scholarly journals Cognitive Conflict in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Victor Suarez ◽  
Guillem Feixas
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Grid Technique

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) represents a severe mental condition that is usually characterized by distressing identity disturbances. Although most prevailing explanatory models and psychotherapy approaches consider and intervene on self-concept, they seem not to recognize or explore idiosyncratic cognitive conflicts that patients may experience. These conflicts, which have been conceptualized as “implicative dilemmas” and “dilemmatic constructs” by personal construct theorists, could be considered as key elements of the explanatory model for BPD to provide a better understanding of this disorder and possibly enhance the effectiveness of contemporary psychotherapeutic approaches. The current study (Identifier: NCT04498104) aims to examine the characteristics of the interpersonal cognitive system of a group of patients diagnosed with BPD, using the repertory grid technique, and to compare them with those of a community sample. We will test if BPD participants are more affected by cognitive conflicts than controls. Additionally, we will gauge the association between cognitive conflicts and symptom severity as well as their predictive capacity of treatment outcome. The obtained results will be a necessary step to determine if cognitive conflicts have a substantial role on the explanation of BPD. It could also help to consider the development of a conflict resolution intervention module for this disorder.

Borderline personality disorder traits associate with midlife cardiometabolic risk

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Barber ◽  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Stephen N. Manuck
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Equation Modeling

There is growing interest in relationships between borderline personality disorder (BPD) pathology and physical health outcomes. Diagnostic BPD and BPD-related traits, for instance, have been shown to associate with self-reported cardiovascular disease and various cardiometabolic risk factors. However, potential confounding of these associations by comorbid depression, which itself contributes to risk for heart disease, remains unresolved, and prior research is limited by nearly uniform reliance on self-reported health status. In the present study, we examine the association of BPD traits and contemporaneously assessed depressive mood with instrumented measures of cardiometabolic risk in a midlife community sample (N = 1,295). BPD pathology was measured using dimensional, multi-informant trait measures; depressive symptomology was self-reported; and cardiometabolic risk was indexed via multiple indicators of insulin resistance, adiposity, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the effects of BPD traits and depressive symptoms on aggregated cardiometabolic risk, adjusting for their shared variance. Results showed both BPD pathology features and depressive symptomatology related to extent of cardiometabolic risk; when examined simultaneously, only BPD associated independently with risk indicators. In further supporting a link between BPD pathology and cardiovascular disease risk, these findings warrant future work to elucidate intervening behavioral and biological mechanisms.

An Examination of Stress Generation and Stress Exposure Models in Relation to Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-656
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Uliaszek
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Exposure Models ◽  
The Impact

Research examining life stress as a precipitant, co-occurrence, and consequence of psychopathology often has implications for two explanatory models: stress exposure, where stress causes symptoms, and stress generation, where symptoms cause stress. Preliminary evidence suggests that both processes are evident in borderline personality disorder (BPD). The present study examined 101 adults who self-reported at least three symptoms of BPD at prescreen, with 30% of the sample meeting full diagnostic criteria for BPD. Cross-lagged panel analyses were used to examine the relationships between BPD symptomatology and four forms of life stress. Stress exposure and stress generation were not supported for either form of chronic life stress. Results supported stress generation in both dependent and interpersonal episodic life stress, and stress exposure for interpersonal episodic life stress. These findings evidenced small effects only. Findings point to the impact of interpersonal stress on changes in symptomatology over time.

