scholarly journals Recent Advances in Novel Lateral Flow Technologies for Detection of COVID-19

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao ◽  
Trong-Nghia Le ◽  
Dinh Minh Pham ◽  
Hui-Hsin Ko ◽  
Huan-Cheng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The development of reliable and robust diagnostic tests is one of the most efficient methods to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, most laboratory diagnostics for COVID-19, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), are expensive, time-consuming, and require highly trained professional operators. On the other hand, the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a simpler, cheaper device that can be operated by unskilled personnel easily. Unfortunately, the current technique has some limitations, mainly inaccuracy in detection. This review article aims to highlight recent advances in novel lateral flow technologies for detecting SARS-CoV-2 as well as innovative approaches to achieve highly sensitive and specific point-of-care testing. Lastly, we discuss future perspectives on how smartphones and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be integrated to revolutionize disease detection as well as disease control and surveillance.

scholarly journals RT-PCR Method for Detecting Cowpea Mottle Carmovirus in Vigna Germ Plasm

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Gillaspie ◽  
S. E. Mitchell ◽  
G. W. Stuart ◽  
R. F. Bozarth
Keyword(s):  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
The Common ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A highly sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed to detect cowpea mottle carmovirus (CPMoV) in newly acquired germ plasm of Vigna spp. It detected virus in tissues diluted up to 10-9. The preferred primers were designed from the RNA replicase cDNA sequence of CPMoV. These primers were able to detect CPMoV in plants infected with 10 different isolates of the virus. There were no cross-reactions with either bean mild mosaic or melon necrotic spot carmoviruses or any of the common cowpea viral pathogens tested. The RT-PCR method was up to 105 times more sensitive than direct antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA) in detecting CPMoV. The RT-PCR method gave no false positive reaction as is sometimes seen with ELISA.

scholarly journals A low-cost smartphone-based platform for highly sensitive point-of-care testing with persistent luminescent phosphors

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Paterson ◽  
Balakrishnan Raja ◽  
Vinay Mandadi ◽  
Blane Townsend ◽  
Miles Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
Gated Imaging

Time-gated imaging on a smartphone of a lateral flow test strip run with persistent luminescent nanophosphors.

scholarly journals A SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Antigen-Detecting Lateral Flow Assay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben D Grant ◽  
Caitlin E Anderson ◽  
Spencer H Garing ◽  
Luis F Alonzo ◽  
John R Williford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Optical Reader ◽  
Polymerase Chain

<p></p><p>Inexpensive, simple, rapid diagnostics are necessary for efficient detection, treatment and mitigation of COVID‑19. Currently, the primary diagnostic tool being utilized is reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR delivers results with good sensitivity and excellent specificity, but is expensive, prone to access challenges and is often slowed by transport to centralized testing laboratories. Antigen-based assays are inexpensive and can be rapidly mass-produced and deployed, with lateral flow assays (LFAs) being the most common inexpensive antigen test. To date, few antigen-detecting LFAs for COVID-19 have been commercialized. Herein, we present an open source LFA using commercially available antibodies and materials for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Using an optical reader with comparable sensitivity to a visual read, the LFA yielded a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 23 TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL (95% CI of 9.1 to 37 TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL), equivalent to 1.4x10<sup>5</sup> copies/mL (95% CI of 5.5x10<sup>4</sup> to 2.3x10<sup>5</sup> copies/mL) irradiated virus in pooled nasal matrix. This LOD meets the criteria suggested by WHO for diagnosis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in a point of care format. A clinical evaluation and further testing is ongoing.</p><p></p>

scholarly journals Recent Advances of Fluid Manipulation Technologies in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (μPADs) toward Multi-Step Assays

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehoon H. Kim ◽  
Young Ki Hahn ◽  
Minseok S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Medical Benefits ◽  
Diagnostic Cost ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Fluid Manipulation

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been suggested as alternatives for developing countries with suboptimal medical conditions because of their low diagnostic cost, high portability, and disposable characteristics. Recently, paper-based diagnostic devices enabling multi-step assays have been drawing attention, as they allow complicated tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which were previously only conducted in the laboratory, to be performed on-site. In addition, user convenience and price of paper-based diagnostic devices are other competitive points over other point-of-care testing (POCT) devices, which are more critical in developing countries. Fluid manipulation technologies in paper play a key role in realizing multi-step assays via μPADs, and the expansion of biochemical applications will provide developing countries with more medical benefits. Therefore, we herein aimed to investigate recent fluid manipulation technologies utilized in paper-based devices and to introduce various approaches adopting several principles to control fluids on papers. Fluid manipulation technologies are classified into passive and active methods. While passive valves are structurally simple and easy to fabricate, they are difficult to control in terms of flow at a specific spatiotemporal condition. On the contrary, active valves are more complicated and mostly require external systems, but they provide much freedom of fluid manipulation and programmable operation. Both technologies have been revolutionized in the way to compensate for their limitations, and their advances will lead to improved performance of μPADs, increasing the level of healthcare around the world.

