scholarly journals Recent Advances in Cellulose-Based Biosensors for Medical Diagnosis

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Kamel ◽  
Tawfik A. Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Cellulose Paper ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Nano Cellulose

Cellulose has attracted much interest, particularly in medical applications such as advanced biosensing devices. Cellulose could provide biosensors with enhanced biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity, which could be useful for biosensors. Thus, they play a significant role in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostic tools, forensic science, and foodstuff processing safety applications. This review summarizes the recent developments in cellulose-based biosensors targeting the molecular design principles toward medical detection purposes. The recognition/detection mechanisms of cellulose-based biosensors demonstrate two major classes of measurable signal generation, including optical and electrochemical cellulosic biosensors. As a result of their simplicity, high sensitivity, and low cost, cellulose-based optical biosensors are particularly of great interest for including label-free and label-driven (fluorescent and colorimetric) biosensors. There have been numerous types of cellulose substrates employed in biosensors, including several cellulose derivatives, nano-cellulose, bacterial cellulose, paper, gauzes, and hydrogels. These kinds of cellulose-based biosensors were discussed according to their preparation procedures and detection principle. Cellulose and its derivatives with their distinctive chemical structure have demonstrated to be versatile materials, affording a high-quality platform for accomplishing the immobilization process of biologically active molecules into biosensors. Cellulose-based biosensors exhibit a variety of desirable characteristics, such as sensitivity, accuracy, convenience, quick response, and low-cost. For instance, cellulose paper-based biosensors are characterized as being low-cost and easy to operate, while nano-cellulose biosensors are characterized as having a good dispersion, high absorbance capacity, and large surface area. Cellulose and its derivatives have been promising materials in biosensors which could be employed to monitor various bio-molecules, such as urea, glucose, cell, amino acid, protein, lactate, hydroquinone, gene, and cholesterol. The future interest will focus on the design and construction of multifunctional, miniaturized, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and integrated biosensors. Thus, the production of cellulose-based biosensors is very important.

scholarly journals Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Perju ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

A multipurpose biochip for food pathogen detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 3055-3060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Primiceri ◽  
Maria Serena Chiriacò ◽  
Francesco de Feo ◽  
Elisa Santovito ◽  
Vincenzina Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Food Pathogen

We realized an innovative biosensing platform with high sensitivity, low-cost and label-free features forS. aureusandL. monocytogenesdetection from meat.

scholarly journals Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
Zhen Gu ◽  
Jing-Jing Luo ◽  
Le-Wei Ding ◽  
Bing-Yong Yan ◽  
Jia-Le Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Microfluidics ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Colorimetric Sensing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Digital Microfluidic

Digital microfluidic (DMF) has been a unique tool for manipulating micro-droplets with high flexibility and accuracy. To extend the application of DMF for automatic and in-site detection, it is promising to introduce colorimetric sensing based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which have advantages including high sensitivity, label-free, biocompatibility, and easy surface modification. However, there is still a lack of studies for investigating the movement and stability of AuNPs for in-site detection on the electrowetting-based digital microfluidics. Herein, to demonstrate the ability of DMF for colorimetric sensing with AuNPs, we investigated the electrowetting property of the AuNPs droplets on the hydrophobic interface of the DMF chip and examined the stability of the AuNPs on DMF as well as the influence of evaporation to the colorimetric sensing. As a result, we found that the electrowetting of AuNPs fits to a modified Young–Lippmann equation, which suggests that a higher voltage is required to actuate AuNPs droplets compared with actuating water droplets. Moreover, the stability of AuNPs was maintained during the processing of electrowetting. We also proved that the evaporation of droplets has a limited influence on the detections that last several minutes. Finally, a model experiment for the detection of Hg2+ was carried out with similar results to the detections in bulk solution. The proposed method can be further extended to a wide range of AuNPs-based detection for label-free, automatic, and low-cost detection of small molecules, biomarkers, and metal ions.

