scholarly journals A Novel View of Human Helicobacter pylori Infections: Interplay between Microbiota and Beta-Defensins

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pero ◽  
Brancaccio ◽  
Laneri ◽  
Biasi ◽  
Lombardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Beta Defensins ◽  
The Impact

The gut microbiota is significantly involved in the preservation of the immune system of the host, protecting it against the pathogenic bacteria of the stomach. The correlation between gut microbiota and the host response supports human gastric homeostasis. Gut microbes may be shifted in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-infected individuals to advance gastric inflammation and distinguished diseases. Particularly interesting is the establishment of cooperation between gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the host in the gastrointestinal tract. AMPs have great importance in the innate immune reactions to Hp and participate in conservative co-evolution with an intricate microbiome. β-Defensins, a class of short, cationic, arginine-rich proteins belonging to the AMP group, are produced by epithelial and immunological cells. Their expression is enhanced during Hp infection. In this review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiome on the host response, with particular regard to β-defensins in Hp-associated infections. In microbial infections, mostly in precancerous lesions induced by Hp infection, these modifications could lead to different outcomes.

scholarly journals Perinatal Environment Shapes Microbiota Colonization And Infant Growth: Impact On Host Response And Intestinal Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmen Collado ◽  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Marta Calatayud ◽  
Izaskun García-Mantrana ◽  
Anna Parra-Llorca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Intestinal Maturation

Abstract Background: Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences. Methods: Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n=23 born at home and n=157 born in hospital, 41.7% via caesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, seven days and one month of life. Breastfeeding habits, infant clinical data, including length, weight and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function and immune response. Results: Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles. Conclusions: Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants.

scholarly journals Perinatal environment shapes microbiota colonization and infant growth: impact on host response and intestinal function

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Selma-Royo ◽  
M. Calatayud Arroyo ◽  
I. García-Mantrana ◽  
A. Parra-Llorca ◽  
R. Escuriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Intestinal Maturation

Abstract Background Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences. Methods Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n = 23 born at home and n = 157 born in hospital, 41.7% via cesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, 7 days, and 1 month of life. Breastfeeding habits and infant clinical data, including length, weight, and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function, and immune response. Results Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles. Conclusions Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants. Trial registration NCT03552939.

scholarly journals Perinatal Environment Shapes Microbiota Colonization And Infant Growth: Impact On Host Response And Intestinal Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Marta Calatayud ◽  
Izaskun García-Mantrana ◽  
Anna Parra-Llorca ◽  
Ramón Escuriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Intestinal Maturation

Abstract Background Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences. Methods Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n=23 born at home and n=157 born in hospital, 41.7% via caesarean section [CS]) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, seven days and one month of life. Breastfeeding habits, infant clinical data, including length, weight and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function and immune response. Results Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles. Conclusions Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants.

scholarly journals Gastric Microenvironment—A Partnership between Innate Immunity and Gastric Microbiota Tricks Helicobacter pylori

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3258
Author(s):  
Cristina Oana Mărginean ◽  
Lorena Elena Meliț ◽  
Maria Oana Săsăran
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Pathogen Recognition ◽  
Microenvironmental Factors ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Major Factors

