scholarly journals Electroless Deposition of Cu-SWCNT Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja ◽  
Esquenazi ◽  
Jones ◽  
Li ◽  
Brinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electroless Deposition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Copper Surfaces ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Defect Sites ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this work, as-received HiPCO single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are incorporated in a controllable manner at various concentrations into Cu-SWCNT composites via electroless plating, by varying the related reaction times, with polyethylene glycol (PEG) used as a dispersing agent. The resultant samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology assessment, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the assessment of crystal phase identification, and Raman spectroscopy for the confirmation of the presence of the incorporated SWCNTs. The Cu-SWCNT composites were found to contain carbon, catalytic iron (associated with the raw, as-received SWCNTs), oxygen, and copper; the latter was found to be inversely proportional to carbon and iron contents. The oxygen (associated with both the SWCNT defect sites and oxidized copper surfaces) remained more or less constant regardless of the proportion of SWCNTs in the composites. The Raman IG:ID ratio remains within the experimental error constant, indicating that the electroless deposition does not have a deleterious effect on the SWCNTs. At short deposition times, SEM revealed a relatively dense structure comprising a distinctive fibrous morphology, suggestive of an underlying SWCNT substrate coated with copper; however, with increasing deposition, a more porous morphology is observed. The size of the granular particles increases up until 10 min of reaction, after which time it remains unchanged.

scholarly journals Electrodeposition of Cu–SWCNT Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan M. V. Raja ◽  
Gibran L. Esquenazi ◽  
Cathren E. Gowenlock ◽  
Daniel R. Jones ◽  
Jianhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fe Catalyst ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductors

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are used as a component of a plating solution of CuSO4 for direct current electrodeposition of Cu–SWCNT composites with varying nanotube proportions without the use of either a surfactant, a dispersing agent, or functionalization of the SWCNTs. The Cu–SWCNT composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The composites are comprised of metallic Cu and SWCNTs with minor oxide impurities, as well as the residual (Fe) catalyst from the unpurified SWCNTs, in addition to displaying nanotube-mediated morphological differences. EDX analysis of carbon (wt%) is close to quantitative with respect to the wt% of SWCNTs added to the electrolysis solution. The presence of SWCNTs decreases the oxidation of the copper, as well as changing the identity of the oxide from CuO, for electrolysis of Cu, to Cu2O. Hard adherent Cu–SWCNT coatings are prepared by the addition of Cu powder to the electrolysis solution. The approach described in this paper will enable controlled synthesis of metal-nanomaterial composites that can potentially be processed further into high ampacity electrical conductors.

scholarly journals An Insight into Chemistry and Structure of Colloidal 2D-WS2 Nanoflakes: Combined XPS and XRD Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Riccardo Scarfiello ◽  
Elisabetta Mazzotta ◽  
Davide Altamura ◽  
Concetta Nobile ◽  
Rosanna Mastria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Crystal Habit ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Rational Understanding ◽  
Structural Inspection

The surface and structural characterization techniques of three atom-thick bi-dimensional 2D-WS2 colloidal nanocrystals cross the limit of bulk investigation, offering the possibility of simultaneous phase identification, structural-to-morphological evaluation, and surface chemical description. In the present study, we report a rational understanding based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and structural inspection of two kinds of dimensionally controllable 2D-WS2 colloidal nanoflakes (NFLs) generated with a surfactant assisted non-hydrolytic route. The qualitative and quantitative determination of 1T’ and 2H phases based on W 4f XPS signal components, together with the presence of two kinds of sulfur ions, S22− and S2−, based on S 2p signal and related to the formation of WS2 and WOxSy in a mixed oxygen-sulfur environment, are carefully reported and discussed for both nanocrystals breeds. The XPS results are used as an input for detailed X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis allowing for a clear discrimination of NFLs crystal habit, and an estimation of the exact number of atomic monolayers composing the 2D-WS2 nanocrystalline samples.

