scholarly journals Triterpene Derivatives as Relevant Scaffold for New Antibiofilm Drugs

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Narjara Santos da Silva ◽  
Muriel Primon-Barros ◽  
Alexandre José Macedo ◽  
Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Vero Cell Line ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Green Monkey

New medicines for the treatment of bacterial biofilm formation are required. For thisreason, this study shows the in vitro activity of betulinic acid (BA), ursolic acid (UA) and their twentyderivatives against planktonic and biofilm cells (gram-positive bacterial pathogens: Enterococcusfaecalis, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>). We evaluated the antibiofilm activity(through the crystal violet method), as well as the antibacterial activity via absorbance (OD<sub>600</sub>) atconcentrations of 5, 25 and 100 μM. Likewise, the cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated on akidney African green monkey (VERO) cell line at the same concentration, by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) methodology. We verified for the first timewhether different groups at carbon 3 (C-3) of triterpenes may interfere in the antibiofilm activity withminimal or no antibacterial effect. After the screening of 22 compounds at three distinctconcentrations, we found antibiofilm activity for eight distinct derivatives without antibiotic effect.In particular, the derivative 2f, with an isopentanoyl ester at position C-3, was an antibiofilm activityagainst S. aureus without any effect upon mammalian cells.

Antibiofilm activity and cytotoxicity of silk sericin against Streptococcus mutans bacteria in biofilm: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Sup4) ◽  
pp. S25-S35
Author(s):  
Pornanong Aramwit ◽  
Supamas Napavichayanum ◽  
Prompong Pienpinijtham ◽  
Yousef Rasmi ◽  
Nipaporn Bang
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Disruption Effect

Objective: To investigate the potential of sericin extracted by different methods to inhibit biofilm formation (prevention) and disrupt already formed biofilm (treatment). Method: In this in vitro study, sericin was extracted by heat, acid, alkali and urea. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were cultivated in the presence of various concentrations of sericin to evaluate antibiofilm formation using cell density assay (inhibition effect before biofilm formed). Conversely, various concentrations of sericin were added to a biofilm already formed by Streptococcus mutans bacteria, and the viability of bacteria assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (disruption effects after biofilm formed). Structures of extracted sericin were evaluated using circular dichroism and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. Results: The urea-extracted sericin at all concentrations (12.5mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml) showed the highest potential antibiofilm activity in terms of both inhibition and disruption effects, compared with sericin extracted by heat, acid or alkali. The heat-extracted and acid-extracted sericin were found to reduce the biofilm formation dose-dependently, while the alkali-extracted sericin did not show either inhibition or disruption effect on the bacterial biofilm. The urea-extracted sericin also killed the bacteria residing within the biofilm, possibly due to its modified structure which may destabilise the bacterial cell wall, leading to membrane disintegration and, finally, cell death. Conclusion: Our results demostrated the antibiofilm activity of sericin. This could form the basis of further research on the mechanism and application of sericin as a novel antibiofilm agent.

scholarly journals Impact of Bacterial Biofilm Formation on In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Antibiotics

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Schwank ◽  
Zarko Rajacic ◽  
Werner Zimmerli ◽  
Jürg Blaser
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Isogenic Strains

ABSTRACT The impact of bacterial adherence on antibiotic activity was analyzed with two isogenic strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis that differ in the features of their in vitro biofilm formation. The eradication of bacteria adhering to glass beads by amikacin, levofloxacin, rifampin, or teicoplanin was studied in an animal model and in a pharmacokinetically matched in vitro model. The features of S. epidermidis RP62A that allowed it to grow on surfaces in multiple layers promoted phenotypic resistance to antibiotic treatment, whereas strain M7 failed to accumulate, despite initial adherence on surfaces and growth in suspension similar to those for RP62A. Biofilms of S. epidermidis M7 were better eradicated than those of strain RP62A in vitro (46 versus 31%;P < 0.05) as well as in the animal model (39 versus 9%; P < 0.01).

