scholarly journals Psychiatric Disorders among the Military in West Africa: A Systematic Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Winifred Asare-Doku ◽  
Gordon Maanianu Donnir ◽  
Kenneth Ae-Ngibise ◽  
Jennifer Peprah ◽  
Kofi Awuviry-Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
African Region ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Military

(1) Background: Military combat impacts the mental health of veterans and active military personnel. Although various studies, the majority of which are from Westernized countries, have provided insight into how combat causes psychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among veterans, there appears to be scant published literature on psychiatric disorders among military personnel in the West African region. It is important to contextually understand the psychiatric disorders among military personnel in this region , who may be faced with similar vulnerabilities to their counterparts from Western cultures. (2) Methods: This study follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were included if they were published in English between January 2010 and January 2021 and assessed mental health problems or psychiatric disorders among soldiers in West Africa. (3) Results: All three included studies were from Nigeria. High prevalence rates of substance and alcohol use were reported. (4) Conclusions: This review highlights the need for more research in this population as well as identifying the intervention needs of the soldiers and their implications.

scholarly journals Mental Health in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Does Screening Capture the Complexity?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Bjorgaas ◽  
I. Elgen ◽  
T. Boe ◽  
M. Hysing
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Mental Health Screening ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Bergen Child Study

Introduction. Children with cerebral palsy (CP), one of the most common childhood neurological disorders, often have associated medical and psychological symptoms. This study assesses mental health problems compared to population controls and the ability of a mental health screening tool to predict psychiatric disorders and to capture the complexity of coexisting symptoms.Methods. Children with CP (N=47) were assessed according to DSM-IV criteria using a psychiatric diagnostic instrument (Kiddie-SADS) and a mental health screening questionnaire (SDQ). Participants from the Bergen Child Study, a large epidemiological study, served as controls.Results. Children with CP had significantly higher means on all problem scores including impact scores. Two in three children scored above 90th percentile cutoff on Total Difficulties Score (TDS), and 57% met criteria for a psychiatric disorder, yielding a sensitivity of 0.85 and a specificity of 0.55. Mental health problems coexisted across symptom scales, and peer problems were highly prevalent in all groups of psychiatric disorders.Conclusion. A high prevalence of mental health problems and cooccurrence of symptoms were found in children with CP compared to controls. Screening with SDQ detects mental health problems, but does not predict specific disorders in children with CP. ADHD is common, but difficult to diagnose due to complexity of symptoms. Mental health services integrated in regular followup of children with CP are recommended due to high prevalence and considerable overlap of mental health symptoms.

Psychological Distress in Iranian Military Personnel: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizeh Alizadeh1 ◽  
Behnaz Dowran ◽  
maryam azizi ◽  
Seyed -Hossein Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background: Military personnel are likely to encounter mental health problems due to High-risk occupations associated with significant levels of psychological distress. The aim of the present study was to explore psychological distress experienced by Iranian military personnel. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted on 15 Iranian military personnel. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants and continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and then the qualitative data were analyzed through direct content analysis. Results: By analyzing show 395 primary codes, 2 main categories, including demands and resources were extracted from the experiences of military members. The categories included several sub-categories, which were classified according to their significant characteristics. Findings of this study ascertain that different factors affect the military member’s psychological distress.Conclusions: Military organization and leaders should consider the factors of psychological distress that raised by specialists, and assign policies to improve their mental health. According to the present results, it is recommended that the process of psychological distress in military members be investigated further.

scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders in diabetes mellitus patients attending a tertiary health institution in north-eastern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazeem Ayinde Ayanda ◽  
Dauda Sulyman ◽  
Mahmud Yinka Mahmud ◽  
Joy Pius ◽  
Simeon Yinka Ategbese
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Psychiatric disorders are common sequelae of diabetes mellitus and can further worsen the clinical state and quality of life of patients. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and pattern of psychological illnesses in patients with diabetes mellitus and to assess factors that predict these psychiatric disorders. The mental health of 114 eligible consenting adult patients with diabetes mellitus attending the diabetic clinic of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital was assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the study respondents was 39.5% and the pattern of diagnoses found were Major Depressive Disorder (31.6%), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (6.1%) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (1.8%). None of the sociodemographic variables was significantly associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders. The presence of diabetic complications (OR=2.519; 95% CI=1.056-6.001; P-value=0.037) was predictive of psychiatric disorders while good sugar control (OR=0.372; 95% CI=0.162-0.854; P-value=0.020) was a significant protective factor. A notable proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus develop mental health problems which can worsen the clinical outcome and further increase the burden of this illness. Efforts to promptly identify and manage these comorbid psychological problems can improve the prognosis of these patients.

