scholarly journals Ru and Ni—Privileged Metal Combination for Environmental Nanocatalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 992
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Polanski ◽  
Daniel Lach ◽  
Maciej Kapkowski ◽  
Piotr Bartczak ◽  
Tomasz Siudyga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Ligand Effect ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Privileged Structures ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Photocatalytic Processes

Privileged structures is a term that is used in drug design to indicate a fragment that is popular in the population of drugs or drug candidates that are in the application or investigation phases, respectively. Privileged structures are popular motifs because they generate efficient drugs. Similarly, some elements appear to be more efficient and more popular in catalyst design and development. To indicate this fact, we use here a term privileged metal combination. In particular, Ru-based catalysts have paved a bumpy road in a variety of commercial applications from ammonia synthesis to carbon (di)oxide methanation. Here, we review Ru/Ni combinations in order to specifically find applications in environmental nanocatalysis and more specifically in carbon (di)oxide methanation. Synergy, ensemble and the ligand effect are theoretical foundations that are used to explain the advantages of multicomponent catalysis. The economic effect is another important issue in blending metal combinations. Low temperature and photocatalytic processes can be indicated as new tendencies in carbon (di)oxide methanation. However, due to economics, future industrial developments of this reaction are still questionable.

Privileged Structures in the Design of Potential Drug Candidates for Neglected Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 4323-4354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Lima Leite ◽  
José Wanderlan Pontes Espíndola ◽  
Marcos Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Privileged Structures

Background: Privileged motifs are recurring in a wide range of biologically active compounds that reach different pharmaceutical targets and pathways and could represent a suitable start point to access potential candidates in the neglected diseases field. The current therapies to treat these diseases are based in drugs that lack of the desired effectiveness, affordable methods of synthesis and allow a way to emergence of resistant strains. Due the lack of financial return, only few pharmaceutical companies have been investing in research for new therapeutics for neglected diseases (ND). Methods: Based on the literature search from 2002 to 2016, we discuss how six privileged motifs, focusing phthalimide, isatin, indole, thiosemicarbazone, thiazole, and thiazolidinone are particularly recurrent in compounds active against some of neglected diseases. Results: It was observed that attention was paid particularly for Chagas disease, malaria, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, dengue, African sleeping sickness (Human African Trypanosomiasis - HAT) and toxoplasmosis. It was possible to verify that, among the ND, antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities were between the most searched. Besides, thiosemicarbazone moiety seems to be the most versatile and frequently explored scaffold. As well, phthalimide, isatin, thiazole, and thiazolidone nucleus have been also explored in the ND field. Conclusion: Some described compounds, appear to be promising drug candidates, while others could represent a valuable inspiration in the research for new lead compounds.

scholarly journals Thiophene-Based Compounds with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Ryldene Marques Duarte da Cruz ◽  
Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Junior ◽  
Natália Barbosa de Mélo ◽  
Luciana Scotti ◽  
Rodrigo Santos Aquino de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Tiaprofenic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Biological Target ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Privileged Structures

Rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis and gout, among other chronic inflammatory diseases are public health problems and represent major therapeutic challenges. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most prescribed clinical treatments, despite their severe side effects and their exclusive action in improving symptoms, without effectively promoting the cure. However, recent advances in the fields of pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and chemoinformatics have provided valuable information and opportunities for development of new anti-inflammatory drug candidates. For drug design and discovery, thiophene derivatives are privileged structures. Thiophene-based compounds, like the commercial drugs Tinoridine and Tiaprofenic acid, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. The present review provides an update on the role of thiophene-based derivatives in inflammation. Studies on mechanisms of action, interactions with receptors (especially against cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX)), and structure-activity relationships are also presented and discussed. The results demonstrate the importance of thiophene-based compounds as privileged structures for the design and discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. The studies reveal important structural characteristics. The presence of carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides, as well as methyl and methoxy groups, has been frequently described, and highlights the importance of these groups for anti-inflammatory activity and biological target recognition, especially for inhibition of COX and LOX enzymes.

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis: mechanistic understanding and catalyst design

Chem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huidong Shen ◽  
Changhyeok Choi ◽  
Justus Masa ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jieshan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Mechanistic Understanding

THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE FORMATION OF E-GOVERNMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Elmira Elmar Hashimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Electronic Document ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

Research has shown that the application of ICT in the country has a dynamic economic effect. Due to the e-services available in our country, their arrangement on the portal and the level of use, it should be noted that the implementation of services provided by government agencies in electronic form is at a high level and widespread. More measures should be taken to electronicize the services provided by government agencies. In addition, it would be expedient to computerize all services provided by government agencies. The article examines the theoretical foundations of the formation of e-government, reflects the state of e-government and e-services in the world and in Azerbaijan. Key words: electronic government, electronic document, formation, government-to-citizen, government-to-business, government-to-government

scholarly journals Palladium-Catalysed Synthesis and Transformation of Quinolones

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. M. Silva ◽  
Artur M. S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Bond ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Rapid Construction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Privileged Structures

Palladium-catalysed reactions have had a large impact on synthetic organic chemistry and have found many applications in target-oriented synthesis. Their widespread use in organic synthesis is due to the mild conditions associated with the reactions together with their tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. Moreover, these types of reactions allow the rapid construction of complex molecules through multiple bond-forming reactions in a single step, the so-called tandem processes. Pd-catalysed reactions have been applied to the synthesis of a large number of natural products and bioactive compounds, some of them of complex molecular structures. This review article aims to present an overview of the most important Pd-catalysed reactions employed in the synthesis and transformations of quinolin-2(1H)-ones and quinolin-4(1H)-ones. These compounds are widely recognized by their diverse bioactivity, being privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and useful structural moieties for the development of new drug candidates. Furthermore, they hold significant interest due to their host–guest chemistry; applications in chemical, biochemical and environmental analyses and use in the development of new synthetic methods. In some cases, the quinolone formation step cannot be ascribed to a claimed Pd-catalysed reaction but this reaction is crucial to get the appropriate substrate for cyclization into the quinolone. Herein we present and discuss different economical, efficient and selective synthetic strategies to access quinolone-type compounds.

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