scholarly journals Factors that Promote Resilience in Homeless Children and Adolescents in Ghana: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwaku Oppong Asante
Keyword(s):  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Street Youth ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Homeless Children ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

Several studies conducted on street youth have focused on causes of homelessness, their engagement in risky sexual behaviours and the prevalence of STIs, including HIV/AIDS. Although homeless youth are considered resilient, sparse literature exists on factors that promote resilience in this vulnerable group. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 purposively selected homeless children and youth (with a mean age of 14 years) from the Central Business District of Accra, Ghana. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings showed that a strong religious belief, sense of humour, engagement in meaningful social interactive activities, reciprocal friendship, adherence to cultural norms and support from community-based organizations were identified as factors that help homeless youth cope with the multiple challenges of street life. Strengthening such protective factors could help ameliorate the impact of adverse conditions of these street youth.

Commute and labour productivity: investigation of inner city construction sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1305-1319
Author(s):  
Daniel Alejandro Chaparro ◽  
Fei J. Ying ◽  
Funmilayo Ebun Rotimi ◽  
Temitope Egbelakin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to identify the impact that commute patterns pose on construction labour productivity (CLP). There is limited research focussed on the impact of workforce transportation on productivity, even fewer in a construction environment. In particular, this study seeks to fill a gap in the understanding of how commute patterns may influence CLP. Design/methodology/approach Key factors reported affecting CLP were identified through a comprehensive literature review. Data were collected from 27 interviews and observational evidence at construction sites on Auckland Central Business District (CBD). Findings Shortage of skills, communication among workers, shirking behaviour, absenteeism and tardiness were perceived as the most critical labour productivity factors that are influenced by commute patterns. It is considered that stressful commutes may lead to shirking behaviours (absenteeism and calling sick). Meanwhile, ridesharing may encourage communication among workers. Research limitations/implications The study was carried out in a central business district, focussing on a geographic area with its particular characteristics. The results, thus, may not be generalised in general urban settings. Originality/value The research outcomes can be used as guidelines for companies considering travel plans for their employees, to minimise the negative impact commuting can have on workers, especially in industries with low productivity.

Finding the movement: the geographies of social movement scenes

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 792-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Creasap
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Business District ◽  
Commercial Landscape

Purpose A social movement scene is “a network of people who share a set of subcultural or countercultural beliefs, values, norms, and convictions as well as a network of physical spaces where members of that group are known to congregate” (Leach and Haunss 2009, p. 260, emphasis in the original). The purpose of this paper is to further develop theories of social movement scenes by examining the spatial dimensions of proximity, centrality, visibility, and accessibility, arguing that different scene configurations are shaped by gentrification processes. Design/methodology/approach This is an ethnographic study based on research conducted in Sweden over a five year period (2007-2012), including several summer research trips and a sustained fieldwork period of 14 months. Using snowball sampling, the author conducted semi-structured interviews with 38 activists involved in autonomous movement scenes. The author interviewed both men (n=26) and women (n=12) who ranged in age from 18 to 37, with most interviewees in their late 20s and early 30s. Findings Findings suggest that neighborhoods in the early stages of gentrification are most conducive to strong scenes. The author’s findings suggest that, while some of these conditions are locally specific, there were common structural conditions in each city, such as changes in the commercial landscape and housing tenure. Originality/value This paper contributes to the specificity of the concept of a social movement scene by presenting three spatial dimensions of scenes: centrality (relative to the Central Business District), concentration (clustering of scene places in one area of the city), and visibility (a visible presence communicated by signs and symbols). A second contribution of this paper is to offer a set of hypotheses about the urban conditions under which social movement scenes thrive (or fizzle).

scholarly journals Rebuilding Sustainable Commuting in Christchurch? A mixed-methods study of the effects of workplace relocation on transport choice and emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kate Whitwell
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

