scholarly journals Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Detection: A Brief Review

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Pu Huang ◽  
Lijun Xu ◽  
Yuedong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Theory ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Electromagnetic Detection

This paper presents a review on the biomedical applications of electromagnetic detection in recent years. First of all, the thermal, non-thermal, and cumulative thermal effects of electromagnetic field on organism and their biological mechanisms are introduced. According to the electromagnetic biological theory, the main parameters affecting electromagnetic biological effects are frequency and intensity. This review subsequently makes a brief review about the related biomedical application of electromagnetic detection and biosensors using frequency as a clue, such as health monitoring, food preservation, and disease treatment. In addition, electromagnetic detection in combination with machine learning (ML) technology has been used in clinical diagnosis because of its powerful feature extraction capabilities. Therefore, the relevant research involving the application of ML technology to electromagnetic medical images are summarized. Finally, the future development to electromagnetic detection for biomedical applications are presented.

scholarly journals Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Technology for Biomedical Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Ruchel Khanikar ◽  
Heremba Bailung
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Plasma Parameters

Cold plasma generated in an open environment with a temperature nearly around room temperature has recently been a topic of great importance. It has unlocked the door of plasma application in a new direction: biomedical applications. Cold atmospheric pressure (CAP) plasma comprises various neutral and charged reactive species, UV radiations, electric current/fields etc., which have several impactful effects on biological matter. Some of the significant biological effects of CAP plasma are inactivation of microorganism, stimulation of cell proliferation and tissue regeneration, destruction of cells by initializing apoptosis etc. Although the detailed mechanism of action of plasma on biomaterials is still not completely understood, some basic principles are known. Studies have indicated that the reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) play a crucial role in the observed biological effects. In this perspective, this chapter first provides a brief discussion on the fundamentals of CAP plasma and its generation methods. Then a discussion on the optical diagnostics methods to characterize the plasma is provided. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to identify the reactive species and to measure their relative concentration. Other important plasma parameters such as gas temperature, electron/excitation temperature and electron density measurement methods using OES have also been discussed. Then a discussion on the application of CAP plasma in biomedical field is provided. A thorough understanding of biochemical reaction mechanisms involving highly reactive plasma species will further improve and extend CAP plasma technology in biomedical applications.

Graphene and Graphene-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
pp. 6834-6850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omaish Ansari ◽  
Kalamegam Gauthaman ◽  
Abdurahman Essa ◽  
Sidi A. Bencherif ◽  
Adnan Memic
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Drug And Gene Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Fields

: Nanobiotechnology has huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine. One of the main drivers has been the development of novel nanomaterials. One developing class of materials is graphene and its derivatives recognized for their novel properties present on the nanoscale. In particular, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have been shown to have excellent electrical, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. Due to these unique properties coupled with the ability to tune their biocompatibility, these nanomaterials have been propelled for various applications. Most recently, these two-dimensional nanomaterials have been widely recognized for their utility in biomedical research. In this review, a brief overview of the strategies to synthesize graphene and its derivatives are discussed. Next, the biocompatibility profile of these nanomaterials as a precursor to their biomedical application is reviewed. Finally, recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in various biomedical fields including tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, biosensing and bioimaging as well as other biorelated studies are highlighted.

Cellulose Nanofibrils-based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Progresses and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (28) ◽  
pp. 4622-4646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayu Liu ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Hongxiang Xie ◽  
Chuanling Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Tissue Scaffold ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Mechanical Methods

Background: Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNFs) are natural nanomaterials with nanometer dimensions. Compared with ordinary cellulose, CNFs own good mechanical properties, large specific surface areas, high Young's modulus, strong hydrophilicity and other distinguishing characteristics, which make them widely used in many fields. This review aims to introduce the preparation of CNFs-based hydrogels and their recent biomedical application advances. Methods: By searching the recent literatures, we have summarized the preparation methods of CNFs, including mechanical methods and chemical mechanical methods, and also introduced the fabrication methods of CNFs-based hydrogels, including CNFs cross-linked with metal ion and with polymers. In addition, we have summarized the biomedical applications of CNFs-based hydrogels, including scaffold materials and wound dressings. Results: CNFs-based hydrogels are new types of materials that are non-toxic and display a certain mechanical strength. In the tissue scaffold application, they can provide a micro-environment for the damaged tissue to repair and regenerate it. In wound dressing applications, it can fit the wound surface and protect the wound from the external environment, thereby effectively promoting the healing of skin tissue. Conclusion: By summarizing the preparation and application of CNFs-based hydrogels, we have analyzed and forecasted their development trends. At present, the research of CNFs-based hydrogels is still in the laboratory stage. It needs further exploration to be applied in practice. The development of medical hydrogels with high mechanical properties and biocompatibility still poses significant challenges.

