scholarly journals Design and Preparation of Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jiareng Chen ◽  
Bin Cui ◽  
Pengfei Yin ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nanoporous Structure ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Carbon Yield ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Elemental Compositions ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

The synthesis and application of biomass-derived carbon in energy storage have drawn increasing research attention due to the ease of fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of the meso/microporous carbon produced from various biological precursors, including plants, fruits, microorganisms, and animals. Compared to the artificial nanostructured carbons, such as fullerene, carbon nanotube and graphene, the biomass-derived carbons may obtain superior capacitance, rate performance and stability in supercapacitor applications ascribing to their intrinsic nanoporous and hierarchical structures. However, challenges remain in processing techniques to obtain biomass-derived carbons with high carbon yield, high energy density, and controllable graphitic microstructures, which may require a clear understanding over the chemical and elemental compositions, and the intrinsic microstructural characteristics of the biological precursors. Herein we present comprehensive analyses over the impacts of the chemical and elemental compositions of the precursors on the carbon yield of the biomass, as well as the mechanism of chemical activation on the nanoporous structure development of the biomass-derived carbons. The structure–property relationship and functional performance of various biomass-derived carbons for supercapacitor applications are also discussed in detail and compared. Finally, useful insights are also provided for the improvements of biomass-derived carbons in supercapacitor applications.

scholarly journals Nanoarchitectonics of Lotus Seed Derived Nanoporous Carbon Materials for Supercapacitor Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5434
Author(s):  
Ram Lal Shrestha ◽  
Rashma Chaudhary ◽  
Timila Shrestha ◽  
Birendra Man Tamrakar ◽  
Rekha Goswami Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lotus Seed ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon Materials ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

Of the available environmentally friendly energy storage devices, supercapacitors are the most promising because of their high energy density, ultra-fast charging-discharging rate, outstanding cycle life, cost-effectiveness, and safety. In this work, nanoporous carbon materials were prepared by applying zinc chloride activation of lotus seed powder from 600 °C to 1000 °C and the electrochemical energy storage (supercapacitance) of the resulting materials in aqueous electrolyte (1M H2SO4) are reported. Lotus seed-derived activated carbon materials display hierarchically porous structures comprised of micropore and mesopore architectures, and exhibited excellent supercapacitance performances. The specific surface areas and pore volumes were found in the ranges 1103.0–1316.7 m2 g−1 and 0.741–0.887 cm3 g−1, respectively. The specific capacitance of the optimum sample was ca. 317.5 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and 272.9 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 accompanied by high capacitance retention of 70.49% at a high potential sweep rate of 500 mV s−1. The electrode also showed good rate capability of 52.1% upon increasing current density from 1 to 50 A g−1 with exceptional cyclic stability of 99.2% after 10,000 cycles demonstrating the excellent prospects for agricultural waste stuffs, such as lotus seed, in the production of the high performance porous carbon materials required for supercapacitor applications.

Development of Structure-Property Relationships in Disordered Zirconia Thin Films for High Energy Density Mim Capacitors

2006 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guneet Sethi ◽  
Michael T. Lanagan ◽  
Eugene Furman ◽  
Mark W. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dc Conductivity ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Dielectric Films ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Gate Oxides ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Mim Capacitors

AbstractAmorphous zirconium oxide thin films were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. The dielectric films were characterized by impedance spectroscopy with temperature. The effect of annealing on capacitor performance was studied. Annealing gold electroded thin films at 250°C greatly reduced the losses with little changes in crystallinity. Space charge relaxation started to appear at 190°C. The activation energy for the relaxation was 0.84 eV with a very low relaxation frequency at room temperature (0.23μHz). Electrode effects dominated at very low frequencies at all temperatures. AC conductivity followed the universality behavior for the AC charge transport showing that the films are highly disordered. No DC conductivity regime was observed indicating that DC conductivity is very low. DC conductivity of the films was of the order of 10−13 S/m, which is lesser than the comparable thickness high quality gate oxides.

scholarly journals A Freestanding Chitin-Derived Hierarchical Nanocomposite for Developing Electrodes in Future Supercapacitor Industry

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Zheng Dong ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Kaihua Wen ◽  
Xiaoyi Zhao ◽  
Xihong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

Crustacean cuticles are receiving extensive attention for its potential in developing environmentally friendly and high energy density electrodes for supercapacitor applications. In the current work, the demineralized tergite cuticle of mantis shrimp was employed as a precursor for the fabrication porous biochar. The structural benefits of the cuticle, including the hierarchical nanofiber networks, and the interpenetrating pore systems were maximumly retained, providing a high carbon content and specific surface area scaffold. Graphene oxide sheets were deposited across the biochar through the pore canal systems to further increase the conductivity of the biochar, forming a novel freestanding carbon composite. Throughout the modification process, the material products were examined by a range of methods, which showed desired structural, chemical and functional properties. Our work demonstrates that high performance carbon materials can be manufactured using a simple and green process to realize the great potential in energy storage applications.