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) carcinogenicity depends on three major factors: bacterial virulence constituents, environmental factors and host’s genetic susceptibility. The relationship between microenvironmental factors and H. pylori virulence factors are incontestable. H. pylori infection has a major impact on both gastric and colonic microbiota. The presence of non-H. pylori bacteria within the gastric ecosystem is particularly important since they might persistently act as an antigenic stimulus or establish a partnership with H. pylori in order to augment the subsequent inflammatory responses. The gastric ecosystem, i.e., microbiota composition in children with H. pylori infection is dominated by Streptoccocus, Neisseria, Rothia and Staphylococcus. The impairment of this ecosystem enhances growth and invasion of different pathogenic bacteria, further impairing the balance between the immune system and mucosal barrier. Moreover, altered microbiota due to H. pylori infection is involved in increasing the gastric T regulatory cells response in children. Since gastric homeostasis is defined by the partnership between commensal bacteria and host’s immune system, this review is focused on how pathogen recognition through toll-like receptors (TLRs—an essential class of pathogen recognition receptors—PRRs) on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells impact the immune response in the setting of H. pylori infection. Further studies are required for delineate precise role of bacterial community features and of immune system components.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial peptides in patients with anorexia nervosa: comparison with healthy controls and the impact of weight gain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christin Bendix ◽  
Michael Stephan ◽  
Mariel Nöhre ◽  
Wally Wünsch-Leiteritz ◽  
Hagen Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractClinical observations show that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are surprisingly free from infectious diseases. There is evidence from studies in Drosophila melanogaster that starvation leads to an increased expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are part of the innate immune system and protect human surfaces from colonization with pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi. We compared the expression of AMPs between patients with AN and healthy controls (HC) and investigated the influence of weight gain. Using a standardized skin rinsing method, quantitative determination of the AMPs psoriasin and RNase 7 was carried out by ELISA. Even though non-significant, effect sizes revealed slightly higher AMP concentrations in HC. After a mean weight gain of 2.0 body mass index points, the concentration of psoriasin on the forehead of patients with AN increased significantly. We could not confirm our hypotheses of higher AMP concentrations in patients with AN that decrease after weight gain. On the contrary, weight gain seems to be associated with increasing AMP concentrations.

scholarly journals The Microbiotic Highway to Health—New Perspective on Food Structure, Gut Microbiota, and Host Inflammation

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Anette Sams
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Food Structure ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

This review provides evidence that not only the content of nutrients but indeed the structural organization of nutrients is a major determinant of human health. The gut microbiota provides nutrients for the host by digesting food structures otherwise indigestible by human enzymes, thereby simultaneously harvesting energy and delivering nutrients and metabolites for the nutritional and biological benefit of the host. Microbiota-derived nutrients, metabolites, and antigens promote the development and function of the host immune system both directly by activating cells of the adaptive and innate immune system and indirectly by sustaining release of monosaccharides, stimulating intestinal receptors and secreting gut hormones. Multiple indirect microbiota-dependent biological responses contribute to glucose homeostasis, which prevents hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory conditions. The composition and function of the gut microbiota vary between individuals and whereas dietary habits influence the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota influences both the nutritional and biological homeostasis of the host. A healthy gut microbiota requires the presence of beneficial microbiotic species as well as vital food structures to ensure appropriate feeding of the microbiota. This review focuses on the impact of plant-based food structures, the “fiber-encapsulated nutrient formulation”, and on the direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota participate in host immune function.

scholarly journals The Roles of Prebiotics on Impaired Immune System in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1SP) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Zakiudin Munasir
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Immune System Development ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background: After birth, preterm infants face numerous challenges, including short and long-term morbidities, to survive and grow well with impaired immune and gastrointestinal systems. According to data from 184 countries, preterm birth rate ranges from 5-18%, accounting for 35% of all new born deaths. Purpose: This literature review aimed to summarize the evidence for the impact of prematurity on immune system development and the benefit of prebiotics on gut microbiota and immune responses. Discussion: Various studies in this narrative literature review showed that preterm infants have both qualitative and quantitative immune response deficits compared to term infants. Preterm newborns also have impaired intestinal immunity, underdeveloped intestinal mucosa barrier, and gut dysbiosis, which predisposes them to life-threatening infections. Early balanced gut microbiota in infants believed to be essential for adequate intestinal physiological functions and immune system maturation. The use of prebiotics, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in human breast milk, has been found to decrease the risk of various infections and cognitive impairment. A previous study found that prebiotic oligosaccharides supplementation was well-tolerated, significantly increased Bifidobacteria growth, and reduced the presence of gut pathogens. Conclusions: There was robust evidence that breast milk and prebiotics supplementation may support the gut microbiome and immune system in preterm infants. However, different types of synthetic prebiotics offer different benefits, and the protective effect seems to depend on the supplementation duration and dosage.

