scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities of Dictyostelium Differentiation-Inducing Factors and Their Derivatives

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Kubohara ◽  
Yoshiko Shiratsuchi ◽  
Hirotaka Ishigaki ◽  
Katsunori Takahashi ◽  
Yoshiteru Oshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Cellular Slime Mold ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cellular Slime ◽  
Inducing Factors

At the end of its life cycle, the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum forms a fruiting body consisting of spores and a multicellular stalk. Originally, the chlorinated alkylphenone differentiation-inducing factors (DIFs) -1 and -3 were isolated as stalk cell inducers in D. discoideum. Later, DIFs and their derivatives were shown to possess several biologic activities including antitumor and anti-Trypanosoma properties. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activities of approximately 30 DIF derivatives by using several bacterial species. Several of the DIF derivatives strongly suppressed the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the sub-micromolar to low-micromolar range. In contrast, none of the DIF derivatives evaluated had any noteworthy effect on the growth of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (MIC, >100 µM). Most importantly, several of the DIF derivatives strongly inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that treatment with DIF derivatives led to the formation of distinct multilayered structures consisting of cell wall or plasma membrane in S. aureus. The present results suggest that DIF derivatives are good lead compounds for developing novel antimicrobials.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI DARI BEBERAPA KULTIVAR TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 DENGAN HOLE-PLATE DIFFUSION METHOD

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Farida Lanawati Darsono ◽  
Stephanie Devi Artemisia
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Activity Test

A study has been performed on the antimicrobial activities of jambu biji (Psidium guajava Linn) leaves from several cultivars (red, white and yellow cultivar) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 representing the Gram positive bacteria. The reason for conducting this research is that the leaves of jambu biji are frequently used in traditional medicine as a remedy against diarrhoea. The hole-plate diffusion method was used for conducting the antimicrobial activity test with antibiotics (Ampicilline trihidrat) as reference standards. The extracts of jambu biji for each cultivar were obtained by reflux with ethanol 96 percent. The concentrations of the extracts applied to the holes were 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v, the extracts were reconstituted with tween 80 and ethanol 96 percent. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji from each cultivar with the concentration of 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The result obtained statictically evaluated using Anava Factorial 3x3 and furthery tested for significancy (a = 0.05). Based on the results of study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji leaves from red cultivar, white cultivar and yellow cultivar showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Antibiotic Streptomycin Immobilized on Zeolite Synthesized from Natural Kaolinite

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 13573-13586
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Technique

This study evaluated the efficacy of antibacterial activities for a zeolite A (ZEO) sample loaded with streptomycin (STR). The ZEO was synthesized from kaolinite (KAO) via the alkaline hydrothermal process and verified with various techniques, such as X-ray Diffraction, Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and dispersion behavior to confirm the production of ZEO with high purity and reproducibility. The cubic framework of ZEO was maintained after the immobilization of STR, indicating STR molecules' adsorption on the ZEO surface. The STR-loaded ZEO (ZS) samples were prepared in three STR concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/L). The samples' antibacterial activity was determined using the disc diffusion technique and minimum inhibition concentration against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538). Both bacteria were susceptible to ZS, which showed an antibacterial effect directly proportional to the STR concentration. Thus, the synthesized ZEO synthesized from natural KAO had a good prospect as a carrier system for STR for generating a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Biogenetic Conversion of Wyerone and Dihydrowyerone into Wyerone Epoxide in Vicia faba Cotyledons and Screening of Antibacterial Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nedhal A. Al-Douri ◽  
Randa N. Haddadin ◽  
Ashok K. Shakya ◽  
Ghaleb A. Oriquat
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Family ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Plant Produce ◽  
First Time

Background. Vicia faba is a plant that belongs to the family Fabaceae. Cotyledons of this plant produce compounds called phytoalexins as a result of fungal and bacterial infection or stress factors. The phytoalexins are furanoacetylenic compounds. They include wyerone, wyerol, wyerone acid, their dihydro derivatives, and wyerone epoxide. These compounds have antimicrobial activities mainly against fungi. Objective. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the biogenetic conversion of wyerone and dihydrowyerone to wyerone epoxide in V. faba and to investigate the antibacterial activities of some of these phytoalexins. Materials and Methods. Seeds of Vicia faba were used. Labelled wyerone and dihydrowyerone were obtained by treating CuCl2-induced cotyledons with sodium (2-14C) acetate and separated by TLC and HPLC. Labelled wyerone and dihydrowyerone were then applied to induced bean cotyledons to establish any possible interconversion to wyerone epoxide. Antibacterial activity of wyerone, wyerone acid, and wyerone epoxide was investigated by disc diffusion test against a panel of microorganisms. Zones of inhibition were reported. Results. The radiolabeling studies showed that 12.4% of 14C-wyerone, and 6.01% of 14C-dihydrowyerone were incorporated into wyerone epoxide. This indicates that wyerone epoxide was most probably derived from wyerone and dihydrowyerone. In addition, a new compound, 11-hydroxywyerone was isolated for the first time. Additionally, this study showed that wyerone, wyerone epoxide, and wyerone acid had no antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria but were active against Gram-positive bacteria.

Phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial activities of garlic bulb extracts: Traditional medicinal plant in Maiduguri, Borno State

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 008-011
Author(s):  
Fatima Adamu Lawan ◽  
Ibrahim Yusuf Ngoshe ◽  
Binta Baba Shehu ◽  
Ali AG Benisheikh ◽  
Abdullahi Abdulkadir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Garlic Bulb ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

The aim of present study was to assess phytochemical profile and antibacterial activities of some selected bacterial species. All the bacteria species tested showed higher inhibition zone varying from 20mm-27mm with 100mg/ml of ethyl acetate, methanol, Hexane and chloroform respectively. Moreover, the phytochemical profile revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannin in the extracts. Thus, result of this study showed that Garlic bulb extract could be a good candidate for production of synthetic antibacterial drug for the treatment of infections caused by the organisms used in this study.

scholarly journals Dictyostelium: An Important Source of Structural and Functional Diversity in Drug Discovery

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzuru Kubohara ◽  
Haruhisa Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Cellular Slime Mold ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Cellular Slime ◽  
Cellular Slime Molds

The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is an excellent model organism for the study of cell and developmental biology because of its simple life cycle and ease of use. Recent findings suggest that Dictyostelium and possibly other genera of cellular slime molds, are potential sources of novel lead compounds for pharmacological and medical research. In this review, we present supporting evidence that cellular slime molds are an untapped source of lead compounds by examining the discovery and functions of polyketide differentiation-inducing factor-1, a compound that was originally isolated as an inducer of stalk-cell differentiation in D. discoideum and, together with its derivatives, is now a promising lead compound for drug discovery in several areas. We also review other novel compounds, including secondary metabolites, that have been isolated from cellular slime molds.

scholarly journals Widespread Abundance of Functional Bacterial Amyloid in Mycolata and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 4101-4110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bruun Jordal ◽  
Morten Simonsen Dueholm ◽  
Poul Larsen ◽  
Steen Vang Petersen ◽  
Jan Johannes Enghild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Gordonia Amarae

ABSTRACT Until recently, extracellular functional bacterial amyloid (FuBA) has been detected and characterized in only a few bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and the gram-positive organism Streptomyces coelicolor. Here we probed gram-positive bacteria with conformationally specific antibodies and revealed the existence of FuBA in 12 of 14 examined mycolata species, as well as six other distantly related species examined belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Most of the bacteria produced extracellular fimbriae, sometimes copious amounts of them, and in two cases large extracellular fibrils were also produced. In three cases, FuBA was revealed only after extensive removal of extracellular material by saponification, indicating that there is integrated attachment within the cellular envelope. Spores of species in the genera Streptomyces, Bacillus, and Nocardia were all coated with amyloids. FuBA was purified from Gordonia amarae (from the cell envelope) and Geodermatophilus obscurus, and they had the morphology, tinctorial properties, and β-rich structure typical of amyloid. The presence of approximately 9-nm-wide amyloids in the cell envelope of G. amarae was visualized by transmission electron microscopy analysis. We conclude that amyloid is widespread among gram-positive bacteria and may in many species constitute a hitherto overlooked integral part of the spore and the cellular envelope.

scholarly journals In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Mentha spicata Essential Oil against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Sara I. Othman ◽  
Fouad H. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Mentha spicata (M. spicata) is within family Lamiaceae that spreads mainly in the temperate and subtemperate zones of the world. It is considered as a good source of essential oils (EOs), which is widely used in food production and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of the current study is to evaluate antibacterial activities associated with the EO of M. spicata cultivated in Iraq-Erbil city. The aerial parts of M. spicata were subjected to hydro distillation to extract the oil. Antimicrobial potential was tested against many microorganisms, signifying Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. EO of M. spicata demonstrated antimicrobial activities with best susceptibility observed for Gram-negative bacteria toward the oil. The results suggest that EO of M. spicata may have potential value as antibacterial activities.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities of LL-37 Fragment Mutant-Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Conjugate against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5097
Author(s):  
Takeshi Mori ◽  
Miyako Yoshida ◽  
Mai Hazekawa ◽  
Daisuke Ishibashi ◽  
Yoshiro Hatanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Critical Micellar Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acid Conjugate

Various peptides and their derivatives have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities. Although these activities have been examined against microorganisms, novel methods have recently emerged for conjugation of the biomaterials to improve their activities. Here, we prepared CKR12-PLGA, in which CKR12 (a mutated fragment of human cathelicidin peptide, LL-37) was conjugated with poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), and compared the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the conjugated peptide with those of FK13 (a small fragment of LL-37) and CKR12 alone. The prepared CKR12-PLGA was characterized by dynamic light scattering and measurement of the zeta potential, critical micellar concentration, and antimicrobial activities of the fragments and conjugate. Although CKR12 showed higher antibacterial activities than FK13 against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the antifungal activity of CKR12 was lower than that of FK13. CKR12-PLGA showed higher antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli and higher antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared to those of FK13. Additionally, CKR12-PLGA showed no hemolytic activity in erythrocytes, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy suggested that CKR12-PLGA killed and disrupted the surface structure of microbial cells. Conjugation of antimicrobial peptide fragment analogues was a successful approach for obtaining increased microbial activity with minimized cytotoxicity.

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