NdFe2O4 Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Lei Song ◽  
Yi-Lin Wu ◽  
Si-Ran Zhang ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Yong-Gui Li
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Parameters ◽  
Transmission Electron

Multi-structured NdFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared at different reaction times through a convenient solvothermal method. The microstructure and elemental composition of the NPs were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. An energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) was connected to a scanning electron microscope to determine the weight and atomic percent of the prepared products. Subsequently, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR/TEM) and TEM were performed at 3, 7, 11, and 15 h to elucidate the synthetic mechanism of the rare-earth element Nd doped in Fe3O4. The magnetic activities of the NPs were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD, EDS, and XPS analyses show that Nd was successfully doped into Fe3O4 without breaking its crystal structure. Procedural single-crystal nanosheets and final spherical particles of NdFe2O4 were verified by TEM. The magnetic parameters of the products were further analyzed using the VSM.

Fabrication and Properties of WC-Al2O3 Cemented Carbide Reinforced by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Bai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Trace Amount ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refined Microstructure ◽  
Process Effects ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

WCAl2O3-Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites were prepared by hot pressing process. Effects of trace amount of CNTs additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the WCAl2O3 were investigated. The microstructure, phase identification and hardness of composites were analyzed by using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers indenter. The experimental results indicate that both the WCAl2O3 doped with 0.1wt% CNTs and 0.5wt%CNTs possessed the refined microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties compared with that of the WCAl2O3 doped with 1wt% and 1.5wt% CNTs. When CNTs were added to the WC-Al2O3 composites, the decarburization suppression could be achieved in the WC-Al2O3 powders system.

EFFECTS OF Pd2+ CONCENTRATION ON THE STRUCTURAL PROPERTY OF NICKEL-PLATED PLANT FIBER NON-WOVEN SHEET

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950163
Author(s):  
GUANGCHAO QIN ◽  
YOUHAO LIU ◽  
YU ZHANG ◽  
HAODONG CHEN ◽  
CAN DING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Property ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electroless Deposition ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Nickel Atom ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plant Fiber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Sites

In this work, a facile method combined with PdCl2 solution immersing and electroless deposition to fabricate nickel-plated plant fiber non-woven sheet is demonstrated. The effect of [Formula: see text] concentration on the structural property of plated sheet was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that increasing activated time and PdCl2 concentration would facilitate the enhancement of Pd-adsorbed amount on the substrate surface. It would facilitate the deposition of nickel atom, the reduction of the surface electrical resistivity and the crystallization of plated coating due to the high catalytic sites. In addition, the lowest PdCl2 effective concentration was reduced with the increased of activated time.

Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Essary ◽  
V. Craciun ◽  
J. M. Howard ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

scholarly journals α-Cellulose Fibers of Paper-Waste Origin Surface-Modified with Fe3O4 and Thiolated-Chitosan for Efficacious Immobilization of Laccase

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Gajanan S. Ghodake ◽  
Surendra K. Shinde ◽  
Ganesh D. Saratale ◽  
Rijuta G. Saratale ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Laccase Immobilization ◽  
Surface Modified

The utilization of waste-paper-biomass for extraction of important α-cellulose biopolymer, and modification of extracted α-cellulose for application in enzyme immobilization can be extremely vital for green circular bio-economy. Thus, in this study, α-cellulose fibers were super-magnetized (Fe3O4), grafted with chitosan (CTNs), and thiol (-SH) modified for laccase immobilization. The developed material was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), HR-TEM energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HR-TEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. Laccase immobilized on α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs (α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase) gave significant activity recovery (99.16%) and laccase loading potential (169.36 mg/g). The α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase displayed excellent stabilities for temperature, pH, and storage time. The α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase applied in repeated cycles shown remarkable consistency of activity retention for 10 cycles. After the 10th cycle, α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs possessed 80.65% relative activity. Furthermore, α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase shown excellent degradation of pharmaceutical contaminant sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The SMX degradation by α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase was found optimum at incubation time (20 h), pH (3), temperatures (30 °C), and shaking conditions (200 rpm). Finally, α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase gave repeated degradation of SMX. Thus, this study presents a novel, waste-derived, highly capable, and super-magnetic nanocomposite for enzyme immobilization applications.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol Using a Copper-Zirconia Imidazolate Framework