The In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Water Leaf Extract of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-163
Author(s):  
Ekajayanti Kining ◽  
Syamsul Falah ◽  
Novik Nurhidayat
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of opportunistic pathogen forming bacterial biofilm. The biofilm sustains the bacterial survival and infections. This study aimed to assess the activity of water extract of papaya leaves on inhibition of cells attachment, growth and degradation of the biofilm using crystal violet (CV) biofilm assay. Research results showed that water extract of papaya leaves contains alkaloids, tanins, flavonoids, and steroids/terpenoids and showed antibacterial activity and antibiofilm against P. aeruginosa. Addition of extract can inhibit the cell attachment and was able to degrade the biofilm of 40.92% and 48.058% respectively at optimum conditions: extract concentration of 25% (v/v), temperature 37.5 °C and contact time 45 minutes. With a concentration of 25% (v/v), temperature of 50 °C and the contact time of 3 days, extract of papaya leaves can inhibit the growth of biofilms of 39.837% v/v.

scholarly journals The Effect of Liquid Rubber Addition on the Physicochemical Properties, Cytotoxicity and Ability to Inhibit Biofilm Formation of Dental Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1704
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Pałka ◽  
Małgorzata Miazga-Karska ◽  
Joanna Pawłat ◽  
Joanna Kleczewska ◽  
Agata Przekora
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Dental Composites ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Ceramic Filler ◽  
Liquid Rubber ◽  
Flow Type ◽  
Type Composite

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modification with liquid rubber on the adhesion to tooth tissues (enamel, dentin), wettability and ability to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation of resin-based dental composites. Two commercial composites (Flow-Art–flow type with 60% ceramic filler and Boston–packable type with 78% ceramic filler; both from Arkona Laboratorium Farmakologii Stomatologicznej, Nasutów, Poland) were modified by addition of 5% by weight (of resin) of a liquid methacrylate-terminated polybutadiene. Results showed that modification of the flow type composite significantly (p < 0.05) increased the shear bond strength values by 17% for enamel and by 33% for dentine. Addition of liquid rubber significantly (p < 0.05) reduced also hydrophilicity of the dental materials since the water contact angle was increased from 81–83° to 87–89°. Interestingly, modified packable type material showed improved antibiofilm activity against Steptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis (quantitative assay with crystal violet), but also cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells since cell viability was reduced to 37% as proven in a direct-contact WST-8 test. Introduction of the same modification to the flow type material significantly improved its antibiofilm properties (biofilm reduction by approximately 6% compared to the unmodified material, p < 0.05) without cytotoxic effects against human fibroblasts (cell viability near 100%). Thus, modified flow type composite may be considered as a candidate to be used as restorative material since it exhibits both nontoxicity and antibiofilm properties.

scholarly journals A Single B-Repeat of Staphylococcus epidermidis Accumulation-Associated Protein Induces Protective Immune Responses in an Experimental Biomaterial-Associated Infection Mouse Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1206-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yan ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hongyan Ma ◽  
David Chiu ◽  
James D. Bryers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accumulation Associated Protein

ABSTRACTNosocomial infections are the fourth leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, resulting in 2 million infections and ∼100,000 deaths each year. More than 60% of these infections are associated with some type of biomedical device.Staphylococcus epidermidisis a commensal bacterium of the human skin and is the most common nosocomial pathogen infecting implanted medical devices, especially those in the cardiovasculature.S. epidermidisantibiotic resistance and biofilm formation on inert surfaces make these infections hard to treat. Accumulation-associated protein (Aap), a cell wall-anchored protein ofS. epidermidis, is considered one of the most important proteins involved in the formation ofS. epidermidisbiofilm. A small recombinant protein vaccine comprising a single B-repeat domain (Brpt1.0) ofS. epidermidisRP62A Aap was developed, and the vaccine's efficacy was evaluatedin vitrowith a biofilm inhibition assay andin vivoin a murine model of biomaterial-associated infection. A high IgG antibody response againstS. epidermidisRP62A was detected in the sera of the mice after two subcutaneous immunizations with Brpt1.0 coadministered with Freund's adjuvant. Sera from Brpt1.0-immunized mice inhibitedin vitroS. epidermidisRP62A biofilm formation in a dose-dependent pattern. After receiving two immunizations, each mouse was surgically implanted with a porous scaffold disk containing 5 × 106CFU ofS. epidermidisRP62A. Weight changes, inflammatory markers, and histological assay results after challenge withS. epidermidisindicated that the mice immunized with Brpt1.0 exhibited significantly higher resistance toS. epidermidisRP62A implant infection than the control mice. Day 8 postchallenge, there was a significantly lower number of bacteria in scaffold sections and surrounding tissues and a lower residual inflammatory response to the infected scaffold disks for the Brpt1.0-immunized mice than for of the ovalbumin (Ova)-immunized mice.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Conditions Induce Expression of Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 4079-4085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Cramton ◽  
Martina Ulrich ◽  
Friedrich Götz ◽  
Gerd Döring
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Environment ◽  
Specific Mrna

