scholarly journals Urinalysis Using a Diaper-Based Testing Device

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsuan Sung ◽  
Ching-Yi Liu ◽  
Chung-Yao Yang ◽  
Cheng-Han Chen ◽  
Yu-Ting Tsao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Testing Device ◽  
Nitrite Level ◽  
Urine Biomarkers ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI), one of the most common bacterial infections, annually affect 150 million people worldwide. Infants and the elderly are likely to have missed or delayed diagnosis of UTI due to difficulty clearly describing their symptoms. A rapid screening method for UTI is a critical and urgent need for these populations. The aim of our study is to develop a diaper-based testing device to assay urine biomarkers including pH, leukocyte, and nitrite level. This all-in-one device assists in urine collection and testing using a colorimetric approach to provide easily read visual results on the outside surface of a test strip-integrated diaper. In this study, we tested samples from 46 patients using testing strips and examined the results from 7 patients recruited to validate the strip-integrated diaper. In conclusion, this new diaper-based testing device is easy to use, rapid, and inexpensive, all of which imbue it with tremendous potential for development into a commercially viable UTI screening system.

A New Screening Approach For Fast And Accurate Prediction Of Positive And Negative Urine Cultures By SediMAX Compared With The Standard Urine Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Massimo Pieri ◽  
Flaminia Tomassetti ◽  
Paola Cerini ◽  
Roberta Felicetti ◽  
Lucia Ceccaroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Urine Sediment ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most frequent bacterial infections, and the detection of infection in urine samples is expensive and time-consuming. Also, in laboratories a significant proportion of samples processed yield negative results. For this, screening methods represent an important improvement towards the final UTI diagnosis. SediMAX is an automated microscopy, easier to use in laboratories due to its basic procedure and it is widely used for urine sediment analysis. In our study, we evaluated the performance of SediMAX, applying some screening parameters, compared with the gold standard methods, urine culture, to identify all the positive cases for UTI. We analysed 1185 urine samples from our daily laboratory routine. The basis of our screening model was to establish a cut-off for bacterial count (BACT), as 300 bacteria/µL in order to avoid missing positive cases. However, the sensitivity and the specificity achieved were not enough to identify all UTI infection in urine samples. So, in addition to BACT we have considered other parameters, such as White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Yeasts (YEST), Age and Nitrates (NIT). The second screening method reached a sensitivity of 100%, that could be reliably employed in detect of UTIs.

scholarly journals Bacterial Infections in the Elderly Patient: Focus on Sitafloxacin

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. CMT.S7435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beniam Ghebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Sitafloxacin (DU-6859a) is a new-generation oral fluoroquinolone with in vitro activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including anaerobic bacteria, as well as against atypical bacterial pathogens. Particularly in Japan this antibiotic was approved in 2008 for treatment of a number of bacterial infections caused by Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative cocci and rods, including anaerobia atypical bacterial pathogens. As compared to oral levofloxacin sitafloxacin was non-inferior in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and non-inferior in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, according to the results of randomized, double-blind, multicentre, non-inferiority trials. Non-comparative studies demonstrated the efficacy of oral sitafloxacin in otorhinolaryngological infections, urethritis in men, cervicitis in women and odontogenic infections. Most common adverse reactions were gastrointestinal disorders and laboratory abnormalities in patients receiving oral sitafloxacin; diarrhea and liver enzyme elevations were among the common. In the Japanese population sitafloxacin covers broad spectrum of bacteria as compared to carbapenems, whereas in the Caucasians its use is currently limited due to the potential for ultraviolet A phototoxicity. Sitafloxacin is a promising therapeutic agent which merits further investigation in randomized clinical trials of elderly patients.

scholarly journals Expanding the role of bacterial vaccines into life-course vaccination strategies and prevention of antimicrobial-resistant infections

npj Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan T. Poolman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract A crisis in bacterial infections looms as ageing populations, increasing rates of bacteraemia and healthcare-associated infections converge with increasing antimicrobial resistance and a paucity of new antimicrobial classes. New initiatives are needed to develop bacterial vaccines for older adults in whom immune senescence plays a critical role. Novel vaccines require an expanded repertoire to prevent mucosal diseases such as pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections that are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, and key drivers of antimicrobial resistance. This review considers the challenges inherent to the prevention of bacterial diseases, particularly mucosal infections caused by major priority bacterial pathogens against which current vaccines are sub-optimal. It has become clear that prevention of many lung, urinary tract and skin infections requires more than circulating antibodies. Induction of Th1/Th17 cellular responses with tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells homing to mucosal tissues may be a pre-requisite for success.

Effect of age on susceptibility to post-traumatic infection in the elderly

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Butcher ◽  
V. Killampalli ◽  
H. Chahal ◽  
E. Kaya Alpar ◽  
J.M. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Superoxide Production ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Fractured Neck Of Femur ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Tract Infections

Previous work has demonstrated an age-related decline in neutrophil function, including a decline in phagocytic capacity, with age in healthy individuals. This decline in function may contribute to increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in the elderly population. The present study has investigated the effects of age on susceptibility to infection and neutrophil function in elderly humans following mild trauma. Specifically, we have measured neutrophil function in 44 patients, all of whom had no significant co-morbidity, were over 65 years old (mean age 82.5 years) and had sustained a fractured neck of femur. We obtained neutrophils and examined the process of microbial engulfment by phagocytosis and the bactericidal mechanism of superoxide production. In the 5-week period after trauma, almost half of the elderly trauma patients succumbed to bacterial or fungal infection, with a predominance of chest and urinary tract infections. When examining neutrophil function, a decline in superoxide production was observed in neutrophils from the elderly trauma group at the time of hip fracture when compared with those from healthy elderly controls, and this was maintained 5 weeks after trauma. This was accompanied by an age-related reduction in phagocytic function during this period. We propose that trauma and an age-related decline in neutrophil function combine to decrease the immune response to bacteria in the elderly.

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