Aerosol technology and Si nano-composite electrode assembly for Li-ion batteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Munao ◽  
Mario Valvo ◽  
Jan van Erven ◽  
Esteban Garcia-Tamayo ◽  
Erik Kelder
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Good Control ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Silicon Based

ABSTRACTIn this work novel approaches to fabricate silicon-based electrodes are shown. Starting from silicon nano-particles it is possible to create nano-structured porous thin films. Both the synthesis of the Si nano-particles and the electrode assembly are performed via aerosol routes. This guarantees a very good control on the particle size and the particle size distribution, on the purity of the product and on the morphology and texture of the deposited layers. Particles are produced via Laser assisted Chemical Vapor Pyrolysis whereas electrode thin layers are deposited via Electro Spray method. The range of particle sizes can be tailored according to the selected application. Here, particles of a mean size of about 10 nm have been synthesized. Since Si is well known to forms highly lithiated intermetallic compounds [1], it is regarded as one of the most promising material for energy storage [2], especially looking at high energy density applications, such as hybrid/electric vehicle traction. In this work its promising performance are presented. The role of the additives in the composite formulation is also taken into account for a more clear understanding of the capacity fading mechanism of such electrodes.

Surface nitrogen-modified 2D titanium carbide (MXene) with high energy density for aqueous supercapacitor applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 5416-5425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yapeng Tian ◽  
Wenxiu Que ◽  
Yangyang Luo ◽  
Chenhui Yang ◽  
Xingtian Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

Nitrogen related functional groups modify the surface characteristics of Ti3C2Txto make significant contribution to the intercalation-pseudocapacitance of supercapacitors.

scholarly journals Biomass-Derived Porous Carbons Derived from Soybean Residues for High Performance Solid State Supercapacitors

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Ying Chung ◽  
Guan-Ting Pan ◽  
Zhong-Yun Hong ◽  
Chun-Tsung Hsu ◽  
Siewhui Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Symmetric Supercapacitor

A series of heteroatom-containing porous carbons with high surface area and hierarchical porosity were successfully prepared by hydrothermal, chemical activation, and carbonization processes from soybean residues. The initial concentration of soybean residues has a significant impact on the textural and surface functional properties of the obtained biomass-derived porous carbons (BDPCs). SRAC5 sample with a BET surface area of 1945 m2 g−1 and a wide micro/mesopore size distribution, nitrogen content of 3.8 at %, and oxygen content of 15.8 at % presents the best electrochemical performance, reaching 489 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 6 M LiNO3 aqueous solution. A solid-state symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device delivers a specific capacitance of 123 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a high energy density of 68.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1 kW kg−1 with a wide voltage window of 2.0 V and maintains good cycling stability of 89.9% capacitance retention at 2A g−1 (over 5000 cycles). The outstanding electrochemical performances are ascribed to the synergistic effects of the high specific surface area, appropriate pore distribution, favorable heteroatom functional groups, and suitable electrolyte, which facilitates electrical double-layer and pseudocapacitive mechanisms for power and energy storage, respectively.

scholarly journals Development of Novel and Ultra-High-Performance Supercapacitor Based on a Four Layered Unique Structure

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu ◽  
S. Rao ◽  
Dinah Punnoose ◽  
P. Sathishkumar ◽  
Chandu Gopi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ni Foam ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Capacitive Properties ◽  
Wrinkled Surface ◽  
Shell Geometry ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

This paper presents an electrode with a core/shell geometry and a unique four-layered porous wrinkled surface for pseudocapacitive supercapacitor applications. To design the electrode, Ni foam was used as a substrate, where the harmonious features of four constituents, ZnO (Z), NiS (N), PEDOT:PSS (P), and MnO2 (M) improved the supercapacitor electrochemical performance by mitigating the drawbacks of each other component. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge measurements confirmed that the ZNPM hybrid electrode exhibited excellent capacitive properties in 2 M KOH compared to the ZNP, ZN, and solely Z electrodes. The ZNPM electrode showed superior electrochemical capacitive performance and improved electrical conductivity with a high specific capacitance of 2072.52 F g−1 at 5 mA, and a high energy density of 31 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 107 W kg−1. Overall, ZNPM is a promising combination electrode material that can be used in supercapacitors and other electrochemical energy conversion/storage devices.

Fluorine-Doped Fe2O3as High Energy Density Electroactive Material for Hybrid Supercapacitor Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaliyappan Karthikeyan ◽  
Samuthirapandian Amaresh ◽  
Sol Nip Lee ◽  
Vanchiappan Aravindan ◽  
Yun Sung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Hybrid Supercapacitor ◽  
Electroactive Material ◽  
Supercapacitor Applications

scholarly journals Recycling of Gallium from End-of-Life Light Emitting Diodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nagy ◽  
L. Bokányi ◽  
I. Gombkötő ◽  
T. Magyar
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Liquid Crystal Displays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Recycling Technology ◽  
Chemical Techniques

AbstractNowadays Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are widely utilized. They are applied as backlighting in Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) and TV sets or as lighting equipments in homes, cars, instruments and street-lightning. End of life equipments are containing more and more LEDs. The recovery of valuable materials – such as Ga, Au, Cu etc. – from the LEDs is essential for the creating the circular economy. First task is the development of a proper recycling technology. Most of the researchers propose fully chemical or thermal-chemical pathway for the recycling of LEDs.In the meantime our approach based on the thorough investigation of the structure and composition of LEDs, and shown in this paper, is the combination of mechanical and chemical techniques in order to recover more valuable products, as well as to facilitate the mass transfer. Our laboratory scale experiments are introduced, the final aim of which is Ga recovery in accordance with our above approach. It was experimentally proved that the LED chips contain Ga and can be recovered by mechanical processes along with copper-product. Ga is presented on the surface of the chips in GaN form. Mechano-chemical activation in high energy density stirred medium mill and the following acidic leaching resulted in the enrichment of 99.52% of gallium in the pregnant solution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document