scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanotechnology-Based Diagnosis and Treatments of Human Osteosarcoma

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Barani ◽  
Mahwash Mukhtar ◽  
Abbas Rahdar ◽  
Saman Sargazi ◽  
Sadanand Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Bone Neoplasm ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma ◽  
Functionalized Nanomaterials ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Drug Encapsulation Efficiency

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a type of bone cancer that begins in the cells that form bones. OSA is a rare mesenchymal bone neoplasm derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Genome disorganization, chromosomal modifications, deregulation of tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair defects are the factors most responsible for OSA development. Despite significant advances in the diagnosing and treatment of OSA, patients’ overall survival has not improved within the last twenty years. Lately, advances in modern nanotechnology have spurred development in OSA management and offered several advantages to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapies. This technology has allowed the practical design of nanoscale devices combined with numerous functional molecules, including tumor-specific ligands, antibodies, anti-cancer drugs, and imaging probes. Thanks to their small sizes, desirable drug encapsulation efficiency, and good bioavailability, functionalized nanomaterials have found wide-spread applications for combating OSA progression. This review invokes the possible utility of engineered nanomaterials in OSA diagnosis and treatment, motivating the researchers to seek new strategies for tackling the challenges associated with it.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Nutraceutical Effects of Oleuropein and the Cytotoxic Effects of Adriamycin, When Administered Alone and in Combination, in MG-63 Human Osteosarcoma Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Katerina Gioti ◽  
Anastasia Papachristodoulou ◽  
Dimitra Benaki ◽  
Nektarios Aligiannis ◽  
Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Oleuropein (OLEU) is the most distinguished phenolic compound found in olive fruit and the leaves of Olea europaea L., with several pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer actions. Adriamycin (ADR) is an anthracycline widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent, although it presents significant side effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oleuropein alone (20 μg/mL) and in co-treatment with ADR (50 nM), in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, cellular and molecular techniques, such as MTT assay, flow cytometry, real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), western blot and Elisa method, as well as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, were applied to unveil changes in the signal transduction pathways involved in osteosarcoma cells survival. The observed alterations in gene, protein and metabolite levels denote that OLEU not only inhibits MG-63 cells proliferation and potentiates ADR’s cytotoxicity, but also exerts its action, at least in part, through the induction of autophagy.

Simultaneous Incorporation of 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin into Chitosan Nanoparticle as Drug Carrier and Its Characterization

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2265-2268
Author(s):  
Pu Wang Li ◽  
Yi Chao Wang ◽  
Zheng Peng ◽  
Ling Xue Kong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Combined Drugs ◽  
Drug Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Interaction Between Drugs

A combined drug loaded system containing two most common anti-cancer drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) was designed and prepared by ion crosslinking technology. The resulted nanoparticles are spherical in shape, and the particle size becomes larger when drug combination are loaded. Efficient drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (LC) are obtained due to the strong interaction between drugs and polymer. The combined drugs are distributed in the particles in amorpholous state which are demonstrated by the XRD results.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Development of Canine and Human Osteosarcoma: A Comparative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Makielski ◽  
Lauren J. Mills ◽  
Aaron L. Sarver ◽  
Michael S. Henson ◽  
Logan G. Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Cellular Replication ◽  
Species Specific

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of bone. Osteosarcomas are rare in humans, but occur more commonly in dogs. A comparative approach to studying osteosarcoma has highlighted many clinical and biologic aspects of the disease that are similar between dogs and humans; however, important species-specific differences are becoming increasingly recognized. In this review, we describe risk factors for the development of osteosarcoma in dogs and humans, including height and body size, genetics, and conditions that increase turnover of bone-forming cells, underscoring the concept that stochastic mutational events associated with cellular replication are likely to be the major molecular drivers of this disease. We also discuss adaptive, cancer-protective traits that have evolved in large, long-lived mammals, and how increasing size and longevity in the absence of natural selection can account for the elevated bone cancer risk in modern domestic dogs.

scholarly journals Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ramar Thangam ◽  
Ramasamy Paulmurugan ◽  
Heemin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Functionalized Nanomaterials ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Metal Nanomaterials ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Fluorescent Tags ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
The Brain

Functionalized nanomaterials of various categories are essential for developing cancer nano-theranostics for brain diseases; however, some limitations exist in their effectiveness and clinical translation, such as toxicity, limited tumor penetration, and inability to cross blood–brain and blood-tumor barriers. Metal nanomaterials with functional fluorescent tags possess unique properties in improving their functional properties, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), superparamagnetism, and photo/bioluminescence, which facilitates imaging applications in addition to their deliveries. Moreover, these multifunctional nanomaterials could be synthesized through various chemical modifications on their physical surfaces via attaching targeting peptides, fluorophores, and quantum dots (QD), which could improve the application of these nanomaterials by facilitating theranostic modalities. In addition to their inherent CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), PAI (Photo-acoustic imaging), and X-ray contrast imaging, various multifunctional nanoparticles with imaging probes serve as brain-targeted imaging candidates in several imaging modalities. The primary criteria of these functional nanomaterials for translational application to the brain must be zero toxicity. Moreover, the beneficial aspects of nano-theranostics of nanoparticles are their multifunctional systems proportioned towards personalized disease management via comprising diagnostic and therapeutic abilities in a single biodegradable nanomaterial. This review highlights the emerging aspects of engineered nanomaterials to reach and deliver therapeutics to the brain and how to improve this by adopting the imaging modalities for theranostic applications.

scholarly journals Up-regulation of tumor suppressor genes by exogenous dhC16-Cer contributes to its anti-cancer activity in primary effusion lymphoma

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 15220-15229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyu Cao ◽  
Jing Qiao ◽  
Zhen Lin ◽  
Jovanny Zabaleta ◽  
Lu Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Primary Effusion Lymphoma ◽  
Suppressor Genes ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Activity

scholarly journals Progress in Research on the Role of Flavonoids in Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Zanoaga ◽  
Cornelia Braicu ◽  
Ancuta Jurj ◽  
Alexandru Rusu ◽  
Rares Buiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Current State ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
Lung Cancer Prevention

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Therefore, for the prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of lung cancer, efficient preventive strategies and new therapeutic strategies are needed to face these challenges. Natural bioactive compounds and particular flavonoids compounds have been proven to have an important role in lung cancer prevention and of particular interest is the dose used for these studies, to underline the molecular effects and mechanisms at a physiological concentration. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding relevant molecular mechanisms involved in the pharmacological effects, with a special focus on the anti-cancer role, by regulating the coding and non-coding genes. Furthermore, this review focused on the most commonly altered and most clinically relevant oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and microRNAs in lung cancer. Particular attention was given to the biological effect in tandem with conventional therapy, emphasizing the role in the regulation of drug resistance related mechanisms.

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