scholarly journals Individual Features in the Typology of the Nervous System and the Brain Activity Dynamics of Freestyle Wrestlers Exposed to a Strong Physical Activity (a Pilot Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Irina Polikanova ◽  
Sergey Leonov ◽  
Aleksey Isaev ◽  
Liudmila Liutsko
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Nowadays, knowledge of psychophysiological features, particularly on the nervous system’s characteristics, is essential in the sporting context, particularly for freestyle wrestling. The study aimed to investigate the peculiarities of the wrestlers’ nervous system—on the individual and electrophysiological levels in two functional states—in calm wakefulness and during intense physical fatigue. Psychological (Well-being, Activity, Mood; Spielberger–Hanin; Leonhard’s questionnaires), as well as electrophysiological techniques (dynamics of the dominant and average frequencies of the main electroencephalogram (EEG) spectra—theta, alpha, low and high-frequency beta rhythms), were used in the study. It was shown that athletes were mainly characterized by the hyperthymic type of character accentuation and a low frequency of theta rhythm in a calm wakefulness state. After the acute physical load, wrestlers with high hyperthymia showed a moderate increase in theta, whereas other athletes showed a decrease in this parameter. Regardless of the level of hyperthymic accentuation, all wrestlers were characterized by an increase in the frequency of alpha rhythm after exercises in the left hemisphere. These results suggest the existence of a particular functional system in freestyle wrestlers, which allows the body’s regulatory systems to be adapted for the effective implementation of sports activity.

scholarly journals Virtual Brain:Model-Based Framework for Dependable EEG Sensing and Actuation in Intelligent Brain IOT System

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
P Geetha ◽  
◽  
M. Nithya Sree ◽  
B Shifrah ◽  
V. S. Yageetha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Wearable Eeg ◽  
Energy Efficient Technology ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Real-time Brain IoT Systems are costly. But, developing a cheaper system has been accelerated greatly by the better research that is being done on Virtual Brain. The death of an important person on a secret mission is consider sensitive information and must be handled with as much security as possible. By ensuring this discreteness, the time taken for the message of their death to reach the relevant authority is increased to up to a few days. The time taken to deliver the message is too much. These days, the improvements in hardware increasing the abilities of the Virtual brain and of the wearable Brain IoT sensors have made the development of numerous new software frameworks possible for the developers to create useful applications that combine the human brain with IoT. Multiple sensory pathways are also enabled for communications of the human brain with larger sized data.The main aim of this project is to upload confidential documents onto the clouds securely as possible. Knowledge on how every individual thinks and recalls memory is found by the Virtual cerebrum undertaking. Both of the mentioned fields have been accelerated greatly in terms of development by these researches. This will in turn drive the need of an energy-efficient technology that supports the wider demands of the IoT. The brain activity extraction in IoT has been surveyed thoroughly in this project. This includes IoT models based on Electroencephalogram (EEG), machine learning and the current active platforms. The main findings of our survey highlights three major trends of development in the virtual brain development system, viz, IoT, EEGand cloud computing.Since the human body has a the low frequency range of 7Hz or below 7Hz, it cannot be detected by the EEG sensor. So, the wearable EEG sensor has a band that goes around the head. Once the individual is dead, the confidential information that is securely stored in the cloud can be sent to the mail id that was pre-registered by the user without any delay. This system is very time efficient.

TEMPORAL FLUCTUATIONS IN BIORHYTHMS: EXPRESSION OF SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY?

Fractals ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLAUS-D. KNIFFKI ◽  
WOLFGANG MANDEL ◽  
PHUOC TRAN-GIA
Keyword(s):  
Point Process ◽  
Critical State ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Temporal Fluctuations ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
The Individual

Recently, a general organizing principle has been reported connecting 1/f-noise with the self-similar scale-invariant ‘fractal’ properties in space, hence reflecting two sides of a coin, the so-called self-organized critical state. The basic idea is that dynamical systems with many degrees of freedom operate persistently far from equilibrium at or near a threshold of stability at the border of chaos. Temporal fluctuations which cannot be explained as consequences of statistically independent random events are found in a variety of physical and biological phenomena. The fluctuations of these systems can be characterized by a power spectrum density S(f) decaying as f−b at low frequencies with an exponent b<1.5. We present a new approach to describe the individual biorhythm of humans using data from a colleague who has kept daily records for two years of his state of well-being applying a fifty-point magnitude category scale. This time series was described as a point process by introducing two discriminating rating levels R for the occurrence of R≥40 and R≤10. For b<1 a new method to estimate the low frequency part of S(f) was applied using counting statistics without applying Fast Fourier Transform. The method applied reliably discriminates these types of fluctuations from a random point process, with b=0.0. It is very tempting to speculate that the neural mechanisms at various levels of the nervous system underlying the perception of different values of the subjective state of well-being, are expressions of a self-organized critical state.

