scholarly journals Wearable Biosensors for Non-Invasive Sweat Diagnostics

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Yunsheng Fang ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health States ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthcare Monitoring ◽  
Medical Modeling ◽  
Level Monitoring

Recent advances in microfluidics, microelectronics, and electrochemical sensing methods have steered the way for the development of novel and potential wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring. Wearable bioelectronics has received tremendous attention worldwide due to its great a potential for predictive medical modeling and allowing for personalized point-of-care-testing (POCT). They possess many appealing characteristics, for example, lightweight, flexibility, good stretchability, conformability, and low cost. These characteristics make wearable bioelectronics a promising platform for personalized devices. In this paper, we review recent progress in flexible and wearable sensors for non-invasive biomonitoring using sweat as the bio-fluid. Real-time and molecular-level monitoring of personal health states can be achieved with sweat-based or perspiration-based wearable biosensors. The suitability of sweat and its potential in healthcare monitoring, sweat extraction, and the challenges encountered in sweat-based analysis are summarized. The paper also discusses challenges that still hinder the full-fledged development of sweat-based wearables and presents the areas of future research.

scholarly journals Rapid Mass Spectrometric Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer via Urine Carbonyl Metabolic Fingerprints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongxiu Nie ◽  
Yuze Li ◽  
Lixia Jiang ◽  
Zhenpeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Rapid Mass ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract The diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC) is currently based on cystoscopy, which is invasive and expensive. Here, we described a non-invasive, low-cost BC diagnosis method based on a desorption, separation, and ionization mass spectrometry platform (DSI-MS) that adopts N, N- Dimethylethylenediamine (DMED) as a differential labeling reagent. The DSI-MS platform avoids the interferences from intra- and/or inter-samples, while the DMED increases detection sensitivity and distinguishes carboxyl, aldehyde, and ketone groups from untreated samples. Carbonyl metabolic fingerprints of urine from 28 BC patients and 38 controls were portrayed and significant differences of some potential biomarkers were observed. The mechanisms of the changes have been discussed. Logistic regression (LR) was applied to discriminate BC from controls and an accuracy of 87% was achieved. We believe this patient-friendly method provides a hopeful approach for BC rapid point-of-care diagnostic.

scholarly journals 2D Materials in Development of Electrochemical Point-of-Care Cancer Screening Devices

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadniaei ◽  
Huynh Vu Nguyen ◽  
My Van Tieu ◽  
Min-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
2D Material

Effective cancer treatment requires early detection and monitoring the development progress in a simple and affordable manner. Point-of care (POC) screening can provide a portable and inexpensive tool for the end-users to conveniently operate test and screen their health conditions without the necessity of special skills. Electrochemical methods hold great potential for clinical analysis of variety of chemicals and substances as well as cancer biomarkers due to their low cost, high sensitivity, multiplex detection ability, and miniaturization aptitude. Advances in two-dimensional (2D) material-based electrochemical biosensors/sensors are accelerating the performance of conventional devices toward more practical approaches. Here, recent trends in the development of 2D material-based electrochemical biosensors/sensors, as the next generation of POC cancer screening tools, are summarized. Three cancer biomarker categories, including proteins, nucleic acids, and some small molecules, will be considered. Various 2D materials will be introduced and their biomedical applications and electrochemical properties will be given. The role of 2D materials in improving the performance of electrochemical sensing mechanisms as well as the pros and cons of current sensors as the prospective devices for POC screening will be emphasized. Finally, the future scopes of implementing 2D materials in electrochemical POC cancer diagnostics for the clinical translation will be discussed.

Emergency echocardiography

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 496-498
Author(s):  
Aleksandar N. Neskovic ◽  
Ivan Stankovic ◽  
Predrag Milicevic
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Cardiac Emergencies ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Emergency Echocardiography

Reaching a diagnosis in unstable patients presenting with symptoms and signs suggestive of acute cardiovascular pathology usually requires a focused patient’s history, physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram, and additional laboratory tests and imaging studies. It seems unarguable that echocardiography fits better than any currently available imaging technique for use in challenging emergency situations: it is low-cost, non-invasive, widely accessible, portable, and accurately describes cardiac morphology and function. It can be rapidly performed virtually everywhere while the instantly available results of the examination allow prompt initiation of appropriate therapy. These facts may explain the evolving use of echocardiography by non-cardiologists or cardiologists without specific expertise, and the increasing trend of using focus cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) as a bedside, point-of-care diagnostic test during initial evaluation in cardiac emergencies.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Based NFC Potentiostat for Wireless Electrochemical Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Karnpimon Krorakai ◽  
Supannika Klangphukhiew ◽  
Sirinan Kulchat ◽  
Rina Patramanon
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
User Friendly

