scholarly journals Design of a Wearable Eye-Movement Detection System Based on Electrooculography Signals and Its Experimental Validation

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Chin-Teng Lin ◽  
Wei-Ling Jiang ◽  
Sheng-Fu Chen ◽  
Kuan-Chih Huang ◽  
Lun-De Liao
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Research Area ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Classification Algorithm ◽  
Human Computer Interface

In the assistive research area, human–computer interface (HCI) technology is used to help people with disabilities by conveying their intentions and thoughts to the outside world. Many HCI systems based on eye movement have been proposed to assist people with disabilities. However, due to the complexity of the necessary algorithms and the difficulty of hardware implementation, there are few general-purpose designs that consider practicality and stability in real life. Therefore, to solve these limitations and problems, an HCI system based on electrooculography (EOG) is proposed in this study. The proposed classification algorithm provides eye-state detection, including the fixation, saccade, and blinking states. Moreover, this algorithm can distinguish among ten kinds of saccade movements (i.e., up, down, left, right, farther left, farther right, up-left, down-left, up-right, and down-right). In addition, we developed an HCI system based on an eye-movement classification algorithm. This system provides an eye-dialing interface that can be used to improve the lives of people with disabilities. The results illustrate the good performance of the proposed classification algorithm. Moreover, the EOG-based system, which can detect ten different eye-movement features, can be utilized in real-life applications.

scholarly journals Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2182-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar C Jagadale ◽  
Dhanya S Murali ◽  
Shi-Wei Chu
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Thin Sample ◽  
Channel Detection ◽  
Novel Method

Nonlinear nanoplasmonics is a largely unexplored research area that paves the way for many exciting applications, such as nanolasers, nanoantennas, and nanomodulators. In the field of nonlinear nanoplasmonics, it is highly desirable to characterize the nonlinearity of the optical absorption and scattering of single nanostructures. Currently, the common method to quantify optical nonlinearity is the z-scan technique, which yields real and imaginary parts of the permittivity by moving a thin sample with a laser beam. However, z-scan typically works with thin films, and thus acquires nonlinear responses from ensembles of nanostructures, not from single ones. In this work, we present an x-scan technique that is based on a confocal laser scanning microscope equipped with forward and backward detectors. The two-channel detection offers the simultaneous quantification for the nonlinear behavior of scattering, absorption and total attenuation by a single nanostructure. At low excitation intensities, both scattering and absorption responses are linear, thus confirming the linearity of the detection system. At high excitation intensities, we found that the nonlinear response can be derived directly from the point spread function of the x-scan images. Exceptionally large nonlinearities of both scattering and absorption are unraveled simultaneously for the first time. The present study not only provides a novel method for characterizing nonlinearity of a single nanostructure, but also reports surprisingly large plasmonic nonlinearities.

scholarly journals Extending QGroundControl for Automated Mission Planning of UAVs

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Ramirez-Atencia ◽  
David Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Human Computer Interface ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
Operator Workload ◽  
Selection Of

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become very popular in the last decade due to some advantages such as strong terrain adaptation, low cost, zero casualties, and so on. One of the most interesting advances in this field is the automation of mission planning (task allocation) and real-time replanning, which are highly useful to increase the autonomy of the vehicle and reduce the operator workload. These automated mission planning and replanning systems require a Human Computer Interface (HCI) that facilitates the visualization and selection of plans that will be executed by the vehicles. In addition, most missions should be assessed before their real-life execution. This paper extends QGroundControl, an open-source simulation environment for flight control of multiple vehicles, by adding a mission designer that permits the operator to build complex missions with tasks and other scenario items; an interface for automated mission planning and replanning, which works as a test bed for different algorithms, and a Decision Support System (DSS) that helps the operator in the selection of the plan. In this work, a complete guide of these systems and some practical use cases are provided

Energy Harvesting for Smart Shoes: A Real Life Application

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Frontoni ◽  
Adriano Mancini ◽  
Primo Zingaretti ◽  
Andrea Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Microprocessor Technology

