scholarly journals High-Efficiency Photon-Capturing Capability of Two-Dimensional SnS Nanosheets for Photoelectrochemical Cells

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Huang ◽  
Heechul Woo ◽  
Daseul Lee ◽  
Peinian Wu ◽  
Myungkwan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Cells ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
High Phase

Cost-effective, abundant, and non-toxic SnS nanosheet semiconductors can be used as water-splitting cells. Herein, a photoanode based on high-purity and highly crystalline SnS nanosheets was fabricated. We used sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3·5H2O) and stannous chloride (SnCl2·2H2O) as the tin and sulfur source materials, in place of SnCl4 and H2S gas, respectively, which have been used in previous studies. This gas-free fabrication process represents a new, environment-friendly fabrication method that can reduce the manufacturing cost of SnS nanosheets. The fabricated samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, XPS, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman analyses. The XPS result indicated no Sn0 or Sn4+ in the S3 nanosheet; the nanosheet was SnS. These results with XRD show that the SnS nanosheet has high phase purity and crystallinity. Its direct optical band gap is 1.31 eV, and its lattice parameters are similar to those of standard SnS. The SnS nanosheet-based photoanode exhibited a maximum saturation photocurrent of 6.86 mA cm−2 at 0.57 V versus Ag/AgCl, with high stability. The most effective photocurrent for the photocatalytic water-splitting cell is attained with an increase in the surface area and developed electrical conduction. This is attributed to thermal annealing, which eliminates nanoparticle imperfections. This study confirms that SnS nanosheets are excellent candidates for water-splitting applications.

Design and Manufacturing of a Metal 3D Printed kW Scale Axial Turboexpander

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaclav Novotny ◽  
Monika Vitvarova ◽  
Michal Kolovratnik ◽  
Barbora Bryksi Stunova ◽  
Vaclav Vodicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Greater expansion of distributed power and process systems based on thermodynamic cycles with single to hundred kW scale power output is limited mainly there are not available cost-effective expanders. Turboexpanders have a perspective of high efficiency and flexibility concerning operating parameters even for the micro applications. However, they suffer from a high manufacturing cost and lead time in the development of traditional technologies (such as casting and machining processes). Additive manufacturing provides a possibility to overcome some of the issues. Manufacturing parts with complicated shapes by this technology, combining multiple components into a single part or rapid production by 3D printing for development purposes are among the prospective features with this potential. On the other hand, the 3D printing processes come with certain limitations which need to be overcome. This paper shows a design and manufacturing process of a 3 kW axial impulse air turbine working with isenthalpic drop 30 kJ/kg. Several samples to verify printing options and the turbine itself has been manufactured from stainless steel by the DMLS additive manufacturing method. Manufactured are two turbine variations regarding blade size and 3D printer settings while maintaining their specific dimensions. The turboexpanders testing method and rig is outlined. As the surface quality is an issue, several methods of post-processing of 3D printed stator and rotor blading to modify surface quality are suggested. Detailed experimental investigation is however subject of future work.

Cobalt and nitrogen co-doped Ni3S2 nanoflowers on nickel foam as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in alkaline media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Du ◽  
Guangyu Ma ◽  
Xiaoshuang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Production Industry

The development of high-performance and cost-effective bifunctional water splitting catalysts are of enormous significance to the hydrogen production industry from water electrolysis. Herein, an in-situ Co and N co-doping method...

3D Branched Nanowire Photoelectrodes for High Efficiency Solar Water Splitting and Hydrogen Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000084-000090
Author(s):  
Ke Sun ◽  
Alireza Kargar ◽  
Yuchun Zhou ◽  
Kristian Madsen ◽  
Yi Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Cell ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Photocurrent Response ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
The Core ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Recombination Current

We report a high efficiency water splitting photoelectrochemical cell based on 3D branched nanowire (NW) heterostructures photoelectrodes. The 3D NW heterostructure is composed of an n-Si NW core and ZnO NW branches and fabricated from cost-effective low temperature solution-based synthesis methods. Specifically, we report the studies of 3D n-n NW heterojunction photoelectrode efficiency (photocurrent) dependence on the core and branch NW length, where longer Si NW cores give a larger anodic photocurrent response as well as a recombination current, and longer ZnO NW branches increase the cathodic photocurrent response and the dark current.

The Investigation of Plating Technologies for Front Fingers of c-Si Solar Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 198-201
Author(s):  
Shi Yang Sun ◽  
Jian Ping Long ◽  
Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Si Solar Cells ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Expensive Process

Besides silicon wafers, the metallization of solar cells is the most expensive process in the mass production of solar cells nowadays. Therefore, the development of cost-effective metallization technologies is very important for the reduction of manufacturing cost. In this article, we will introduce two novel approaches for the metallization of c-Si solar cells: (i) electroless plated Ni and electroplated Cu; (ii) photoplated Ni and Cu. It is believed that high efficiency and low cost solar cells can be fabricated taking advantages of the improved metallization methods.