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Sonam Goyal ◽  
Maizatul Shima Shaharun ◽  
Ganaga Suriya Jayabal ◽  
Chong Fai Kait ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Enhanced Yield

A set of novel photocatalysts, i.e., copper-zirconia imidazolate (CuZrIm) frameworks, were synthesized using different zirconia molar ratios (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mmol). The photoreduction process of CO2 to methanol in a continuous-flow stirred photoreactor at pressure and temperature of 1 atm and 25 °C, respectively, was studied. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The highest methanol activity of 818.59 µmol/L.g was recorded when the CuZrIm1 catalyst with Cu/Zr/Im/NH4OH molar ratio of 2:1:4:2 (mmol/mmol/mmol/M) was employed. The enhanced yield is attributed to the presence of Cu2+ oxidation state and the uniformly dispersed active metals. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the reaction parameters. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental ones with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99. The optimization results showed that the highest methanol activity of 1054 µmol/L.g was recorded when the optimum parameters were employed, i.e., stirring rate (540 rpm), intensity of light (275 W/m2) and photocatalyst loading (1.3 g/L). The redox potential value for the CuZrIm1 shows that the reduction potential is −1.70 V and the oxidation potential is +1.28 V for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol. The current work has established the potential utilization of the imidazolate framework as catalyst support for the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol.

scholarly journals Study on the Electrical, Structural, Chemical and Optical Properties of PVD Ta(N) Films Deposited with Different N2 Flow Rates

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Yingying Hu ◽  
Md Rasadujjaman ◽  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jiang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
N2 Flow Rate

By reactive DC magnetron sputtering from a pure Ta target onto silicon substrates, Ta(N) films were prepared with different N2 flow rates of 0, 12, 17, 25, 38, and 58 sccm. The effects of N2 flow rate on the electrical properties, crystal structure, elemental composition, and optical properties of Ta(N) were studied. These properties were characterized by the four-probe method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Results show that the deposition rate decreases with an increase of N2 flows. Furthermore, as resistivity increases, the crystal size decreases, the crystal structure transitions from β-Ta to TaN(111), and finally becomes the N-rich phase Ta3N5(130, 040). Studying the optical properties, it is found that there are differences in the refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) of Ta(N) with different thicknesses and different N2 flow rates, depending on the crystal size and crystal phase structure.

scholarly journals Optical, XPS and XRD Studies of Semiconducting Copper Sulfide Layers on a Polyamide Film

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Krylova ◽  
Mindaugas Andrulevičius
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Polyamide Film ◽  
Indirect Band Gap ◽  
Xrd Method

Copper sulfide layers were formed on polyamide PA 6 surface using the sorption-diffusion method. Polymer samples were immersed for 4 and 5 h in 0.15 mol⋅  solutions and acidified with HCl (0.1 mol⋅) at . After washing and drying, the samples were treated with Cu(I) salt solution. The samples were studied by UV/VIS, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. All methods confirmed that on the surface of the polyamide film a layer of copper sulfide was formed. The copper sulfide layers are indirect band-gap semiconductors. The values of are 1.25 and 1.3 eV for 4 h and 5 h sulfured PA 6 respectively. Copper XPS spectra analyses showed Cu(I) bonds only in deeper layers of the formed film, while in sulfur XPS S 2p spectra dominating sulfide bonds were found after cleaning the surface with ions. It has been established by the XRD method that, beside , the layer contains as well. For PA 6 initially sulfured 4 h, grain size forchalcocite, , was  nm and fordjurleite, , it was 54.17 nm. The sheet resistance of the obtained layer varies from 6300 to 102 .

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