scholarly journals Blinded by our emotions: The impact of borderline personality disorder and affect on emotion recognition sensitivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 204380871881887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibby McMahon ◽  
Kwanguk Kim ◽  
Caitlin M. Fang ◽  
Andrada D. Neacsiu ◽  
M. Zachary Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in emotion recognition within individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, it is yet unknown how much these abnormalities can be attributed to emotional states or affect. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the independent effects of BPD, positive affect, and negative affect on emotion recognition sensitivity. We recruited a mixed, transdiagnostic community sample of 118 adults diagnosed with either a personality disorder, only an affective disorder, or without psychopathology. Participants completed self-report assessments of positive and negative affect and two behavioral assessments of emotion recognition sensitivity. We found that both positive and negative affect predict lower overall emotion recognition sensitivity in both tasks, beyond the effect of BPD. We did not find a significant, independent effect of the diagnosis of BPD. Additionally, we found that the diagnosis of BPD moderated the relationship between negative affect and emotion recognition sensitivity within one task. Findings from the present study suggest that sensitivity to other people’s emotional expressions may be influenced by affect beyond the effect of the BPD diagnosis. The implications for future research efforts on emotion recognition and BPD are discussed.

scholarly journals Stability, change, and heritability of borderline personality disorder traits from adolescence to adulthood: A longitudinal twin study

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1335-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. Bornovalova ◽  
Brian M. Hicks ◽  
William G. Iacono ◽  
Matt McGue
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
Risk Processes

AbstractAlthough personality disorders are best understood in the context of lifetime development, there is a paucity of work examining their longitudinal trajectory. An understanding of the expected course and the genetic and environmental contributions to these disorders is necessary for a detailed understanding of risk processes that lead to their manifestation. The current study examined the longitudinal course and heritability of borderline personality disorder (BPD) over a period of 10 years starting in adolescence (age 14) and ending in adulthood (age 24). In doing so, we built on existing research by using a large community sample of adolescent female twins, a sensitive dimensional measure of BPD traits, an extended follow-up period, and a longitudinal twin design that allowed us to investigate the heritability of BPD traits at four discrete ages spanning midadolescence to early adulthood. Results indicated that mean-level BPD traits significantly decline from adolescence to adulthood, but rank order stability remained high. BPD traits were moderately heritable at all ages, with a slight trend for increased heritability from age 14 to age 24. A genetically informed latent growth curve model indicated that both the stability and change of BPD traits are highly influenced by genetic factors and modestly by nonshared environmental factors. Our results indicate that as is the case for other personality dimensions, trait BPD declines as individuals mature from adolescence to adulthood, and that this process is influenced in part by the same genetic factors that influence BPD trait stability.

scholarly journals Mouse-tracking reveals cognitive conflict during negative impression formation in women with Borderline Personality Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247955
Author(s):  
Johanna Hepp ◽  
Pascal J. Kieslich ◽  
Andrea M. Wycoff ◽  
Katja Bertsch ◽  
Christian Schmahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Negative Impression

Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) or Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) suffer from substantial interpersonal dysfunction and have difficulties establishing social bonds. A tendency to form negative first impressions of others could contribute to this by way of reducing approach behavior. We tested whether women with BPD or SAD would show negative impression formation compared to healthy women (HCs). We employed the Thin Slices paradigm and showed videos of 52 authentic target participants to 32 women with BPD, 29 women with SAD, and 37 HCs. We asked participants to evaluate whether different positive or negative adjectives described targets and expected BPD raters to provide the most negative ratings, followed by SAD and HC. BPD and SAD raters both agreed with negative adjectives more often than HCs (e.g., ‘Yes, the person is greedy’), and BPD raters rejected positive adjectives more often (e.g., ‘No, the person is not humble.’). However, BPD and SAD raters did not differ significantly from each other. Additionally, we used the novel process tracing method mouse-tracking to assess the cognitive conflict (via trajectory deviations) raters experienced during decision-making. We hypothesized that HCs would experience more conflict when making unfavorable (versus favorable) evaluations and that this pattern would flip in BPD and SAD. We quantified cognitive conflict via maximum absolute deviations (MADs) of the mouse-trajectories. As hypothesized, HCs showed more conflict when rejecting versus agreeing with positive adjectives. The pattern did not flip in BPD and SAD but was substantially reduced, such that BPD and SAD showed similar levels of conflict when rejecting and agreeing with positive adjectives. Contrary to the hypothesis for BPD and SAD, all three groups experienced substantial conflict when agreeing with negative adjectives. We discuss therapeutic implications of the combined choice and mouse-tracking results.

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