scholarly journals Associations Between Post-migration Stressors and Psychiatric Disorders in Adult Refugees in European High Income Countries. A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Christina Nowak ◽  
Victoria Sophie Boettcher ◽  
Lea-Marie Gehrlein ◽  
Claudia Hornberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
High Income ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background: Refugees and asylum seekers have a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression. Associations between the number of traumatic events and psychiatric disorders have been reported in literature, but knowledge on the influence of post-migration stressors on mental health outcomes in host countries remains scarce. Method: Four databases in the field of public and mental health were systematically searched. From a total of 2,456 studies found, 1,777 were included for title and abstract screening and 61 full texts were separately screened for eligibility by 2 authors. Out of these studies, 23 studies were included in this systematic review. A narrative synthesis was undertaken.Results: The overall findings showed that post-migration stressors have a significant impact on mental health outcomes. Especially uncertain legal status, missing social support and unemployment were shown to negatively influence mental health, but results vary among the different psychiatric disorders, i.e. post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. Discussion: Post-migration stressors can contribute to the high prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in refugees in European high-income countries. However, results must be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneous study populations included and the variety of post-migration stressors. None of the studies considered the effect of mental disorders on the perceived severity of post-migration stressors.

scholarly journals A Mental Health Profile of 900 Newly Arrived Refugees in Denmark Using ICD-10 Diagnoses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Anne Mette Fløe Hvass ◽  
Lene Nyboe ◽  
Kamilla Lanng ◽  
Claus Vinther Nielsen ◽  
Christian Wejse
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Post Traumatic

(1) Background: Recognizing mental health problems in newly arrived refugees poses a challenge. Little is known of the mental health profile of refugees currently arriving in Northern Europe. (2) Method: In total, we included 900 adult (≥18 years old) refugees arriving in Aarhus, Denmark, between 1 January 2014 and 1 January 2020. All participants accepted an offer of a voluntary systematic health assessment from the municipality in Aarhus, including a mental health screening. (3) Results: Within this cohort, 26% (237/900) of the participants were referred to the Department of Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, 24% (212/900) were in contact with the department and 21% (185/900) received ≥1 psychiatric diagnosis. Within the subpopulation referred (n = 237), 64% (152/237) were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (DF431), 14% (34/237) with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40–F48) and 13% (30/237) with major mood disorders (F30–F39). Among the participants referred to the Department of Psychiatry and participants receiving a diagnosis, we found an overrepresentation of participants originating from the Southern Asian region (Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran) and with an age above 44 years. (4) Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of both referrals and psychiatric diagnoses in newly arrived refugees. Attention to psychiatric conditions in refugees and systematic health assessments during resettlement are needed.

scholarly journals Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Beaglehole ◽  
Roger T. Mulder ◽  
Chris M. Frampton ◽  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
Giles Newton-Howes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundNatural disasters are increasing in frequency and severity. They cause widespread hardship and are associated with detrimental effects on mental health.AimsOur aim is to provide the best estimate of the effects of natural disasters on mental health through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters.MethodThis systematic review and meta-analysis is limited to studies that met predetermined quality criteria. We required included studies to make comparisons with pre-disaster or non-disaster exposed controls, and sample representative populations. Key studies were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO from 1980 to 3 March 2017. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for studies that reported key outcomes with appropriate statistics.ResultsForty-one studies were identified by the literature search, of which 27 contributed to the meta-analyses. Continuous measures of psychological distress were increased after natural disasters (combined standardised mean difference 0.63, 95% CI 0.27–0.98, P = 0.005). Psychiatric disorders were also increased (combined odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.43–2.38, P < 0.001). Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were significantly increased after disasters. Findings for anxiety and alcohol misuse/dependence were not significant. High rates of heterogeneity suggest that disaster-specific factors and, to a lesser degree, methodological factors contribute to the variance between studies.ConclusionsIncreased rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorders follow natural disasters. High levels of heterogeneity between studies suggest that disaster variables and post-disaster response have the potential to mitigate adverse effects.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among refugees and migrants in immigration detention: systematic review with meta-analysis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Verhülsdonk ◽  
Mona Shahab ◽  
Marc Molendijk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