Most electrochemical sensing requires affordable, portable and easy-to-use electrochemical devices for use in point-of-care testing and resource-limited settings. This work presents the design and evaluates the analytical performance of a near-field communication (NFC) potentiostat, a flat card-sized electrochemical device containing a microchip for electrical analysis and an NFC antenna for smartphone connection. The NFC interface is a wireless connection between the microchip and smartphone to simplify measuring units and make the potentiostat into a passive operated device, running without a battery. The proposed potentiostat can perform the common electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry with a current range and voltage range of ±20 µA and ±0.8 V. The performance of the NFC potentiostat is compared to a commercial benchtop potentiostat using ferricyanide as a standard solution. The results show that the NFC potentiostat is comparable to a commercial benchtop potentiostat for both cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. The application of the proposed potentiostat is demonstrated by measuring ascorbic acid concentration. As described, the NFC potentiostat, which is compatible with a smartphone, is low-cost, small in size and user-friendly. Thus, the device can be developed for on-site measurement to apply in various fields.

scholarly journals Label free, electric field mediated ultrasensitive electrochemical point-of-care device for CEA detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chakraborty ◽  
A. Das ◽  
N. Mandal ◽  
N. Samanta ◽  
N. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Hybrid Nanostructures ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Electron Transfer Rate

AbstractDeveloping point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic platforms for carcinoembryonic antigen detection is essential. However, thefew implementations of transferring the signal amplification strategies in electrochemical sensing on paper-based platforms are not satisfactory in terms of detection limit (LOD). In the quest for pushing down LOD, majority of the research has been targeted towards development of improved nanostructured substrates for entrapping more analyte molecules and augmenting the electron transfer rate to the working electrode. But, such approaches have reached saturation. This paper focuses on enhancing the mass transport of the analyte towards the sensor surface through the application of an electric field, in graphene-ZnO nanorods heterostructure. These hybrid nanostructures have been deposited on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates with screen printed electrodes for PoC application. The ZnO nanorods have been functionalized with aptamers and the working sensor has been integrated with smartphone interfaced indigenously developed low cost potentiostat. The performance of the system, requiring only 50 µl analyte has been evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and validated against commercially available ELISA kit. Limit of detection of 1 fg/ml in human serum with 6.5% coefficient of variation has been demonstrated, which is more than three orders of magnitude lower than the existing attempts on PoC device.

A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (63) ◽  
pp. 8968-8971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Fei Lu ◽  
Jianbo Wang ◽  
Kaiye Wang ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnose Lung Cancer ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Exosomal Mirna

A low-cost, easy-to-operate, highly sensitive and effective lung cancer diagnostic kit (LCDK) was developed, and can realize non-invasive detection of early-, middle- and late-stage lung cancers using clinical salivary and urine samples.

scholarly journals In Vitro Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Activated Macrophages via a Platinum Microelectrode Array

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5607
Author(s):  
Victor M. Carriere ◽  
Jolin P. Rodrigues ◽  
Chao Tan ◽  
Prabhu Arumugam ◽  
Scott Poh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Oxidative stress, an excess of endogenous or exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human body, is closely aligned with inflammatory responses. ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide, and radical hydroxyl ions serve essential functions in fighting infection; however, chronic elevation of these species irreversibly damages cellular components. Given the central role of inflammation in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis, a low-cost, extracellular, non-invasive assay of H2O2 measurement is needed. This work reports the use of a platinum microelectrode array (Pt MEA)-based ceramic probe to detect time- and concentration-dependent variations in H2O2 production by activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. First, these cells were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce oxidative stress. Chronoamperometry was then employed to detect the quantity of H2O2 released by cells at various time intervals up to 48 h. The most stimulatory concentration of LPS was identified. Further experiments assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone (Dex), a commonly prescribed steroid medication. As expected, the probe detected significantly increased H2O2 production by LPS-doped macrophages, subsequently diminishing the pro-inflammatory effect in LPS-doped cells treated with Dex. These results strongly support the use of this probe as a non-invasive, robust, point-of-care test of inflammation, with a high potential for multiplexing in further studies.

scholarly journals An update on non-invasive urine diagnostics for human-infecting parasitic helminths: what more could be done and how?

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Archer ◽  
James E. LaCourse ◽  
Bonnie L. Webster ◽  
J. Russell. Stothard
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Reliable Diagnosis

AbstractReliable diagnosis of human helminth infection(s) is essential for ongoing disease surveillance and disease elimination. Current WHO-recommended diagnostic assays are unreliable in low-endemic near-elimination settings and typically involve the invasive, onerous and potentially hazardous sampling of bodily fluids such as stool and blood, as well as tissue via biopsy. In contrast, diagnosis by use of non-invasive urine sampling is generally painless, more convenient and low risk. It negates the need for specialist staff, can usually be obtained immediately upon request and is better accepted by patients. In some instances, urine-based diagnostic assays have also been shown to provide a more reliable diagnosis of infection when compared to traditional methods that require alternative and more invasive bodily samples, particularly in low-endemicity settings. Given these relative benefits, we identify and review current research literature to evaluate whether non-invasive urine sampling is currently exploited to its full potential in the development of diagnostic tools for human helminthiases. Though further development, assessment and validation are needed before their routine use in control programmes, low-cost, rapid and reliable assays capable of detecting transrenal helminth-derived antigens and cell-free DNA show excellent promise for future use at the point-of-care in high-, medium- and even low-endemicity elimination settings.

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