scholarly journals A Randomised, Controlled Trial: Effect of a Multi-Strain Fermented Milk on the Gut Microbiota Recovery after Helicobacter pylori Therapy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3171
Author(s):  
Eric Guillemard ◽  
Marion Poirel ◽  
Florent Schäfer ◽  
Laurent Quinquis ◽  
Caroline Rossoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gi Symptoms

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy alters gut microbiota, provoking gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that could be improved by probiotics. The study aim was to assess the effect in Hp patients of a Test fermented milk containing yogurt and Lacticaseibacillus (L. paracasei CNCM I-1518 and I-3689, L. rhamnosus CNCM I-3690) strains on antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) (primary aim), GI-symptoms, gut microbiota, and metabolites. A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial was performed on 136 adults under 14-day Hp treatment, receiving the Test or Control product for 28 days. AAD and GI-symptoms were reported and feces analysed for relative and quantitative gut microbiome composition, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and calprotectin concentrations, and viability of ingested strains. No effect of Test product was observed on AAD or GI-symptoms. Hp treatment induced a significant alteration in bacterial and fungal composition, a decrease of bacterial count and alpha-diversity, an increase of Candida and calprotectin, and a decrease of SCFA concentrations. Following Hp treatment, in the Test as compared to Control group, intra-subject beta-diversity distance from baseline was lower (padj = 0.02), some Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia-Shigella (padj = 0.0082) and Klebsiella (padj = 0.013), were less abundant, and concentrations of major SCFA (p = 0.035) and valerate (p = 0.045) were higher. Viable Lacticaseibacillus strains were detected during product consumption in feces. Results suggest that, in patients under Hp treatment, the consumption of a multi-strain fermented milk can induce a modest but significant faster recovery of the microbiota composition (beta-diversity) and of SCFA production and limit the increase of potentially pathogenic bacteria.

Piglets' gut microbiota dynamics.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (048) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The gut microbiota has been a subject of great interest in recent years because the composition and diversity are associated with the maintenance of piglets' health and welfare. This review aims to summarise the composition and diversity of piglet microbiome, the impact on health maintenance, influence of feed and nutrients, impact of stress situations, and the effect of growth promoters and antimicrobials on gut microbiota. The composition and diversity of microbiota are influenced by animal early experiences, the appropriate development of microbiota is essential for intestinal function, and influence animal health, growth and productivity. Interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system help maintain epithelial barrier, and protect from post-weaning diarrhoea pathogenies. After weaning, the piglets' diet changes abruptly, affecting the microbiota and the physiology, but this can be modulated through nutrients such as fibre, protein and minerals. Stress situations contribute to the appearance of intestinal disorders, possibly changing the microbiota and epithelial cell structure, facilitating colonisation of pathogenic bacteria, decreased performance and increase the use of antimicrobials. In swine production, growth promoters and antibiotics are used to reduce mortality and morbidity, especially in weaning piglets, reducing and controlling potential pathogenic bacteria, resulting in more feed intake and body weight. Antimicrobial use reduces the entire gut microbial population; the replacers are probiotics, prebiotics and organic acids, which helps maintain intestinal microbial populations, and inhibits pathogenic bacteria development. Knowing the animal microbiome dynamics helps improve immunity, productive performance and welfare, and also reduce the use of antimicrobials in animal production.

Pattern recognition receptors and their roles in the host response to Helicobacter pylori infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Gonzalez ◽  
Paulina Araya ◽  
Ivan Schneider ◽  
Cristian Lindner ◽  
Armando Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Cancer Pattern ◽  
Main Pattern

Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent, affecting 4.4 billion people globally. This pathogen is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of more than 75% of worldwide cases of gastric cancer. Pattern recognition receptors are essential in the innate immune response to H. pylori infection. They recognize conserved pathogen structures and myriad alarmins released by host cells in response to microbial components, cytokines or cellular stress, thus triggering a robust proinflammatory response, which is crucial in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis. In this review, we intend to highlight the main pattern recognition receptors involved in the recognition and host response to H. pylori, as well as the main structures recognized and the subsequent inflammatory response.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document