scholarly journals Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingdong Zhou ◽  
Changwei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Algae Oil

The depletion of fossil fuel has drawn growing attention towards the utilization of renewable biomass for sustainable energy production. Technologies for the production of algae derived biofuel has attracted wide attention in recent years. Direct thermochemical conversion of algae obtained biocrude oil with poor fuel quality due to the complex composition of algae. Thus, catalysts are required in such process to remove the heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. This article reviews the recent advances in catalytic systems for the direct catalytic conversion of algae, as well as catalytic upgrading of algae-derived oil or biocrude into liquid fuels with high quality. Heterogeneous catalysts with high activity in deoxygenation and denitrogenation are preferable for the conversion of algae oil to high-grade liquid fuel. The paper summarized the influence of reaction parameters and reaction routes for the catalytic conversion process of algae from critical literature. The development of new catalysts, conversion conditions, and efficiency indicators (yields and selectivity) from different literature are presented and compared. The future prospect and challenges in general utilization of algae are also proposed.

scholarly journals Catalytic Conversion of Oil and Gas Residue to Liquid Fuel Using Heterogeneous Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pusparatu ◽  
R.Y. Perry Burhan ◽  
Sylvia Yusnica ◽  
Oksil Venriza
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Catalytic Conversion

scholarly journals Mini-Review on the Synthesis of Furfural and Levulinic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Jiang ◽  
Di Hu ◽  
Zhiyue Zhao ◽  
Zixiao Yi ◽  
Zuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Platform Chemicals

Efficient conversion of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels is regarded as an alternative route to reduce our high dependence on fossil resources and the associated environmental issues. In this context, biomass-based furfural and levulinic acid (LA) platform chemicals are frequently utilized to synthesize various valuable chemicals and biofuels. In this review, the reaction mechanism and catalytic system developed for the generation of furfural and levulinic acid are summarized and compared. Special efforts are focused on the different catalytic systems for the synthesis of furfural and levulinic acid. The corresponding challenges and outlooks are also observed.

scholarly journals Selective Styrene Oxidation to Benzaldehyde over Recently Developed Heterogeneous Catalysts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
Marta A. Andrade ◽  
Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Styrene Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reactive Metal ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Important Intermediate

The selective oxidation of styrene under heterogeneous catalyzed conditions delivers environmentally friendly paths for the production of benzaldehyde, an important intermediate for the synthesis of several products. The present review explores heterogeneous catalysts for styrene oxidation using a variety of metal catalysts over the last decade. The use of several classes of supports is discussed, including metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, carbon materials and silicas, among others. The studied catalytic systems propose as most used oxidants tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide and mild reaction conditions. The reaction mechanism proceeds through the generation of an intermediate reactive metal–oxygen species by catalyst-oxidant interactions. Overall, most of the studies highlight the synergetic effects among the metal and support for the activity and selectivity enhancement.

Biocatalysis and biomass conversion: enabling a circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2176) ◽  
pp. 20190274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Precious Metal Catalysts ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Forestry Residues ◽  
The Right

This paper is based on a lecture presented to the Royal Society in London on 24 June 2019. Two of the grand societal and technological challenges of the twenty-first century are the ‘greening' of chemicals manufacture and the ongoing transition to a sustainable, carbon neutral economy based on renewable biomass as the raw material, a so-called bio-based economy. These challenges are motivated by the need to eliminate environmental degradation and mitigate climate change. In a bio-based economy, ideally waste biomass, particularly agricultural and forestry residues and food supply chain waste, are converted to liquid fuels, commodity chemicals and biopolymers using clean, catalytic processes. Biocatalysis has the right credentials to achieve this goal. Enzymes are biocompatible, biodegradable and essentially non-hazardous. Additionally, they are derived from inexpensive renewable resources which are readily available and not subject to the large price fluctuations which undermine the long-term commercial viability of scarce precious metal catalysts. Thanks to spectacular advances in molecular biology the landscape of biocatalysis has dramatically changed in the last two decades. Developments in (meta)genomics in combination with ‘big data’ analysis have revolutionized new enzyme discovery and developments in protein engineering by directed evolution have enabled dramatic improvements in their performance. These developments have their confluence in the bio-based circular economy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy'.

Catalytic Conversion of Fatty Acids Mixture to Liquid Fuel and Chemicals over Composite Microporous/Mesoporous Catalysts

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yean-Sang Ooi ◽  
Ridzuan Zakaria ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohamed ◽  
Subhash Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Mesoporous Catalysts

Recovery of Liquid Fuel from the Aqueous Phase of Pyrolysis Oil Using Catalytic Conversion

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 3074-3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Abnisa ◽  
W. M. A. Wan Daud ◽  
Arash Arami-Niya ◽  
Brahim Si Ali ◽  
J. N. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil

Development and Integration of the Dual Fuel Combustion System for the MGT Gas Turbine Family

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ćosić ◽  
Frank Reiss ◽  
Marc Blümer ◽  
Christian Frekers ◽  
Franklin Genin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines

Abstract Industrial gas turbines like the MGT6000 are often operated as power supply or as mechanical drives. In these applications, liquid fuels like 'Diesel Fuel No.2' can be used either as main fuel or as backup fuel if natural gas is not reliably available. The MAN Gas Turbines (MGT) operate with the Advanced Can Combustion (ACC) system, which is capable of ultra-low NOx emissions for gaseous fuels. This system has been further developed to provide dry dual fuel capability. In the present paper, we describe the design and detailed experimental validation process of the liquid fuel injection, and its integration into the gas turbine package. A central lance with an integrated two-stage nozzle is employed as a liquid pilot stage, enabling ignition and start-up of the engine on liquid fuel only. The pilot stage is continuously operated, whereas the bulk of the liquid fuel is injected through the premixed combustor stage. The premixed stage comprises a set of four decentralized nozzles based on fluidic oscillator atomizers, wherein atomization of the liquid fuel is achieved through self-induced oscillations. We present results illustrating the spray, hydrodynamic, and emission performance of the injectors. Extensive testing of the burner at atmospheric and full load high-pressure conditions has been performed, before verification within full engine tests. We show the design of the fuel supply and distribution system. Finally, we discuss the integration of the dual fuel system into the standard gas turbine package of the MGT6000.

ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Catalytic Conversion of Biobased Chemicals into Liquid Fuels in the Aqueous Phase

ChemInform ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kejing Wu ◽  
Yulong Wu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Jianlong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Biobased Chemicals

Nano-CeO2/SiO2 as an efficient catalytic conversion of waste engine oil into liquid fuel

2017 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 1010-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Zandi-Atashbar ◽  
Ali Asghar Ensafi ◽  
Amir Hooshmand Ahoor
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Waste Engine Oil
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