Biomedical Applications and Patents on Metallic Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Singh ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sharma ◽  
Rishabha Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Aim/Objective: The author writes the manuscript by reviewing the literatures related to the biomedical application of metallic nanoparticles. The term metal nanoparticles are used to describe the nanosized metals with the dimension within the size range of 1-100 nm. Methods: The preparation of metallic nanoparticles and their application is an influential area for research. Among various physical and chemical methods (viz. chemical reduction, thermal decomposition, etc.) for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, biological methods have been suggested as possible eco-friendly alternatives. The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is having many problems inclusive of solvent toxicity, the formation of hazardous byproducts and consumption of energy. So it is important to design eco-friendly benign procedures for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Results: From the literature survey, we concluded that metallic nanoparticles have applications in the treatment of different diseases. Metallic nanoparticles are having a great advantage in the detection of cancer, diagnosis, and therapy. And it can also have properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-angiogenic. Conclusion: In this review, recent upcoming advancement of biomedical application of nanotechnology and their future challenges has been discussed.

scholarly journals Functionalization of Gold Nanostars with Cationic β-Cyclodextrin-Based Polymer for Drug Co-Loading and SERS Monitoring

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Orlando Donoso-González ◽  
Lucas Lodeiro ◽  
Álvaro E. Aliaga ◽  
Miguel A. Laguna-Bercero ◽  
Soledad Bollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Gold Nanostars ◽  
Raman Optical Activity ◽  
Cationic Group ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Stability Limits ◽  
Zeta Potential Analysis

Gold nanostars (AuNSs) exhibit modulated plasmon resonance and have a high SERS enhancement factor. However, their low colloidal stability limits their biomedical application as a nanomaterial. Cationic β-cyclodextrin-based polymer (CCD/P) has low cytotoxicity, can load and transport drugs more efficiently than the corresponding monomeric form, and has an appropriate cationic group to stabilize gold nanoparticles. In this work, we functionalized AuNSs with CCD/P to load phenylethylamine (PhEA) and piperine (PIP) and evaluated SERS-based applications of the products. PhEA and PIP were included in the polymer and used to functionalize AuNSs, forming a new AuNS-CCD/P-PhEA-PIP nanosystem. The system was characterized by UV–VIS, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, TGA, SPR, DLS, zeta potential analysis, FE-SEM, and TEM. Additionally, Raman optical activity, SERS analysis and complementary theoretical studies were used for characterization. Minor adjustments increased the colloidal stability of AuNSs. The loading capacity of the CCD/P with PhEA-PIP was 95 ± 7%. The physicochemical parameters of the AuNS-CCD/P-PhEA-PIP system, such as size and Z potential, are suitable for potential biomedical applications Raman and SERS studies were used to monitor PhEA and PIP loading and their preferential orientation upon interaction with the surface of AuNSs. This unique nanomaterial could be used for simultaneous drug loading and SERS-based detection.

scholarly journals Cryogenic Exfoliation of 2D Stanene Nanosheets for Cancer Theranostics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Ouyang ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Leijiao Li ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Zhongmin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Type ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Abstract Stanene (Sn)-based materials have been extensively applied in industrial production and daily life, but their potential biomedical application remains largely unexplored, which is due to the absence of the appropriate and effective methods for fabricating Sn-based biomaterials. Herein, we explored a new approach combining cryogenic exfoliation and liquid-phase exfoliation to successfully manufacture two-dimensional (2D) Sn nanosheets (SnNSs). The obtained SnNSs exhibited a typical sheet-like structure with an average size of ~ 100 nm and a thickness of ~ 5.1 nm. After PEGylation, the resulting PEGylated SnNSs (SnNSs@PEG) exhibited good stability, superior biocompatibility, and excellent photothermal performance, which could serve as robust photothermal agents for multi-modal imaging (fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal imaging)-guided photothermal elimination of cancer. Furthermore, we also used first-principles density functional theory calculations to investigate the photothermal mechanism of SnNSs, revealing that the free electrons in upper and lower layers of SnNSs contribute to the conversion of the photo to thermal. This work not only introduces a new approach to fabricate 2D SnNSs but also establishes the SnNSs-based nanomedicines for photonic cancer theranostics. This new type of SnNSs with great potential in the field of nanomedicines may spur a wave of developing Sn-based biological materials to benefit biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Distinct Chemistries Define the Diverse Biological Effects of Plasma Activated Water Generated with Spark and Glow Plasma Discharges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1178
Author(s):  
Evanthia Tsoukou ◽  
Maxime Delit ◽  
Louise Treint ◽  
Paula Bourke ◽  
Daniela Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Plasma Activated Water