Portable and multiplexed lateral flow immunoassay reader based on SERS for highly sensitive point-of-care testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 112524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xiao ◽  
Luchun Lu ◽  
Zhen Rong ◽  
Chongwen Wang ◽  
Yongjin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Lateral Flow Immunoassay ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Highly Sensitive

scholarly journals Lassa Virus Diagnostic Platforms: Limitations and Prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Yahaya Hassan ◽  
Abdulhadi Sale Kumurya ◽  
Ibrahim Aminu ◽  
Sanusi Rahinatu Sharfadi ◽  
Abdullahi Alhassan Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Isothermal Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Thermal Cycler ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
And Control

Background: Lassa virus (LASV) is the cause of lassa fever (LF) belonging to the Arenaviridae family. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult because of symptoms commonality with other infectious diseases. Early and rapid diagnosis is critical for therapy initiation and LF transmission prevention and control. Aims: This review aims to highlight current diagnostic platforms and prospects of new emerging sensitive platforms. Methodology: Available published articles on LASV diagnostics with a focus on current methods: virus culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT – PCR) and rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) were reviewed based on their performances and limitations. Prospects of new diagnostic platforms: mobile health, microfluidic, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas), Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for LASV diagnosis were also reviewed. Results: Low sensitivity of the ELISA platform during the window period of LASV infection was observed. Moreover, RT – PCR findings indicated limitation of expertise necessity, cost of thermal cycler, and dedicated facility. Molecular-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostic development should be prioritized to increase speed and sensitivity. Conclusion: The integration of POC device into molecular isothermal method against LASV scourge will be a success story in curving intermittent outbreaks in endemic areas and prompt clinical management.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Detection Methods for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Aziz Eftekhari ◽  
Mahdieh Alipour ◽  
Leila Chodari ◽  
Solmaz Maleki Dizaj ◽  
Mohammadreza Ardalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Methods

Recently, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in China and its subsequent spread across the world has caused numerous infections and deaths and disrupted normal social activity. Presently, various techniques are used for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with various advantages and weaknesses to each. In this paper, we summarize promising methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), serological testing, point-of-care testing, smartphone surveillance of infectious diseases, nanotechnology-based approaches, biosensors, amplicon-based metagenomic sequencing, smartphone, and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) that can also be utilized for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we discuss principles, advantages, and disadvantages of these detection methods, and highlight the potential methods for the development of additional techniques and products for early and fast detection of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals A SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Antigen-Detecting Lateral Flow Assay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben D Grant ◽  
Caitlin E Anderson ◽  
Spencer H Garing ◽  
Luis F Alonzo ◽  
John R Williford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Optical Reader ◽  
Polymerase Chain

<p></p><p>Inexpensive, simple, rapid diagnostics are necessary for efficient detection, treatment and mitigation of COVID‑19. Currently, the primary diagnostic tool being utilized is reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR delivers results with good sensitivity and excellent specificity, but is expensive, prone to access challenges and is often slowed by transport to centralized testing laboratories. Antigen-based assays are inexpensive and can be rapidly mass-produced and deployed, with lateral flow assays (LFAs) being the most common inexpensive antigen test. To date, few antigen-detecting LFAs for COVID-19 have been commercialized. Herein, we present an open source LFA using commercially available antibodies and materials for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Using an optical reader with comparable sensitivity to a visual read, the LFA yielded a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 23 TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL (95% CI of 9.1 to 37 TCID<sub>50</sub>/mL), equivalent to 1.4x10<sup>5</sup> copies/mL (95% CI of 5.5x10<sup>4</sup> to 2.3x10<sup>5</sup> copies/mL) irradiated virus in pooled nasal matrix. This LOD meets the criteria suggested by WHO for diagnosis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in a point of care format. A clinical evaluation and further testing is ongoing.</p><p></p>

scholarly journals Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Mariana Ulinici ◽  
Serghei Covantev ◽  
James Wingfield-Digby ◽  
Apostolos Beloukas ◽  
Alexander G. Mathioudakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Diagnostic Screening ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Prognostic Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antigen Testing

While molecular testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold-standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening, more rapid or affordable molecular and antigen testing options have been developed. More affordable, point-of-care antigen testing, despite being less sensitive compared to molecular assays, might be preferable for wider screening initiatives. Simple laboratory, imaging and clinical parameters could facilitate prognostication and triage. This comprehensive review summarises current evidence on the diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests for COVID-19.

scholarly journals LAMP-based foldable microdevice platform for the rapid detection of Magnaporthe oryzae and Sarocladium oryzae in rice seed

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Prasannakumar ◽  
P. Buela Parivallal ◽  
Devanna Pramesh ◽  
H. B. Mahesh ◽  
Edwin Raj
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Template Dna ◽  
Assay Conditions

AbstractRice blast (caused by Magnaporthe oryzae) and sheath rot diseases (caused by Sarocladium oryzae) are the most predominant seed-borne pathogens of rice. The detection of both pathogens in rice seed is essential to avoid production losses. In the present study, a microdevice platform was designed, which works on the principles of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect M. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seeds. Initially, a LAMP, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and helicase dependent amplification (HDA) assays were developed with primers, specifically targeting M. oryzae and S. oryzae genome. The LAMP assay was highly efficient and could detect the presence of M. oryzae and S. oryzae genome at a concentration down to 100 fg within 20 min at 60 °C. Further, the sensitivity of the LAMP, HDA, PCR, and qPCR assays were compared wherein; the LAMP assay was highly sensitive up to 100 fg of template DNA. Using the optimized LAMP assay conditions, a portable foldable microdevice platform was developed to detect M. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seeds. The foldable microdevice assay was similar to that of conventional LAMP assay with respect to its sensitivity (up to 100 fg), rapidity (30 min), and specificity. This platform could serve as a prototype for developing on-field diagnostic kits to be used at the point of care centers for the rapid diagnosis of M. oryzae and S. oryzae in rice seeds. This is the first study to report a LAMP-based foldable microdevice platform to detect any plant pathogens.

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