<p>Tackling the challenge of climate change will require rapid emissions reductions across all sectors, including transport. This study adds to the literature by investigating factors that may encourage sustainable transport choices at a time of change and therefore reduce emissions. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to explore the impact of a relocation of employees from several dispersed work locations back to one office building in the central business district on transport choices and carbon emissions in Christchurch, New Zealand.  This case study found that such a recentralisation of employment can result in employees making more sustainable transport choices and can contribute to decreases in transport emissions from commuting, even in a highly car-dependent city. The relocation led to a 12 percent rise in the proportion of employees commuting actively or by public transport and resulted in a significant drop in commuting emissions (16 percent). The primary contributing factor was the change in location of the office itself, reducing the average commuting distance and increasing accessibility to public transport and active travel. A further contributing factor was the perceived reduction in parking availability at the new location. Further results support the existing literature on barriers to sustainable transport, identifying any factor that impacts on the feasibility of the journey by alternative modes, such as commute time or safety, as a significant barrier to uptake. Overall findings suggest that relocating offices provides a good opportunity to encourage employees to consider changing to a more sustainable commute mode, and that significant numbers may make such a shift if commute time or distance are reduced. Realising substantial mode shift however will depend on cities providing feasible and efficient sustainable alternatives to driving a car to work.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring the Spatial-Temporal Relationship between Rainfall and Traffic Flow: A Case Study of Brisbane, Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmin Qi ◽  
Zuduo Zheng ◽  
Dongyao Jia
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Inclement Weather ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

The impact of inclement weather on traffic flow has been extensively studied in the literature. However, little research has unveiled how local weather conditions affect real-time traffic flows both spatially and temporally. By analysing the real-time traffic flow data of Traffic Signal Controllers (TSCs) and weather information in Brisbane, Australia, this paper aims to explore weather’s impact on traffic flow, more specifically, rainfall’s impact on traffic flow. A suite of analytic methods has been applied, including the space-time cube, time-series clustering, and regression models at three different levels (i.e., comprehensive, location-specific, and aggregate). Our results reveal that rainfall would induce a change of the traffic flow temporally (on weekdays, Saturday, and Sunday and at various periods on each day) and spatially (in the transportation network). Particularly, our results consistently show that the traffic flow would increase on wet days, especially on weekdays, and that the urban inner space, such as the central business district (CBD), is more likely to be impacted by inclement weather compared with other suburbs. Such results could be used by traffic operators to better manage traffic in response to rainfall. The findings could also help transport planners and policy analysts to identify the key transport corridors that are most susceptible to traffic shifts in different weather conditions and establish more weather-resilient transport infrastructures accordingly.

Urban Inequality in the United States

Sociology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
Business District ◽  
Unequal Opportunities

Urban inequality is a multidisciplinary field that incorporates political economists, geographers, sociologists, anthropologists, and historians, who describe the existence of unequal opportunities in urban spaces. Inequality manifests in a growing gap between the rich and poor and the dominance of unequal opportunities and access across the urban landscape. Vulnerable communities, including the poor and racial and ethnic groups, can be the most impacted by inequality. While inequality exists everywhere, American urban inequality is traditionally understood as being more concentrated in spaces in proximity to a city’s central business district. Efforts toward privatization, increasing global investment, and urban redevelopment reflect trends in replacing social welfare with private capital, increasing the vulnerability of urban inhabitants, but also providing a glaring illustration of who is most effected. Given this, what has developed in urban spaces with cumulative racial, economic, and gendered disadvantages is a mix of cultural norms, but also survival strategies, networks, and resistance. Political economists and geographers are useful at describing how economic engines of cities influence urban policy, and in turn disproportionately negatively affect neighborhoods with less social capital. Sociologists, anthropologists, and historians are useful in recounting the specific historical processes by which segregation and deindustrialization, to name a few factors, led to the stigmatization of urban spaces. What develops are specific frames and connections to unequal spaces that result in new cultural norms and new relationships in city neighborhoods as they face transitions with increasing private development.

scholarly journals The impact on urban accessibility conditions of a proposed cableway line in the city of Manizales, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (51) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Montoya ◽  
Juan Camilo Aguilera ◽  
Diego Alexander Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Urban Accessibility ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Due to the increased tendency to use private transport in urban areas of Manizales and Villamaría municipalities, it is intended to include alternative modes of transport that are more time-efficient and environmentally sustainable to improve the inhabitants’ quality of life. This article aims to analyse the inclusion impact of a sustainable public transport system, such as a new cableway line in the city connecting the Central Business District (CBD) with Ciudadela del Norte district, measuring overall average accessibility for the current and future scenario. This establishes the average travel time and the savings in terms of time shown as a percentage that these modes of transport would create in the population displacement and also which inhabitants are the most likely to benefit.