The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a significant threat to human health. Plasma activated liquids (PAL) could be a promising alternative for microbial decontamination, where different PAL can possess diverse antimicrobial efficacies and cytotoxic profiles, depending on the range and concentration of their reactive chemical species. In this research, the biological activity of plasma activated water (PAW) on different biological targets including both microbiological and mammalian cells was investigated in vitro. The aim was to further an understanding of the specific role of distinct plasma reactive species, which is required to tailor plasma activated liquids for use in applications where high antimicrobial activity is required without adversely affecting the biology of eukaryotic cells. PAW was generated by glow and spark discharges, which provide selective generation of hydrogen peroxide, nitrite and nitrate in the liquid. The PAW made by either spark or glow discharges showed similar antimicrobial efficacy and stability of activity, despite the very different reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species profiles (RNS). However, different trends were observed for cytotoxic activities and effects on enzyme function, which were translated through the selective chemical species generation. These findings indicate very distinct mechanisms of action which may be exploited when tailoring plasma activated liquids to various applications. A remarkable stability to heat and pressure was noted for PAW generated with this set up, which broadens the application potential. These features also suggest that post plasma modifications and post generation stability can be harnessed as a further means of modulating the chemistry, activity and mode of delivery of plasma functionalised liquids. Overall, these results further understanding on how PAL generation may be tuned to provide candidate disinfectant agents for biomedical application or for bio-decontamination in diverse areas.

scholarly journals Topographical and Biomechanical Guidance of Electrospun Fibers for Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2896
Author(s):  
Sara Ferraris ◽  
Silvia Spriano ◽  
Alessandro Calogero Scalia ◽  
Andrea Cochis ◽  
Lia Rimondini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Polymeric Fibers ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Synthetic And Natural Polymers ◽  
Selection Of

Electrospinning is gaining increasing interest in the biomedical field as an eco-friendly and economic technique for production of random and oriented polymeric fibers. The aim of this review was to give an overview of electrospinning potentialities in the production of fibers for biomedical applications with a focus on the possibility to combine biomechanical and topographical stimuli. In fact, selection of the polymer and the eventual surface modification of the fibers allow selection of the proper chemical/biological signal to be administered to the cells. Moreover, a proper design of fiber orientation, dimension, and topography can give the opportunity to drive cell growth also from a spatial standpoint. At this purpose, the review contains a first introduction on potentialities of electrospinning for the obtainment of random and oriented fibers both with synthetic and natural polymers. The biological phenomena which can be guided and promoted by fibers composition and topography are in depth investigated and discussed in the second section of the paper. Finally, the recent strategies developed in the scientific community for the realization of electrospun fibers and for their surface modification for biomedical application are presented and discussed in the last section.

Coplanar waveguide-fed ISM band implantable crossed-type triangular slot antenna for biomedical applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Ashok Kumar ◽  
Thangavelu Shanmuganantham
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Ism Band ◽  
High Data ◽  
Implantable Antenna

A novel coplanar waveguide fed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band implantable crossed-type triangular slot antenna is proposed for biomedical applications. The antenna operates at the center frequency of 2450 MHz, which is in ISM band, to support GHz wideband communication for high-data rate implantable biomedical application. The size of the antenna is 78 mm3 (10 mm × 12 mm × 0.65 mm). The simulated and measured bandwidths are 7.9 and 8.2% at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz. The specific absorption rate distribution induced by the implantable antenna inside a human body tissue model is evaluated. The communication between the implanted antenna and external device is also examined. The proposed antenna has substantial merits such as miniaturization, lower return loss, better impedance matching, and high gain over other implanted antennas.

scholarly journals New emerging fields of application of propolis

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassya Bankova ◽  
Milena Popova ◽  
Boryana Trusheva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
The World ◽  
Defensive Substance

Propolis (bee glue) is a sticky resinous material applied by honey bees Apis mellifera L. as a building material in their hives and as a defensive substance against infections. Propolis has been used as a remedy in traditional medicine systems all over the world, mainly to treat wounds and burns, sore throat, stomach ulcer, etc. Modern science has confirmed the antimicrobial and antiviral action of propolis, and has discovered numerous other beneficial pharmacological properties of bee glue: immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antitumor, and many others. For this reason, significant number of products containing propolis have been developed and commercialised: medical devices, over-the-counter preparations, health foods and beverages, cosmetics. This review is not dealing with propolis applications in improvement and protection of human health. Instead, it is focused on some new and promising areas of propolis use and innovative propolis containing products, emerging in the last few years: improving growth performance of livestock, food preservation, food packaging, textile materials for biomedical application, etc.

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