ABSTRACT Products of the intercellular adhesion (ica) operon in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis synthesize a linear β-1,6-linked glucosaminylglycan. This extracellular polysaccharide mediates bacterial cell-cell adhesion and is required for biofilm formation, which is thought to increase the virulence of both pathogens in association with prosthetic biomedical implants. The environmental signal(s) that triggers ica gene product and polysaccharide expression is unknown. Here we demonstrate that anaerobic in vitro growth conditions lead to increased polysaccharide expression in both S. aureus and S. epidermidis, although the regulation is less stringent inS. epidermidis. Anaerobiosis also dramatically stimulates ica-specific mRNA expression inica- and polysaccharide-positive strains of both S. aureus and S. epidermidis.These data suggest a mechanism whereby ica gene expression and polysaccharide production may act as a virulence factor in an anaerobic environment in vivo.

scholarly journals Glycation of Host Proteins Increases Pathogenic Potential of Porphyromonas gingivalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 12084
Author(s):  
Michał Śmiga ◽  
John W. Smalley ◽  
Paulina Ślęzak ◽  
Jason L. Brown ◽  
Klaudia Siemińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Glycated Proteins ◽  
Sds Page

The non-enzymatic addition of glucose (glycation) to circulatory and tissue proteins is a ubiquitous pathophysiological consequence of hyperglycemia in diabetes. Given the high incidence of periodontitis and diabetes and the emerging link between these conditions, it is of crucial importance to define the basic virulence mechanisms employed by periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis in mediating the disease process. The aim of this study was to determine whether glycated proteins are more easily utilized by P. gingivalis to stimulate growth and promote the pathogenic potential of this bacterium. We analyzed the properties of three commonly encountered proteins in the periodontal environment that are known to become glycated and that may serve as either protein substrates or easily accessible heme sources. In vitro glycated proteins were characterized using colorimetric assays, mass spectrometry, far- and near-UV circular dichroism and UV–visible spectroscopic analyses and SDS-PAGE. The interaction of glycated hemoglobin, serum albumin and type one collagen with P. gingivalis cells or HmuY protein was examined using spectroscopic methods, SDS-PAGE and co-culturing P. gingivalis with human keratinocytes. We found that glycation increases the ability of P. gingivalis to acquire heme from hemoglobin, mostly due to heme sequestration by the HmuY hemophore-like protein. We also found an increase in biofilm formation on glycated collagen-coated abiotic surfaces. We conclude that glycation might promote the virulence of P. gingivalis by making heme more available from hemoglobin and facilitating bacterial biofilm formation, thus increasing P. gingivalis pathogenic potential in vivo.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of flavonoid from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) as Enterococcus faecalis antibiofilm

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Dalhar Hakiki ◽  
Latief Mooduto ◽  
Ketut Suardita ◽  
Dian Agustin Wahjuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Planktonic Form ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Different Characteristics

Background:Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a microorganism that is commonly found in endodontic failure treatment, this due to several characteristics of E.faecalis which has the capabillity to living in environments with high salt levels, high temperature, and pH broad spectrum. Bacteria in biofilms form is one of the adaptive process that allows bacteria to survive in an environment with low nutrients in the root canals. Bacteria in biofilms form have different characteristics from planktonic form, resistance to phagocytic cells and drugs, which can effect to persistent infection. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) has many benefits, especially on the pericarp of the fruit contains alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Flavonoids are the largest group of phenolic compounds that have a nature effectively inhibit the growth of viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Purpose:Purpose of this study wasto find out the role of the antibiofilm of the flavonoid in garcinia mangostana pericarp against E. faecalis bacterial biofilm. Methods:Laboratory experimental in-vitro with post test only group design. The method used is microtitter plate biofilm assay and continued with the readings use Elisa reader at a wavelength of 595 nm. Results:Flavonoids mangosteen pericarp effective as antibiofilm E.faecalis bacteria at a concentration of 12.5%. Conclusion:The study showed that flavonoids from mangosteen pericarp has antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis bacterial biofilm.