Neighborhood Ethnoracial Composition and Gentrification in Chicago and New York, 1980 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Timberlake ◽  
Elaina Johns-Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Residential Preference ◽  
Black Residents ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This research examines the impact of neighborhood ethnoracial composition on the likelihood that neighborhoods that could gentrify do gentrify over time. Drawing on findings from the gentrification and residential preference literatures, we hypothesize that the percentage of Black and Latino residents in neighborhoods in 1980 is associated with the probability of gentrification, conditional on the racial composition of neighborhoods in 2010. We test these hypotheses with analyses of census data for tracts in the central cities of Chicago and New York in 1980 to 2010. We find that the percentage of Black residents in 1980 was negatively associated with gentrified White and positively associated with gentrified Black neighborhoods, and that percent Latino in 1980 was positively associated with gentrified Latino neighborhoods. Finally, we found strong evidence that gentrification in these cities was much more likely to occur in neighborhoods close to the central business district.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Influence of Lagos Bus Rapid Transit Scheme (BRT-Lite) on Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) on Lagos Mainland-Island Corridor

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Peter Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Safety Outcomes ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

Background:This paper filled an important gap in the on-going global assessment of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) operations on Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) safety outcomes on corridors plied.Introduction:The work carried out a scientific investigation of the impact of Lagos BRT-Lite(Africa’s first and only BRT scheme) on the achievement of a possible reduction in the incidences of RTC on the 22-kilometer radial highway that connects Mile12 and Lagos Island the traditional central business district.Methodology:Secondary data on the incidences of RTC on the corridor between 2002 and 2013 were obtained from Nigeria Police. One-way Analysis of variance between subjects revealed that the advent of BRT operations on the corridor do not have any significant effect in the reported cases of the three categories of RTC examined. Minor (p=. 783), Serious (p= .887) and Fatal (p= .826).Data Analysis:Descriptive statistics, however, showed that there has been a general reduction in the incidences of all categories of RTC considered in the period after the commencement of BRT on the corridor.Conclusion:The paper concludes by positing that while it might be far-fetched to imply a direct causal relationship between the introduction of BRT and reduction in the cases of RTC on the corridor, it may not be far to suggest that it has definitely impacted safety outcomes as it relates to RTC.

scholarly journals Rebuilding Sustainable Commuting in Christchurch? A mixed-methods study of the effects of workplace relocation on transport choice and emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kate Whitwell
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Mode Shift ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

<p>Tackling the challenge of climate change will require rapid emissions reductions across all sectors, including transport. This study adds to the literature by investigating factors that may encourage sustainable transport choices at a time of change and therefore reduce emissions. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to explore the impact of a relocation of employees from several dispersed work locations back to one office building in the central business district on transport choices and carbon emissions in Christchurch, New Zealand.  This case study found that such a recentralisation of employment can result in employees making more sustainable transport choices and can contribute to decreases in transport emissions from commuting, even in a highly car-dependent city. The relocation led to a 12 percent rise in the proportion of employees commuting actively or by public transport and resulted in a significant drop in commuting emissions (16 percent). The primary contributing factor was the change in location of the office itself, reducing the average commuting distance and increasing accessibility to public transport and active travel. A further contributing factor was the perceived reduction in parking availability at the new location. Further results support the existing literature on barriers to sustainable transport, identifying any factor that impacts on the feasibility of the journey by alternative modes, such as commute time or safety, as a significant barrier to uptake. Overall findings suggest that relocating offices provides a good opportunity to encourage employees to consider changing to a more sustainable commute mode, and that significant numbers may make such a shift if commute time or distance are reduced. Realising substantial mode shift however will depend on cities providing feasible and efficient sustainable alternatives to driving a car to work.</p>

scholarly journals Privatisasi Ruang Publik dari Civic Centre menjadi Central Business District ( Belajar dari kasus Kawasan Simpang Lima Semarang)

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Edi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

Based on The Master Plan of Semarang City from 1975 to 2005, Simpang Lima area has been established as a Civic Centre area which its development is aimed to be a culture area broadly creating public activities for the people. During its development, due to its enormous economic potential, this area has turned into Central Business District area having several characteristics such as commercial activities, multi-storied buildings, heavy traffic, teeming street vendors and others. The impact is privatization of public space in the form of occupying of lots/buildings done by a group of businessmen owning shopping centers/hotels, using of roads for parking lot, and occupancy of pedestrian ways for street vendors. The public place privatization has prevented people to use public space freely. This problem is worthy of study. Public place privatization widely influences people because on the one hand, public place gives important meaning to people in the context of purpose, social, culture, history, and politics; on the other hand, these people will also give special meaning to this place. This study uses descriptive approach which describes and interprets the problem of public space privatization in Simpang Lima area including its impact.

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