Advanced technical developments have increased the efficiency of devices in capturing trace amounts of energy from the environment (such as from human movements) and transforming them into electrical energy (e.g., to instantly charge mobile devices). In addition, advancements in microprocessor technology have increased power efficiency, effectively reducing power consumption requirements. In combination, these developments have sparked interest in the engineering community to develop more and more applications that utilize energy harvesting for power. The approach here described aims to designing and manufacturing an innovative easy-to-use and general-purpose device for energy harvesting in general purpose shoes. The novelty of this device is the integration of polymer and ceramic piezomaterials accomplished by injection molding. In this spirit, this paper examines different devices that can be built into a shoe, (where excess energy is readily harvested) and used for generating electrical power while walking. A Main purpose is the development of an indoor localization system embedded in shoes that periodically broadcasts a digital RFID as the bearer walks. Results are encouraging and real life test are conducted on the first series of prototypes.

scholarly journals Investigation of Effective Factors on Calving Interval of Cows in Faryab Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Saifullah Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Research Area ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of factors (Identification of female cows, timely insemination of identified begging cows, diseases related to the reproductive system and nutrition) on the calving interval of dairy cows in Faryab province. Whereas, the long interval between two deliveries due to the identification of female cows, the increase in the number of inseminations (due to the failure of previous insemination), poor nutritional management and genital infections cause a long interval between calving to retrieval of cows. In that case, it will significantly reduce milk production and livestock income, because calving interval is one of the most important indicators of reproduction and economic characteristics of dairy cows, which is the interval between two calving intervals. Under the best of circumstances, one cow gives birth to only one calf per year. Calves born are important from both the point of view of meat production and replacement of old and low-producing cows. Identifying the effective factors and their effects on the calving interval between dairy cows and preventing the economic losses of dairy farmers due to increasing the calving interval between calves are the general purpose of this research. In this research, Andkhoy, Qurghan and other Faryab districts were randomly selected from three villages in each district and 10 owners from each village, which included three districts, 9 villages and nine livestock, respectively. The results of the present research showed that the interval between calving of dairy cows in the research area was due to the untimely identification of female cows by herders, increasing the number of inseminations due to the failure of previous inseminations of diseases related to the reproductive system and inadequate nutrition. The average time after delivery for the uterus to return to its previous state was 465 days.

High Definition Systems Usability Test Tool (HUTT): A Human-Computer Interface Prototyping Tool

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (15) ◽  
pp. 1040-1040
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Heasly ◽  
Lisa A. Dutra ◽  
Mark Kirkpatrick ◽  
Thomas L. Seamster ◽  
Robert A. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Human Computer Interface ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Usability Test ◽  
Operator Console

The High Definition Systems Usability Test Tool (HUTT) was developed to demonstrate and assess different human-computer interface (HCI) concepts for generic operator console positions within an advanced naval tactical display environment. To facilitate a “rapid prototyping” approach to interface development, HUTT was developed as a general purpose tool. The HUTT can be used by the human factors engineer as a rapid prototyping tool enabling quick construction and evaluation of alternative interface concepts. Changes to the organization and operation of a prototype can be made quickly, ensuring that more time can be spent on evaluation as compared to development. The demonstration will focus on the uses and operation of the HUTT. Demonstration participants will be shown how to develop, install and modify the OSF/Motif compliant graphics (pull-down menu structure and window contents) and the functionality of the HUTT to reflect changes in interface concepts.

Business Document Exchange between Small Companies

2011 ◽  
pp. 482-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Bonfatti ◽  
Paola Daniela Monari ◽  
Luca Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Electronic Market ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Reference Ontology ◽  
Working Practices

This chapter is aimed at presenting a practical approach, and its technological implementation, for enabling small companies to exchange business documents in different formats and languages with minimal impact on their legacy systems and working practices. The proposed solution differs from the general-purpose or theoretical approaches reported in other chapters of this book, as it is intended to focus on the basic interoperability requirements of small companies in their real life. Special attention is spent to show how to define a minimal reference ontology, use it for annotating the data fields in legacy systems, and map it onto existing standards in order to remove the cultural and technical obstacles for small companies to join the global electronic market. These techniques have been studied and prototyped, and are presently validated, by some EU-funded projects.

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