethnocultural communities. Empirical arguments are presented that demonstrate equivocality (if not falsity) of the first two theses. In particular, firstly, it is shown that the genuine rationality of thinking lies not in following the rules that are immanent to it, but in the development of thinking and, more broadly, cognitive operations towards optimization of certain indicators of the cognitive or motor system that are important for survival and adaptation. In addition, this rationality is multivariate, and the choice between variants is often weakly determined or even random. Thus, the first statement turns out to be refuted. Secondly, by reference to the well-known experiments, it is shown that most people do not explicitly follow some declared logical rules in solving even logical or mathematical problems, and yet there is reason to consider their behavior rational. The third thesis, as shown with some limited empirical material, appears to be partially confirmed. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the doubtfulness of the first two theses makes the conclusion that different nations have different logics insufficiently substantiated.

scholarly journals Abdominal aortic aneurysm and its association with duodenal obstruction: aortoduodenal syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 20200040
Author(s):  
Kalind Parashar ◽  
Darshan Gandhi ◽  
Pankaj Nepal ◽  
Joshua Sapire ◽  
Kriti Ahuja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Duodenal Obstruction ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extrinsic Compression ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Proximal small bowel obstruction in the region of the duodenum is an uncommon clinical entity. Our case, which involves obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum due to an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), is even more unusual. A review of the relevant literature regarding duodenal obstruction due to extrinsic compression includes features that differentiate aortoduodenal syndrome from superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Management of these conditions range from conservative to surgical, of which now includes a more recent role of metallic stents in some instances.

scholarly journals The Mimicry Among Us: Intra- and Inter-Personal Mechanisms of Spontaneous Mimicry

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Arnold ◽  
Piotr Winkielman
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Associative Processes ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
The Third ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract This review explores spontaneous mimicry in the context of three questions. The first question concerns the role of spontaneous mimicry in processing conceptual information. The second question concerns the debate whether spontaneous mimicry is driven by simple associative processes or reflects higher-order processes such as goals, intentions, and social context. The third question addresses the implications of these debates for understanding atypical individuals and states. We review relevant literature and argue for a dynamic, context-sensitive role of spontaneous mimicry in social cognition and behavior. We highlight how the modulation of mimicry is often adaptive but also point out some cases of maladaptive modulations that impair an individuals’ engagement in social life.

The Global Insurgency

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Dominant Strategy ◽  
State Building ◽  
Global War On Terror ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global War ◽  
Core Problem

The Pax Americana has produced remarkable political order in Europe and Northeast Asia. For decades, the US has sought to expand this international order into the Middle East. This effort, however, has sparked a backlash against the US, globalisation, and Westernisation. With state elites now largely co-opted into the Pax Americana, opposition takes the form of ‘private’, non-state actors using terrorist methods. The US response to the global insurgency has included counterterrorism and regime change, but state-building has become the dominant strategy. The core problem in state-building, however, is that though the US and its allies seek legitimacy for the states they build, they also aim to appoint local leaders willing to cooperate in the global war on terror and other elements of the Pax Americana. These ‘loyal’ leaders can govern only autocratically in ways that foment further opposition. State-building as counterinsurgency strategy is counter-productive. The first section of this chapter explains the spread of the Pax Americana; the second briefly describes the reaction to this expansion, focusing on the current global insurgency; the third probes the counter-reaction, highlighting the role of state-building; the Conclusion argues that given a choice between expansion or retrenchment, the US should lean towards the latter.

scholarly journals Justice in the Covid-19 era Through the Prism of Judicial Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Victor Gorodovenko ◽  
Oleksandr Bondar ◽  
Larysa Udovyka
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Administration Of Justice

The work is devoted to identifying the main problems in the field of the principle of legal proceedings in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research applies the formal-legal, historical and legal, comparative and modeling methodology. The order and issues to be considered are as follows: in the first section, we will consider the challenges and threats to justice that emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the second section, we will see the judicial experience during the pandemic in the context of the basic principles of the judiciary. In the third section, we examine the application of organizational and procedural principles of the judiciary during the pandemic crisis. In the final fourth section, we will assess the role of international judicial institutions and government bodies in optimizing the administration of justice in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result of the work, emphasizing the vulnerability of the judicial system and justice standards, the authors support the expansion of exchange of experience and cooperation not only at the state level but also at the level of professional communities of judges, in particular with the members and judges of the European Commission for the Effectiveness of Justice, the Advisory Council of European Judges, and the European human rights courts.

scholarly journals En diskusjon om universitetets tredje rolle

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-217
Author(s):  
James Karlsen
Keyword(s):  
Ivory Tower ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Normative Concepts ◽  
Dual Strategy ◽  
Regional Engagement ◽  
Tower Model ◽  
The University

In the last decades, the discourse about universities and their engagement with actors in their host regions has increased. Concepts such as the third mission and the entrepreneurial university aim to describe the engagement between the university and regional actors as a change in the role of the university. In theory, this is described as a transformation of the university. In practice, this is organised as an add-on of a range of different knowledge-transfer and market-oriented activities, which do not interfere with the core activities of teaching and research. These normative concepts have a significant influence on how universities are developing their regional engagement. In a case study from a university in Norway, University of Agder, the study shows a university that gradually is transforming from an ivory tower model towards more regional engagement. However, the transformation is taking time. At present, the university has a dual strategy for its regional engagement. One part is organised as an add-on activity, while the other is organised within the academic core of teaching. In the latter, students are co-creating knowledge together with regional actors. The study demonstrates that it is possible to organise regional engagement as co-creation of knowledge also within the academic core.

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