Cocaine detection using aptamer and molybdenum disulfide-gold nanoparticle-based sensors

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Li Gao ◽  
Wenwen Xiang ◽  
Zebin Deng ◽  
Keqing Shi ◽  
Huixing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Molybdenum Disulfide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Plasmon Resonance Band ◽  
Resonance Band ◽  
Cocaine Detection

Aim: The current work highlighted a novel colorimetric sensor based on aptamer and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that was developed for cocaine detection with high sensitivity. Materials & methods: Due to the presence of the plasmon resonance band on the surface of AuNPs, AuNPs aggregated and the color was changed from red to blue after adding a certain concentration of NaCl. We used MoS2 to optimize the sensing system of AuNPs. The folded conformation of the aptamer in combination with cocaine enhanced the salt tolerance of the MoS2-AuNPs, effectively preventing their aggregation. Results & conclusion: The detection limit of cocaine was 7.49 nM with good selectivity. The method based on MoS2-AuNPs colorimetry sensor is simple, quick, label-free and low cost.

scholarly journals Portable tumor biosensing of serum by plasmonic biochips in combination with nanoimprint and microfluidics

Nanophotonics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyang Zhou ◽  
Feng Tao ◽  
Jinfeng Zhu ◽  
Shaowei Lin ◽  
Zhengying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanoimprint Lithography ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Portable Detection ◽  
Clinical Experiments

AbstractPlasmonic sensing has a great potential in the portable detection of human tumor markers, among which the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is one of the most widely used in clinical medicine. Traditional plasmonic and non-plasmonic methods for CEA biosensing are still not suitable for the fast developing era of Internet of things. In this study, we build up a cost-effective plasmonic immunochip platform for rapid portable detection of CEA by combining soft nanoimprint lithography, microfluidics, antibody functionalization, and mobile fiber spectrometry. The plasmonic gold nanocave array enables stable surface functionality, high sensitivity, and simple reflective measuring configuration in the visible range. The rapid quantitative CEA sensing is implemented by a label-free scheme, and the detection capability for the concentration of less than 5 ng/ml is achieved in clinical experiments, which is much lower than the CEA cancer diagnosis threshold of 20 ng/ml and absolutely sufficient for medical applications. Clinical tests of the chip on detecting human serums demonstrate good agreement with conventional medical examinations and great advantages on simultaneous multichannel detections for high-throughput and multi-marker biosensing. Our platform provides promising opportunities on low-cost and compact medical devices and systems with rapid and sensitive tumor detection for point-of-care diagnosis and mobile healthcare.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas13-Based Approaches for Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of microRNAs

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Javier T. Granados-Riveron ◽  
Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Mirna Detection ◽  
Mirna Expression Profiling

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a prominent role in virtually every aspect of cell biology. Due to the small size of mature miRNAs, the high degree of similarity between miRNA family members, and the low abundance of miRNAs in body fluids, miRNA expression profiling is technically challenging. Biosensors based on electrochemical detection for nucleic acids are a novel category of inexpensive and very sensitive diagnostic tools. On the other hand, after recognizing the target sequence, specific CRISPR-associated proteins, including orthologues of Cas12, Cas13, and Cas14, exhibit collateral nonspecific catalytic activities that can be employed for specific and ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection from clinically relevant samples. Recently, several platforms have been developed, connecting the benefits of enzyme-assisted signal amplification and enzyme-free amplification biosensing technologies with CRISPR-based approaches for miRNA detection. Together, they provide high sensitivity, precision, and fewer limitations in diagnosis through efficient sensors at a low cost and a simple miniaturized readout. This review provides an overview of several CRISPR-based biosensing platforms that have been developed and successfully applied for ultrasensitive and specific miRNA detection.

scholarly journals Graphene and its Derivatives-Based Optical Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Guang Gao ◽  
Ling-Xiao Cheng ◽  
Wen-Shuai Jiang ◽  
Xiao-Kuan Li ◽  
Fei Xing
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Single Cell Detection ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Recent Developments