scholarly journals The Antibiofilm Activity of Dual-Function Tail Tubular Protein B from KP32 Phage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Brzozowska ◽  
Anna Pyra ◽  
Krzysztof Pawlik ◽  
Sabina Górska ◽  
Andrzej Gamian
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Action ◽  
Phage Protein

Background: Dual function tail tubular proteins (TTP) belonging to the lytic bacteriophages are the interesting group of biologically active enzymes. Surprisingly, apart from their structural function, they are also polysaccharide hydrolyzes destroying bacterial extracellular components. One of the representatives of this group is TTPB from Klebsiella pneumoniae phage &ndash; KP32. TTPB hydrolyzes exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis strain. This depolymerizing feature was associated with the activity to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. TTPB can inhibit biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Moreover, synergistic activity with antibiotic action has been observed, most likely due to depolymerases&rsquo; facilitation of contact of antibiotic with bacterial cells. Methods: TTPB was overexpressed in E coli system, purified and tested towards the bacterial strains using agar overlay method. The hydrolytic activity of TTPB was performed using EPSs of K. pneumoniae PCM2713 and E. cloacae ATCC 13047 as the substrates. Next, we determined the reducing sugar (RS) levels in the TTPB/EPS mixtures, regarding the RS amount obtained after acidic hydrolysis. The antibiofilm activity of TTPB has been set down on bacterial biofilm using a biochemical method. Finally, we have demonstrated the synergistic activity of TTPB with kanamycin. Results: For the first time, the hydrolytic activity of TTPB towards bacterial EPSs has been shown. TTPB releases about a half of the whole RS amount of EPSs belonging to K. pneumoniae PCM 2713 and E. cloacae ATCC 13047 strains. 1.12 &micro;M of the phage protein reduces biofilm of both strains by over 60%. Destroying the bacterial biofilm the phage protein improves the antibiotic action increasing kanamycin effectiveness up to four times.

Abstract 356: Adhesion of Staphylococcus Epidermidis to Fibrinogen Alters Clot Formation Kinetics and Ultimate Stiffness

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Vitale ◽  
Tianhui Ma ◽  
Michael J Solomon ◽  
J. Scott VanEpps
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Coagulation Proteins

Bacterial infection is known to increase the risk for thromboembolism. The mechanism underlying this correlation remains largely unknown. We recently showed that the common pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis retards clot formation, increases clot elasticity and generates a heterogeneous clot structure that remodels over time. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of this process by evaluating the capacity for S. epidermidis to bind to fibrinogen as a function of its growth phase. We hypothesized that the effect of S. epidermidis on a fibrin clot is related to its propensity toward biofilm formation. Therefore, stationary phase (biofilm-like) S. epidermidis will have a more robust effect on clot kinetics and elasticity than exponential phase (planktonic). Furthermore, this difference is mediated by increased adhesion to fibrinogen. Rheometry was used to evaluate the formation and resultant elasticity of fibrin clots with exponential or stationary phase S. epidermidis . A functional in vitro model was developed to evaluate adhesion of S. epidermidis to a fibrinogen coated surface in a continuously flowing environment. Fluorescent labeled exponential and stationary phase S. epidermidis were visualized flowing through a parallel plate microfluidic chamber past immobilized fibrinogen. Images were obtained every 3 seconds for 30 min. Bacterial deposition rate and mean adhesion time were quantified by automated image analysis. A paired Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Stationary phase S. epidermidis retards clot formation and increases resultant elasticity while exponential phase only slightly reduces elasticity. The bacterial deposition rate onto fibrinogen was significantly (p=0.03) greater for stationary phase (1741 ± 1513 cells/cm 2 · sec -1 ) vs exponential phase (676 ± 270 cells/cm 2 · sec -1 ). The average adhesion time however was similar for exponential and stationary phase cells. Coagulation proteins can provide a framework for bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation and infection. In turn infected thrombi with (biofilm-like) bacteria are stiffer which correlates to more frequent bacterial binding to fibrinogen. This provides a potential molecular mechanism for infection mediated thromboembolic events.

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