scholarly journals Mother Schema, Obstetric Dilemma, and the Origin of Behavioral Modernity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Richard Parncutt
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Mental Time Travel ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Reflective Consciousness ◽  
Divine Encounters

What triggered the emergence of uniquely human behaviors (language, religion, music) some 100,000 years ago? A non-circular, speculative theory based on the mother-infant relationship is presented. Infant “cuteness” evokes the infant schema and motivates nurturing; the analogous mother schema (MS) is a multimodal representation of the carer from the fetal/infant perspective, motivating fearless trust. Prenatal MS organizes auditory, proprioceptive, and biochemical stimuli (voice, heartbeat, footsteps, digestion, body movements, biochemicals) that depend on maternal physical/emotional state. In human evolution, bipedalism and encephalization led to earlier births and more fragile infants. Cognitively more advanced infants survived by better communicating with and motivating (manipulating) mothers and carers. The ability to link arbitrary sound patterns to complex meanings improved (proto-language). Later in life, MS and associated emotions were triggered in ritual settings by repetitive sounds and movements (early song, chant, rhythm, dance), subdued light, dull auditory timbre, psychoactive substances, unusual tastes/smells and postures, and/or a feeling of enclosure. Operant conditioning can explain why such actions were repeated. Reflective consciousness emerged as infant-mother dyads playfully explored intentionality (theory of mind, agent detection) and carers predicted and prevented fatal infant accidents (mental time travel). The theory is consistent with cross-cultural commonalities in altered states (out-of-body, possessing, floating, fusing), spiritual beings (large, moving, powerful, emotional, wise, loving), and reports of strong musical experiences and divine encounters. Evidence is circumstantial and cumulative; falsification is problematic.

scholarly journals Toward a neurophysiological foundation for altered states of consciousness

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadab Tabatabaeian ◽  
Carolyn Dicey Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Altered States Of Consciousness ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Common Foundation ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary

AbstractSingh's cultural evolutionary theory posits that methods of inducing shamanic altered states of consciousness differ, resulting in profoundly different cognitive states. We argue that, despite different methods of induction, altered states of consciousness share neurophysiological features and cause shared cognitive and behavioral effects. This common foundation enables further cross-cultural comparison of shamanic activities that is currently left out of Singh's theory.

scholarly journals Personal and situational predictors of proactive coping with difficult life situations: cross-cultural differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Elena R. Agadullina ◽  
Elena P. Belinskaya ◽  
Malika R. Dzhuraeva
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Cultural Specificity

Background The characteristics and predictors of proactive coping still remain insufficiently studied topics in psychology. At the same time, the study of a person’s perception and assessment of possible future-related difficulties becomes more and more relevant in the context of accelerating social changes. The objective of the research is to identify culturally specific and culturally universal patterns in the choice of proactive coping strategies, depending on the interaction of personal and situational determinants. Design. The research was conducted in the form of an online survey involving students from Moscow (N = 311) and from Tashkent (N = 272) as respondents. Participants in the study consistently completed questionnaires to assess the preferences of various strategies of proactive coping, the level of general self-efficacy, the degree of tolerance to uncertainty, and the current experience of positive / negative affect. Results. In the course of the study it was revealed that the previously adapted Russian-language version of the methodology of proactive coping strategies by E. Greenglass has cultural invariance. Comparison of respondents from Russia and Uzbekistan in terms of the severity of proactive coping strategies showed that Moscow respondents prefer strategies of seeking information and emotional support to a greater extent than Tashkent ones. Testing the model of interaction of situational and personal variables showed that it is the interaction of emotional state and self-efficacy that determines the preference for strategies of proactive, reflexive, preventive coping and strategic planning strategies both in Russia and in Uzbekistan. The interaction of tolerance to uncertainty with emotional state positively predicts only the preference for a proactive coping strategy in both samples and negatively predicts the choice of a strategic planning strategy among respondents from Uzbekistan. Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrated more cultural versatility than cultural specificity in favoring different strategies for proactive coping. Two directions of further research are possible: conducting a meaningful analysis of the image of difficult situations from the point of view of both cultural specificity and cross-cultural invariance. The second direction is expanding the spectrum of the studied determinants of proactive coping, including possible social values and personal value orientations.

scholarly journals ADULT RECOGNITION OF THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF CHILDREN BY SPEECH: CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lyakso ◽  
Nersisson Ruban ◽  
Olga Frolova ◽  
Mary Mekala ◽  
Aleksey Grigorev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Study

scholarly journals Method of Synchronized Fractal and Musical Dynamics as a Means to Achieve Altered States of Consciousness

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Valery I. Kabrin ◽  
Vladimir S. Vyskochkov ◽  
Igor O. Prudovikov ◽  
Anatoly Y. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Altered States Of Consciousness ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Audiovisual Stimulation ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specific Configuration

This paper continues the cycle of interdisciplinary studies that feature a new technology of audiovisual induction of altered states of consciousness. The technology is based on a combination of models, methods, and approaches of psychology, mathematics, and computer science. The research objective was to prove that the technology can induce relaxation states. The authors conducted two experiments with a specific configuration of synchronized fractal and musical sequences. The study involved 47 people, who were presented with audiovisual stimulation. Before and after the procedure, the panelists were presented with two sets of questionnaires to define their mental and emotional state. The results demonstrated significant negative changes on the demobilizing components: mental anxiety or resentment (N), mental depression and exhaustion (D) and depressed mood (S). The data analysis confirmed the hypothesis: the method can induce states of relaxation. The data obtained are can be used in further experiments, e.g. to reveal creative potential by means of audiovisual stimulation.

scholarly journals A Cross-Cultural, Exploratory Study of Students' Reluctance to Attend Office Hours

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Yassir Semmar
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
College Major ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Credit Hours ◽  
Course Characteristics ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this study is to gain a better insight into the reasons that make Qatar University students reluctant to attend professors’ office hours. Factor analysis was first conducted to reveal the components underlying this reluctance; Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was then employed to analyze the effects of gender, GPA, credit hours completed, year of enrollment, and college/major on those factors. Results indicated that professor's competence and demeanor, course characteristics, students' social skills, attitudes/motivation, time conflict/communication style, students' apprehension as well as their physical/emotional state were all related to their reluctance to attend office hours. Moreover the predictor variables of gender, GPA, and credit hours completed had significant effects on several of those seven reluctance factors.

scholarly journals Using of Human Behavior Manners in the Process of a Film Actor Preparing for a Role

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Olena Levchenko ◽  
Olha Pasichnyk
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Visual Demonstration ◽  
First Time ◽  
Individual Human

The purpose of the research is to reveal the features of the use of a human behaviour manner in the process of preparing a cinema actor preparing for a role. The research methodology is based on the principles of descriptive, comparative, cultural and artistic methods, the method of observation and experiment, in addition, individualizing and social and psychological approaches are applied during the study of the psycho-physiology of acting through the analysis of the behaviour in the process of individual human capabilities disclosing. The scientific novelty of the research is that the workmanship of the acting game is analyzed through the allocation of a visual demonstration of the manner of behaviour from the inner senses of the character for the first time. Conclusions. The research has shown and analyzed the use of human behaviour in the process of film actor preparing for his/her role. It has been found that the accumulated experience of body movements enriches the repertoire of acting, reduces the risk of the hero emotional state over the inner freedom of a professional actor. Accordingly, with the explored information, the main point here is that impersonation for a character is demonstrating by the simplest properties of human behaviour.

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