scholarly journals Assessment of the Carcinogenicity of Carbon Nanotubes in the Respiratory System

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1318
Author(s):  
Marcella Barbarino ◽  
Antonio Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Physico Chemical

In 2014, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified the first type of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as possibly carcinogenic to humans, while in the case of other CNTs, it was not possible to ascertain their toxicity due to lack of evidence. Moreover, the physicochemical heterogeneity of this group of substances hamper any generalization on their toxicity. Here, we review the recent relevant toxicity studies produced after the IARC meeting in 2014 on an homogeneous group of CNTs, highlighting the molecular alterations that are relevant for the onset of mesothelioma. Methods: The literature was searched on PubMed and Web of Science for the period 2015–2020, using different combinations keywords. Only data on normal cells of the respiratory system after exposure to fully characterized CNTs for their physico-chemical characteristics were included. Recent studies indicate that CNTs induce a sustained inflammatory response, oxidative stress, fibrosis and histological alterations. The development of mesothelial hyperplasia, mesothelioma, and lungs tumors have been also described in vivo. The data support a strong inflammatory potential of CNTs, similar to that of asbestos, and provide evidence that CNTs exposure led to molecular alterations known to have a key role in mesothelioma onset. These evidences call for an urgent improvement of studies on exposed human populations and adequate systems for monitoring the health of workers exposed to this putative carcinogen.

Some Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes: A Computational Aspect

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5095-5102
Author(s):  
Sakander Hayat ◽  
Asad Khan ◽  
Faisal Yousafzai ◽  
Quaid Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Computational Aspect ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical

Review: Prediction of variation in energetic value of wheat for poultry

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yegani ◽  
D. R. Korver
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Physico Chemical

Yegani, M. and Korver, D. R. 2012. Review: Prediction of variation in energetic value of wheat for poultry. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 261–273. Variations in physical and chemical characteristics of wheat can significantly influence the energy availability of this feed ingredient for poultry. These variations can result in inefficiencies in the form of over- or under-formulation of the diets at commercial feed mills or on poultry farms. Therefore, having a clear understanding of the variations is of paramount importance in the formulation of poultry diets as they can have negative consequences for production performance of birds. There are a large number of factors that can contribute to variations in energy availability of wheat for poultry. This review is intended to briefly discuss these factors and also practical approaches that can be used to predict these variations. These approaches include measuring physico-chemical characteristics, in vivo digestibility trials, in vitro digestibility techniques, and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). There are limitations associated with physico-chemical and in vivo measurements. However, in vitro digestibility techniques are simple and fast and can provide data for database development and ongoing calibrations of NIRS systems. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy has enormous potential to predict variations in wheat apparent metabolizable energy, leading to more accurate diet formulation.

A critical review of the biological mechanisms underlying thein vivoandin vitrotoxicity of carbon nanotubes: The contribution of physico-chemical characteristics

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helinor J. Johnston ◽  
Gary R. Hutchison ◽  
Frans M. Christensen ◽  
Sheona Peters ◽  
Steve Hankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Physico Chemical

Comparative Critical Study of Commercial Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes in Terms of Physic-Chemical Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 587 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miramond ◽  
Pascal Borget ◽  
Serge Baroth ◽  
Daculsi Guy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical characteristics impact directly or indirectly the bioactive properties of biomaterials, it is then essential to correlate it with their effect in vivo. A panel of biomaterials available on the market, based on Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is studied in terms of surface area, hydrophilicity, porosity, zeta potential, crystalline phases and density. This study highlights the dispersity of commercial calcium phosphates (CaP) properties, and demonstrates how the quality criteria required for such bone substitute based on biomimicry concept, whose pores distribution is certainly the more relevant, are often incompletely or not respected according to literature.

THYROID STIMULATORS AND THYROID STIMULATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Burke
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory System ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT A long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), distinct from pituitary thyrotrophin (TSH), is found in the serum of some patients with Graves' disease. Despite the marked physico-chemical and immunologic differences between the two stimulators, both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that LATS and TSH act on the same thyroidal site(s) and that such stimulation does not require penetration of the thyroid cell. Although resorption of colloid and secretion of thyroid hormone are early responses to both TSH and LATS, available evidence reveals no basic metabolic pathway which must be activated by these hormones in order for iodination reactions to occur. Cyclic 3′, 5′-AMP appears to mediate TSH and LATS effects on iodination reactions but the role of this compound in activating thyroidal intermediary metabolism is less clear. Based on the evidence reviewed herein, it is suggested that the primary site of action of thyroid stimulators is at the cell membrane and that beyond the(se) primary control site(s), there exists a multifaceted regulatory system for thyroid hormonogenesis and cell growth.

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