scholarly journals The Regulatory Role of IL-10 in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Chiara Porro ◽  
Antonia Cianciulli ◽  
Maria Antonietta Panaro
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cytokine ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Worsening

IL-10, an immunosuppressive cytokine, is considered an important anti-inflammatory modulator of glial activation, preventing inflammation-mediated neuronal degeneration under pathological conditions. In this narrative review, we summarize recent insights about the role of IL-10 in the neurodegeneration associated with neuroinflammation, in diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Traumatic Brain Injury, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Parkinson’s Disease, focusing on the contribution of this cytokine not only in terms of protective action, but also as possibly responsible for clinical worsening. The knowledge of this double face of the same coin, regarding the biological role of the IL-10, could aid the development of targeted therapies useful for limiting neurodegenerative processes.

Defining and Diagnosing Involuntary Emotional Expression Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (S6) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Cummings ◽  
David B. Arciniegas ◽  
Benjamin R. Brooks ◽  
Robert M. Herndon ◽  
Edward C. Lauterbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

AbstractUncontrollable episodes of emotional expression occur in a variety of neurological conditions. This emotional disinhibition syndrome is characterized by episodes of crying or laughing that are unrelated to or out of proportion to the eliciting stimulus. This syndrome is common among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and traumatic brain injury and a variety of terms and definitions have been used to describe it. The confusing nomenclature has been a barrier to understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of this disorder. The authors propose a unifying term, involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED), and provide diagnostic criteria for this disorder.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Opportunities and Limitations

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Hee Ra Park ◽  
Eun Jin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Upper Motor Neurons ◽  
Potential Therapeutics ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Oxidative Agents

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND) and Lou Gehrig’s disease, is characterized by a loss of the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and the upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex. Due to the complex and multifactorial nature of the various risk factors and mechanisms that are related to motor neuronal degeneration, the pathological mechanisms of ALS are not fully understood. Oxidative stress is one of the known causes of ALS pathogenesis. This has been observed in patients as well as in cellular and animal models, and is known to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and the loss of motor neurons. Numerous therapeutic agents have been developed to inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In this review, we describe the role of oxidative stress in ALS pathogenesis, and discuss several anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents as potential therapeutics for ALS. Although oxidative stress and antioxidant fields are meaningful approaches to delay disease progression and prolong the survival in ALS, it is necessary to investigate various animal models or humans with different subtypes of sporadic and familial ALS.

The role of kynurenines in the pathomechanism of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis: therapeutic implications

2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Füvesi ◽  
Cecilia Rajda ◽  
Krisztina Bencsik ◽  
József Toldi ◽  
László Vécsei
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Role of zinc and copper ions in the pathogenetic mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolay K. Isaev ◽  
Elena V. Stelmashook ◽  
Elisaveta E. Genrikhs
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

AbstractThe disruption of homeostasis of zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions in the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Wilson’s, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases (AD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The last two pathological conditions of the brain are the most common; moreover, it is possible that TBI is a risk factor for the development of AD. Disruptions of Zn2+ and Cu2+ homeostasis play an important role in the mechanisms of pathogenesis of both TBI and AD. This review attempts to summarize and systematize the currently available research data on this issue. The neurocytotoxicity of Cu2+ and Zn2+, the synergism of the toxic effect of calcium and Zn2+ ions on the mitochondria of neurons, and the interaction of Zn2+ and Cu2+ with β-amyloid (Abeta) and tau protein are considered.

History and Prevalence of Involuntary Emotional Expression Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (S5) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Duda
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Neurological Injuries ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

AbstractThe syndrome now known as involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED) is a condition characterized by uncontrollable episodes of laughing and/or crying. It has been known for more than a century, but confusing and conflicting terminology may have hampered the progress of physicians in recognizing this condition. IEED is associated with various neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and neurological injuries such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. It is hoped that better defined terminology for IEED may help in the future diagnosis of this debilitating condition, the establishment of accurate prevalence rates for IEED in the varying underlying conditions, and also in removing blame and stigma from sufferers by providing reassurance about the nature of their condition.