scholarly journals The Effect of Music on Brain Activity an Emotional State

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Joana Cunha ◽  
Paulo Veloso Gomes ◽  
António Marques ◽  
Javier Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Component ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health And Well Being

This study explores the potential of music as a therapy element in digital therapy programs to improve mental health and well-being. Music induces an emotional component in the individual that translates into changes in their brain activity, which can be monitored through electroencephalography. A scoping review was conducted to identify the most recent relevant publications related to the effect of music on brain activity and emotional state in digital therapy programs. From 585 identified publications, six relevant publications were selected that meet all the requirements defined in the study.

Feelings from the Body Viewed as Emotions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. (Bud) Craig
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Subjective Awareness ◽  
Signaling Peptides ◽  
The Individual

This chapter discusses the fundamental significance of homeostasis and the autonomic nervous system. The goal of homeostasis is the balanced, energy-efficient maintenance of the integrity and health of the body in support of the well-being and advancement of the individual and the species. The optimal utilization of energy is key for the survival of every living organism, and it is an essential and decisive determinant of natural selection. Virtually every facet of homeostasis interacts with hormones, neuromodulators, and signaling peptides that are directly involved in energy balance. Ultimately, the need for optimal energy utilization in both body and brain is the evolutionary pressure that produced the progressive interoceptive integration in the insular cortex that led to the emergence of human subjective awareness.

Critical thinking as an indicator of decreasing the level of anxiety in the conditions of information and psychological war

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
L. Moroz ◽  
S. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual

The article reveals the possibility and feasibility of applying an environmental approach to understanding the mental state of the population, which considers itself a victim as a result of the information and psychological war that is being waged against the Ukraine by the media of the Russian Federation. At the individual level, personal anxiety factors are the properties of the higher nervous system, which determine endurance and sensitivity to the influence of stressors, flexibility of thinking, which contributes to successful adaptation to changing and unfavorable living conditions. The mental state of a person is largely dependent on the quality of life, the assessment of threats to well-being and safety.

scholarly journals EEG-Based Intersubject Correlations Reflect Selective Attention in a Competing Speaker Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rosenkranz ◽  
Björn Holtze ◽  
Manuela Jaeger ◽  
Stefan Debener
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Speech Envelope ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Several solutions have been proposed to study the relationship between ongoing brain activity and natural sensory stimuli, such as running speech. Computing the intersubject correlation (ISC) has been proposed as one possible approach. Previous evidence suggests that ISCs between the participants’ electroencephalogram (EEG) may be modulated by attention. The current study addressed this question in a competing-speaker paradigm, where participants (N = 41) had to attend to one of two concurrently presented speech streams. ISCs between participants’ EEG were higher for participants attending to the same story compared to participants attending to different stories. Furthermore, we found that ISCs between individual and group data predicted whether an individual attended to the left or right speech stream. Interestingly, the magnitude of the shared neural response with others attending to the same story was related to the individual neural representation of the attended and ignored speech envelope. Overall, our findings indicate that ISC differences reflect the magnitude of selective attentional engagement to speech.

scholarly journals Trait Self-Control Mediates the Association Between Resting-State Neural Correlates and Emotional Well-Being in Late Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Li ◽  
Guangcan Xiang ◽  
Shiqing Song ◽  
Mingyue Xiao ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Emotional Wellness

Abstract Trait self-control (TSC), defined as the capacity to alter predominant response to promote desirable long-term goals, has been found to facilitate emotional well-being (EWB). However, the neural correlates underlying this association remain unclear. The present study estimated resting-state brain activity and connectivity with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity (rsFC) among late adolescents. Whole-brain correlation analysis showed that higher TSC was associated with increased ALFF in regions within the executive control network (inferior frontal gyrus, IFG) and the salience network (anterior insula, AI) and decreased ALFF in regions (e.g., medial frontal gyrus, MFG; posterior cingulate, PC) within the default-mode network (DMN). TSC was also linked with the integration (e.g., increased IFG-PC connectivity) and segregation (e.g., decreased AI-MFG connectivity) among brain networks. Mediation analysis indicated that TSC totally mediated the links from the IFG and the precuneus, FC of the AI and regions of the DMN (e.g., bilateral PC, MFG), to EWB. Additionally, ALFF in the IFG and the MFG could predict negative affect in the pandemic through TSC. These findings suggest that TSC is involved in several regions and functional organizations within and between brain networks and mediated the association between neural correlates and emotional wellness in adolescence.