0D ultrafine ruthenium quantum dots decorated 3D porous graphitic carbon nitride with efficient charge separation and appropriate hydrogen adsorption capacity for superior photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei An ◽  
Weihao Zhu ◽  
Luying Qiao ◽  
Shichao Sun ◽  
Yuyan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Efficient Charge ◽  
Effective Water

Designing a Pt-alternative cocatalyst capable of dissociating HO-H bonds is of great significance yet challenging for the development of high-efficiency and cost-effective water splitting photocatalytic systems. In this study, we...

scholarly journals Reciprocal Personal/Public Protection for COVID-19 with Facepiece Discriminating Mouth and Nose

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijun Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Degree

Reciprocal Personal/Public Protection (RPPP) featured with source control is introduced, Facepiece Discriminating Mouth and Nose (FDMN) is employed to serve the purpose, which includes polymer based mouth cover with optional nose cover. The new knowledge that mouth is a primary, active and dominant source of the virus has been well established, which is the base of FDMN. Source classification and related source control tools are discussed, mouth cover is recommended as the tool prioritized to use. Liquid droplets is identified as a hard issue related to mask, liquid droplets, mask fitting, comfort and facial recognition constitute real challenges of mask in addition to efficiency, All of these have been addressed with FDMN. Comparisons between FDMN and masks/face covering are taken on four aspects: efficiency and efficacy, tolerance and comfort, cost and waste, and civil rights and public interest. Mouth cover is recommended to replace the face covering and act as both a personal tool and a public utensil, mouth cover with nose cover can provide better protection than N95 etc. RPPP with FDMN, could be an alternative for lockdown, a parallel strategy to vaccine, and a collectively living way during the pandemic era. FDMN, featured with high efficiency protection, high degree comfort, easy wearing, tight-fitting, easy facial recognition & communication, reusability, cost-effective, environment friendly and scale manufacturing more readily and widely etc., is a simple and sustainable solution, which is essential for ordinary people to keep wearing it properly for protection.

Interlayer confinement synthesis of Ir nanodots/dual carbon as an electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaru Li ◽  
Yu-Quan Zhu ◽  
Weili Xin ◽  
Song Hong ◽  
Xiaoying Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
Highly Dispersed

Rationally designing low-content and high-efficiency noble metal nanodots offers opportunities to enhance electrocatalytic performances for water splitting. However, the preparation of highly dispersed nanodots electrocatalysts remains a challenge. Herein, we...

An efficient biotreatment process for polyvinyl alcohol containing textile wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip S. Magdum ◽  
Gauri P. Minde ◽  
Upendra S. Adhyapak ◽  
V. Kalyanraman
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

The aim of this work was to optimize the biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing actual textile wastewater for a sustainable treatment solution. The isolated microbial consortia of effective PVA degrader namely Candida Sp. and Pseudomonas Sp., which were responsible for symbiotic degradation of chemical oxidation demand (COD) and PVA from desizing wastewater. In the process optimization, the maximum aeration was essential to achieve a high degradation rate, where as stirring enhances further degradation and foam control. Batch experiments concluded with the need of 16 lpm/l and 150 rpm of air and stirring speed respectively for high rate of COD and PVA degradation. Optimized process leads to 2 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT) with 85–90% PVA degradation. Continuous study also confirmed above treatment process optimization with 85.02% of COD and 90.3% of PVA degradation of effluent with 2 days HRT. This study gives environment friendly and cost effective solution for PVA containing textile wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Chemical Modification of Combusted Coal Gangue for U(VI) Adsorption: Towards a Waste Control by Waste Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8421
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Jiandong Huang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Zhongran Dai ◽  
Rongli Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Detailed Structural Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Uranium mining waste causes serious radiation-related health and environmental problems. This has encouraged efforts toward U(VI) removal with low cost and high efficiency. Typical uranium adsorbents, such as polymers, geopolymers, zeolites, and MOFs, and their associated high costs limit their practical applications. In this regard, this work found that the natural combusted coal gangue (CCG) could be a potential precursor of cheap sorbents to eliminate U(VI). The removal efficiency was modulated by chemical activation under acid and alkaline conditions, obtaining HCG (CCG activated with HCl) and KCG (CCG activated with KOH), respectively. The detailed structural analysis uncovered that those natural mineral substances, including quartz and kaolinite, were the main components in CCG and HCG. One of the key findings was that kalsilite formed in KCG under a mild synthetic condition can conspicuous enhance the affinity towards U(VI). The best equilibrium adsorption capacity with KCG was observed to be 140 mg/g under pH 6 within 120 min, following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. To understand the improved adsorption performance, an adsorption mechanism was proposed by evaluating the pH of uranyl solutions, adsorbent dosage, as well as contact time. Combining with the structural analysis, this revealed that the uranyl adsorption process was mainly governed by chemisorption. This study gave rise to a utilization approach for CCG to obtain cost-effective adsorbents and paved a novel way towards eliminating uranium by a waste control by waste strategy.

scholarly journals The Main Progress of Perovskite Solar Cells in 2020–2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhao Wu ◽  
Zhenzhen Qin ◽  
Yanbo Wang ◽  
Yongzhen Wu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The World ◽  
Photovoltaic Technology

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) emerging as a promising photovoltaic technology with high efficiency and low manufacturing cost have attracted the attention from all over the world. Both the efficiency and stability of PSCs have increased steadily in recent years, and the research on reducing lead leakage and developing eco-friendly lead-free perovskites pushes forward the commercialization of PSCs step by step. This review summarizes the main progress of PSCs in 2020 and 2021 from the aspects of efficiency, stability, perovskite-based tandem devices, and lead-free PSCs. Moreover, a brief discussion on the development of PSC modules and its challenges toward practical application is provided.

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