Mast cells and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of neurologic and psychiatric diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Igor P. Grigorev ◽  
Dmitrii E. Korzhevskii
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Alzheimers Disease ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The review summarizes current data on the role of neuroinflammation and mast cells in the pathogenesis of nervous and mental diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, autism, migraine, schizophrenia and some others. The contribution of neuroinflammation to the pathogenesis of many of these diseases has been demonstrated. The involvement of mast cells in the development of the neuroinflammatory process has with varying degrees of evidence been shown for multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimers disease and migraine. There is still no convincing evidence that mast cells contribute to neuroinflammation in Parkinsons disease, depression, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, although it is possible that they play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Data on the causal role of neuroinflammation and mast cells in the development of neuropsychiatric diseases may become the basis for the development of new approaches to their pharmacological treatment. The review provides data on the first clinical trials of anti-inflammatory and mast cell activity-modulating drugs for the treatment of migraine, Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The Role of Autophagy: What can be Learned from the Genetic Forms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Pasquali ◽  
Riccardo Ruffoli ◽  
Federica Fulceri ◽  
Sara Pietracupa ◽  
Gabriele Siciliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

scholarly journals Cortical and Striatal Electroencephalograms and Apomorphine Effects in the FUS Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Vasily Vorobyov ◽  
Alexander Deev ◽  
Frank Sengpiel ◽  
Vladimir Nebogatikov ◽  
Aleksey A. Ustyugov
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Eeg Spectra ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by degeneration of motor neurons resulting in muscle atrophy. In contrast to the lower motor neurons, the role of upper (cortical) neurons in ALS is yet unclear. Maturation of locomotor networks is supported by dopaminergic (DA) projections from substantia nigra to the spinal cord and striatum. Objective: To examine the contribution of DA mediation in the striatum-cortex networks in ALS progression. Methods: We studied electroencephalogram (EEG) from striatal putamen (Pt) and primary motor cortex (M1) in ΔFUS(1–359)-transgenic (Tg) mice, a model of ALS. EEG from M1 and Pt were recorded in freely moving young (2-month-old) and older (5-month-old) Tg and non-transgenic (nTg) mice. EEG spectra were analyzed for 30 min before and for 60 min after systemic injection of a DA mimetic, apomorphine (APO), and saline. Results: In young Tg versus nTg mice, baseline EEG spectra in M1 were comparable, whereas in Pt, beta activity in Tg mice was enhanced. In older Tg versus nTg mice, beta dominated in EEG from both M1 and Pt, whereas theta and delta 2 activities were reduced. In younger Tg versus nTg mice, APO increased theta and decreased beta 2 predominantly in M1. In older mice, APO effects in these frequency bands were inversed and accompanied by enhanced delta 2 and attenuated alpha in Tg versus nTg mice. Conclusion: We suggest that revealed EEG modifications in ΔFUS(1–359)-transgenic mice are associated with early alterations in the striatum-cortex interrelations and DA transmission followed by adaptive intracerebral transformations.

scholarly journals Occupational Therapy Interventions in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Luis De-Bernardi-Ojuel ◽  
Laura Torres-Collado ◽  
Manuela García-de-la-Hera
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

This scoping review aims to describe occupational therapy interventions carried out with multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in occupational therapy. A peer review of the literature was conducted in different databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase, and in some occupational therapy journals. A search of the literature published was carried out before December 2019. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) articles evaluating the intervention of occupational therapy in MS or ALS including experimental, randomized, nonrandomized and exploratory studies; (2) written in English or Spanish; (3) adult population (over 18 years old). The initial search identified 836 articles of which we included 32 divided into four areas of intervention: fatigue-targeted interventions, cognitive interventions, physical interventions and others. Only 16 studies were carried out exclusively by occupational therapists. Most occupational therapy interventions are aimed at fatigue and physical rehabilitation. The majority of the studies in our review included MS patients, with little representation from the ALS population. These interventions have shown an improvement in perceived fatigue, manual dexterity, falls prevention and improvement in cognitive aspects such as memory, communication, depression and quality of life in the MS and ALS populations.

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