The Red Neuronal Pigment in the Nervous System of the Mussel, Mytilus Edulis: Localization and Its Effect on Lateral Ciliary Activity with Spectral and Analytical Changes

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Paparo ◽  
Judith A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cryostat Sections

The purpose of this study was to localize the red neuronal pigment in Mytilus edulis and examine its role in the control of lateral ciliary activity in the gill. The visceral ganglia (Vg) in the central nervous system show an over al red pigmentation. Most red pigments examined in squash preps and cryostat sec tions were localized in the neuronal cell bodies and proximal axon regions. Unstained cryostat sections showed highly localized patches of this pigment scattered throughout the cells in the form of dense granular masses about 5-7 um in diameter, with the individual granules ranging from 0.6-1.3 um in diame ter. Tissue stained with Gomori's method for Fe showed bright blue granular masses of about the same size and structure as previously seen in unstained cryostat sections.Thick section microanalysis (Fig.l) confirmed both the localization and presence of Fe in the nerve cell. These nerve cells of the Vg share with other pigmented photosensitive cells the common cytostructural feature of localization of absorbing molecules in intracellular organelles where they are tightly ordered in fine substructures.

The Attenuation of Very Low Frequency Brain Oscillations in Transitions from a Rest State to Active Attention

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzannah K. Helps ◽  
Samantha J. Broyd ◽  
Christopher J. James ◽  
Anke Karl ◽  
Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interference Hypothesis ◽  
Mode Interference

Background: The default mode interference hypothesis ( Sonuga-Barke & Castellanos, 2007 ) predicts (1) the attenuation of very low frequency oscillations (VLFO; e.g., .05 Hz) in brain activity within the default mode network during the transition from rest to task, and (2) that failures to attenuate in this way will lead to an increased likelihood of periodic attention lapses that are synchronized to the VLFO pattern. Here, we tested these predictions using DC-EEG recordings within and outside of a previously identified network of electrode locations hypothesized to reflect DMN activity (i.e., S3 network; Helps et al., 2008 ). Method: 24 young adults (mean age 22.3 years; 8 male), sampled to include a wide range of ADHD symptoms, took part in a study of rest to task transitions. Two conditions were compared: 5 min of rest (eyes open) and a 10-min simple 2-choice RT task with a relatively high sampling rate (ISI 1 s). DC-EEG was recorded during both conditions, and the low-frequency spectrum was decomposed and measures of the power within specific bands extracted. Results: Shift from rest to task led to an attenuation of VLFO activity within the S3 network which was inversely associated with ADHD symptoms. RT during task also showed a VLFO signature. During task there was a small but significant degree of synchronization between EEG and RT in the VLFO band. Attenuators showed a lower degree of synchrony than nonattenuators. Discussion: The results provide some initial EEG-based support for the default mode interference hypothesis and suggest that failure to attenuate VLFO in the S3 network is associated with higher synchrony between low-frequency brain activity and RT fluctuations during a simple RT task. Although significant, the effects were small and future research should employ tasks with a higher sampling rate to increase the possibility of extracting robust and stable signals.

Engaged Study of the Qur'an: Gauging its Effect on the Life of the Individual and of Society

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Ruqayya Ṭā Hā Jābir al-cUlwānī
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Social Advancement ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
The Individual

An engaged and perceptive contemplation of the Qur'an forms one of the most important bases for the cultural and social advancement of Muslims in all walks of life, and the absence of such study is one of the reasons behind the general cultural attenuation in the modern world. Reflection is one of the means of the construction and formation of a civilised society. The applied faculty of intellect creates an environment which allows reflective and considered thought to be developed from a functional perspective for the general well-being of society. Meanwhile the effective neglect of such study leads to the proliferation of superstition, dissent and social conflict. Indeed it can even be argued that it diminishes the significance of the laws and conventions which serve as the backbone of society. This paper reveals a number of factors which can impede the achievement of such an engaged study of the text: thus, for instance, thoughtless obedience to societal conventions; shortcomings in educational systems and syllabi; and a failure to encompass the significance of the Arabic language. Furthermore this paper presents several effective suggestions for nurturing students' potential, encouraging an environment which allows freedom of thought, and its refinement.

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