Background The number of forced migrants is increasing worldwide. Some governments detain refugees and migrants in immigration detention centres, which is associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Aims To estimate prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in child and adult refugees and migrants in immigration detention. Method Pre-registered systematic review with meta-analysis (Prospero ID: CRD42020196078). Results Systematic searches in Medline, Embase and Web of Science (final search date 1 October 2020) yielded nine eligible studies on the mental health of detained refugees and migrants (total n = 630 refugees and migrants, 522 of them in detention, among which 26 were children). For adults, prevalence rates for depression were 68% (95% CI 0.53–0.83%), for anxiety 54% (95% CI 0.36–0.72%) and for PTSD 42% (95% CI 0.22–0.63%). Theoretical comparisons with data from other meta-analyses revealed that prevalence rates and symptom severity were higher in detained, relative to non-detained samples. Conclusions Our data show a huge burden of mental health problems in detained refugees and migrants of all ages, also relative to non-detained samples. This suggests that immigration detention independently and adversely affects the mental health of refugees and migrants. This insight should encourage countries to minimise the use of immigration detention and implement alternative measures instead.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

Psychological/psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak: lessons learnt from China and call for timely crisis interventions in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Zeppegno ◽  
Carla Gramaglia ◽  
Chiara Guerriero ◽  
Fabio Madeddu ◽  
Raffaella Calati
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

Background: The World Health Organization declared the Corona Virus Disease 19 (Covid-19) a pandemic in March 2020. Psychological impact of Covid-19 can be consisent and should be prevented with adequate measures. Methods: We performed a literature mini review searching for studies in PubMed focusing on the psychological/psychiatric impact of Covid-19.Results: The selection process yielded 34 papers focusing on the relation between Covid-19 and mental health: 9 correspondence, 8 letters to the editor, 7 commentaries, 3 editorials, 4 original studies, 2 brief reports, and 1 a rapid review. The majority of the articles were performed in China. They focused on the general population and particular categories considered more fragile, e.g., psychiatric patients, older adults, international migrant workers, homeless people. Authors are unanimous in believing that Covid-19 will likely increase the risk of mental health problems and worsen existing psychiatric disorders/symptoms in patients, exposed subjects, and staff. Together with the negative emotionality related to the unpredictability of the situation, uncertainty concerning the risk, excessive fear, fear of death, loneliness, guilt, stigma, denial, anger, frustration, boredome, some symptoms might appear such as insomnia until patophobia (specifically, coronaphobia), depressive and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidal risk.Limitations: Literature is rapidly increasing and present results are only partial. Conclusions: Mental health care should not be overlooked in this moment. The experience of China should be of help for all the countries facing with Covid-19, among them Italy.

scholarly journals Does the Type of Exposure to Workplace Violence Matter to Nurses’ Mental Health?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Farinaz Havaei
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Indirect Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Workplace violence is a prevalent phenomenon in healthcare, particularly among nursing professionals. Exposure to workplace violence may be direct through firsthand involvement, indirect through secondhand witnessing, or both. Even though implications for victims of workplace violence have been well-studied, less is known about the various types of exposure and their effects on nurse mental health. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of workplace-violence exposure types on the mental health of nurses, while accounting for the intensity of the incident/s. This study employs an exploratory correlational design with survey methods. Nurses from British Columbia (BC), Canada, were invited by the provincial nurses’ union to complete an electronic survey in Fall 2019. A total of 2958 responses from direct-care nurses in acute-care settings were analyzed using logistic regression. The results showed that mental-health problems increased with cumulative exposure; even though nurses with solely indirect exposure to workplace violence did not report greater mental-health problems, those experiencing solely direct exposure, or both direct and indirect exposure, were two to four times more likely to report high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and burnout compared to their counterparts with no exposure. There is an urgent need for better mental-health support, prevention policies and practices that take into account the type of workplace-violence exposure.

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