scholarly journals Preparation of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using Rice Straw Biomass and Their Application in Hydration of α-Pinene

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaozhou Wei ◽  
Deyuan Xiong ◽  
Pengzhi Duan ◽  
Shilei Ding ◽  
Yuanlin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Carbon Based

Carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared using rice straw (RS) waste, and the effects of carbonization temperature and sulfonation temperature on the catalytic activity were investigated. The properties of the catalysts were characterized using thermo gravimetric (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their activities were investigated through the hydration of α-pinene. The conversion of α-pinene and the selectivity of α-terpineol reached 67.60% and 57.07% at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure in 24 h, respectively. The high catalytic capacity of the catalyst is attributed to the high acid site density and high porosity of the catalyst. TPD analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the catalyst produced by low-temperature carbonization at 300 °C followed by low-temperature sulfonation at 80 °C had abundant strong acid sites (0.82 mmol/g), which can effectively inhibit the side reactions of hydrated α-pinene. The total acidity reached 2.87 mmol/g. N2-physisorption analysis clearly indicated that the obtained catalysts were mesopore-predominant materials, and the SBET and VTotal of catalysts reached 420.9 m2/g and 4.048 cm3/g, respectively. Preparation of the catalyst involves low energy consumption, and its cheap raw materials make the whole process simple, economical, and environmentally friendly.

Preparation and Characterization of Supported H3PW12O40 and Supported Cesium-Substituted Dodecatungstophosphate

2012 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Li Liu ◽  
Cui Xia Xu ◽  
Qian Wen Dai ◽  
Chao Xiang ◽  
Jian Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
Probe Experiment ◽  
Ft Ir

Supported H3PW12O40 (HPW) and supported Cesium-Substituted dodecatungsto-phosphate are eco-friendly solid acid catalysts. A series of different loading H3PW12O40/SiO2 and HPW/diatomite were prepared by a typical incipient wetness impregnation of methanol, meanwhile SiO2 and diatomite supported Cs-salt catalysts were prepared via two-step impregnating method. The catalysts were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicate that the Keggin structure of HPW is intact in the SiO2-supported HPW and SiO2-supported CsHPW. HPW and CsHPW are highly dispersed in the SiO2 at the low loading, while the loading is more than 40% the catalyst grains increase and gather on the surface of the carrier. What's more, diatomite is not a suitable support. HPW and CsHPW have better distribution in the SiO2 than in the diatomite. The activity of catalyst was tested in probe experiment of the alkylation of thiopene (TH) with 1-hexene.

The Effect of Rare Earth Modification on the Structure and Catalytic Performance of SO42-/ZrO2 Solid Acid Catalysts

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1375-1378
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Bao Hui Wang ◽  
Xue Sun ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Rare earth modified SO2-4/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods respectively. The properties of the samples were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). And their catalytic performances were evaluated and investigated by transesterification of waste oil with methanol. The results showed that the catalyst containing 4% Ce and calcined at 550°C displayed the highest production rate and the better reuse ability than the others. 63.5% yield of fatty acid methyl ester was achieved. An analysis of XRD patterns reveal that the incorporation of rare earth into tetragonal zirconia stabilizes the compound, and the calcination at 550°C increases the reactivity of the catalyst by producing a greater fraction of active tetragonal zirconia. It can be seen from the FT-IR spectra that superacids structures are formed in the catalysts and the acidity is strengthened remarkably and the activated centre of the catalyst were increasesed.

Two-Step Saccharification of Rice Straw Using Solid Acid Catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
pp. 5686-5697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Pitrayani Sukma ◽  
Xiuhui Wang ◽  
Sen Li ◽  
Thanh Tung Nguyen ◽  
Jianglong Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts

Mesoporous phosphated and sulphated silica as solid acid catalysts for glycerol acetylation

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijeh Ghoreishi ◽  
Nilofar Asim ◽  
Mohd Yarmo ◽  
Mohd Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Catalyst Acidity ◽  
Glycerol Esterification

AbstractSulphate- and phosphate-loaded silicas were synthesised using the sol-gel method with different sulphate and phosphate loadings. These catalysts were characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Acidity was measured using the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3) method. The results showed that glycerol esterification with acetic acid conversion decreased as follows: α(H2SO4) (100 %) > α(H3PO4) (99 %) > α(silica loaded with 20 % sulphuric acid) (SS-20; 98 %) > α(silica loaded with 20 % phosphoric acid) (PS-20; 83 %). These studies suggest that the solid acid catalytic activity in the esterification of glycerol is highly dependent on catalyst acidity strength, pore size and surface area.

Preparation and Characterization of Biomass Carbon–Based Solid Acid Catalysts for the Esterification of Marine Algae for Biodiesel Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeem Rana ◽  
Mohammed S. M. Alghazal ◽  
Mohammed M. Alsaeedi ◽  
Rashed S. Bakdash ◽  
Chanbasha Basheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon Based

Preparation of solid acid catalysts from waste biomass and their application for microwave-assisted biodiesel production from waste palm oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 719-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indika Thushari ◽  
Sandhya Babel
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Waste utilization is essential and challenging. Utilization of wastes gives environmental, economic, and social benefits. In this study, inexpensive, sulfonated solid acid catalysts were successfully prepared from palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB), coconut meal residue (CMR), and coconut coir husk (CH) waste by a simple protocol. It was found that prepared PEFB–BCS–SO3H, CMR–BCS–SO3H, and CH–BCS–SO3H catalysts have 4.79, 3.75, and 2.80 mmol g-1 acid density and 739.0, 89.77, and 61.49 m2 g-1 surface areas, respectively. Further, the presence of active functional groups on the surface of the catalysts was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermal stability of the catalysts was found below 150°C. Results show that biodiesel yield increases with increasing reaction time and methanol loading, when using microwave heating for biodiesel production from waste palm oil (WPO) and prepared catalysts. A maximum biodiesel yield of 95.5% was obtained by PEFB–BCS–SO3H in 60 minutes using 20:1 methanol:oil (molar ratio) at 70°C. CMR–BCS–SO3H and CH–BCS–SO3H obtained 88.7 and 88.5% biodiesel yields in 60 minutes, using 20:1 and 16:1 methanol:oil (molar ratio), at 70 and 110°C, respectively. Even though, the activity of the catalysts decreased during reuse, these are still of interest as the waste biomass of PEFB, CMR, and CH can be used for catalyst preparation and microwave-assisted biodiesel production from WPO.

A flexible and robust model for low temperature catalytic desorption of CO 2 from CO 2 -loaded amines over solid acid catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 518-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Decardi-Nelson ◽  
Ananda Akachuku ◽  
Priscilla Osei ◽  
Wayuta Srisang ◽  
Fatima Pouryousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Robust Model

Efficient carbon-based solid acid catalysts for the esterification of oleic acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Geng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Gang Yu ◽  
Yuexiang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Carbon Based
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