Being the first successfully prepared two-dimensional material, graphene has attracted extensive attention from researchers due to its excellent properties and extremely wide range of applications. In particular, graphene and its derivatives have displayed several ideal properties, including broadband light absorption, ability to quench fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility, and strong polarization-dependent effects, thus emerging as one of the most popular platforms for optical sensors. Graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors have numerous advantages, such as high sensitivity, low-cost, fast response time, and small dimensions. In this review, recent developments in graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors are summarized, covering aspects related to fluorescence, graphene-based substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), optical fiber biological sensors, and other kinds of graphene-based optical sensors. Various sensing applications, such as single-cell detection, cancer diagnosis, protein, and DNA sensing, are introduced and discussed systematically. Finally, a summary and roadmap of current and future trends are presented in order to provide a prospect for the development of graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors.

Identification of Fluids by the Color of Surface Plasmon Polaritons

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Miyu Ozaki ◽  
Tomohisa Sakai ◽  
Hiromichi Murata ◽  
Ryoshu Furutani
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Surface Plasmon Polaritons ◽  
White Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Plasmon Polaritons

When optical waves make the free electrons on a metal surface resonate, optical energy propagates along the surface as density waves of the free electrons. The longitudinal waves and electrical fields of the electrons are called surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which are widely applied in high sensitivity sensors because the excitation of SPPs sensitively depends on the refractive index of the surrounding dielectric sample. Here, we report the identification of fluids by using the color dispersion of SPPs. Silver film on a prism surface is illuminated with white light to excite SPPs. A color component in the white light is thereby selectively coupled with SPPs due to the color dispersion that depends on the refractive index of the fluid on the film. Thus, theoretically, when the refractive index is changed, the color of SPPs changes as well. Our application uses a medium consisting of fluid samples to be identified. The proposed identification method can be applied to fluid analysis for label-free visualization of or as a simple analysis method, since the refractive indices or concentrations of the sample fluids directly affect the color of the SPPs, and this color can be visually identified. We theoretically confirmed that the color of SPPs excited with white light illumination can help to differentiate between water and ethanol. Experimentally, SPPs belonging to the frequency region of the color green were detected when the sample was water, and the color changed to red when ethanol was used instead. In the future, we plan to develop simple, small, sensitive, and low-cost sensors that can determine the concentration and refractive index of fluids on the basis of the color of the SPPs.

scholarly journals Fundamentals and applications of SERS-based bioanalytical sensing

Nanophotonics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kahraman ◽  
Emma R. Mullen ◽  
Aysun Korkmaz ◽  
Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Sers Substrates ◽  
Interface Surface ◽  
Bioanalytical Applications ◽  
Care Technology

AbstractPlasmonics is an emerging field that examines the interaction between light and metallic nanostructures at the metal-dielectric interface. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that uses plasmonics to obtain detailed chemical information of molecules or molecular assemblies adsorbed or attached to nanostructured metallic surfaces. For bioanalytical applications, these surfaces are engineered to optimize for high enhancement factors and molecular specificity. In this review we focus on the fabrication of SERS substrates and their use for bioanalytical applications. We review the fundamental mechanisms of SERS and parameters governing SERS enhancement. We also discuss developments in the field of novel SERS substrates. This includes the use of different materials, sizes, shapes, and architectures to achieve high sensitivity and specificity as well as tunability or flexibility. Different fundamental approaches are discussed, such as label-free and functional assays. In addition, we highlight recent relevant advances for bioanalytical SERS applied to small molecules, proteins, DNA, and biologically relevant nanoparticles. Subsequently, we discuss the importance of data analysis and signal detection schemes to achieve smaller instruments with low cost for SERS-based point-of-care technology developments. Finally, we review the main advantages and challenges of SERS-based biosensing and provide a brief outlook.

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