scholarly journals Operative Workflow from CT to 3D Printing of the Heart: Opportunities and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Michele Bertolini ◽  
Marco Rossoni ◽  
Giorgio Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Heart Model ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Thickness Variability ◽  
3D Digital Models

Medical images do not provide a natural visualization of 3D anatomical structures, while 3D digital models are able to solve this problem. Interesting applications based on these models can be found in the cardiovascular field. The generation of a good-quality anatomical model of the heart is one of the most complex tasks in this context. Its 3D representation has the potential to provide detailed spatial information concerning the heart’s structure, also offering the opportunity for further investigations if combined with additive manufacturing. When investigated, the adaption of printed models turned out to be beneficial in complex surgical procedure planning, for training, education and medical communication. In this paper, we will illustrate the difficulties that may be encountered in the workflow from a stack of Computed Tomography (CT) to the hand-held printed heart model. An important goal will consist in the realization of a heart model that can take into account real wall thickness variability. Stereolithography printing technology will be exploited with a commercial rigid resin. A flexible material will be tested too, but results will not be so satisfactory. As a preliminary validation of this kind of approach, print accuracy will be evaluated by directly comparing 3D scanner acquisitions to the original Standard Tessellation Language (STL) files.

Managing the Edentulous Mandible using Recent Technological Developments: A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Ashok Sethi ◽  
Thomas Kaus ◽  
Naresh Sharma ◽  
Peter Sochor
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Prosthetic Reconstruction ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Edentulous Mandible ◽  
Cad Cam

Safe clinical practice in implant dentistry requires an accurate investigation of the availability of bone for implant placement and the avoidance of critical anatomical structures. Modern imaging techniques using computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provide the clinician with the required information. The imaging thus obtained provides accurate representation of the height, width and length of the available bone.1 In addition, whenever adequate radiation dose is used, accurate information about the bone density in Hounsfield units can be obtained. Important spatial information regarding the orientation of the ridges and the relationship to the proposed prosthetic reconstruction can be obtained with the aid of radiopaque templates during the acquisition of CT scan data. Modern software also provides the facility to decide interactively upon the positioning of the implants and is able to relate this to a stereolithographic model constructed from the imaging data. A surgical guide for the accurate positioning of the implants can be constructed. The construction of screw retained prostheses is fraught with difficulties regarding the accuracy of the construction. Accurate fit of the prosthesis is difficult to obtain due to the inherent errors in impression taking, component discrepancies, investing and casting inaccuracies.2,3 CAD/CAM technology eliminates the inaccuracies involved with the investing and casting of superstructures. Clinical Case This case describes the management of an 84 year old female patient, who had recently lost her remaining mandibular anterior teeth. This resulted in the patient's inability to wear conventional dentures in the mandible.

scholarly journals Oral and maxillofacial anatomical structures acknowledgment through cone beam computed tomography images – a teaching practice experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Solange Kobayashi-Velasco ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Sales Salineiro ◽  
Ivan Onone Gialain ◽  
Wellington Hideaki Yanaguizawa ◽  
Marcelo Gusmão Paraiso Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Computed Tomography Images

O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar uma metodologia de ensino de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) aplicada a estudantes de graduação, avaliando o conhecimento de estruturas anatômicas do complexo dentomaxilofacial. Os estudantes foram orientados quanto às estruturas anatômicas e às aplicações clínicas da TCFC em aulas teóricas e práticas, compreendendo 45 horas de aula. Foram submetidos a duas avaliações, a primeira na metade do semestre, e a segunda no término do semestre. Os escores das avaliações (três variáveis: 1) nome, 2) lado - esquerdo/direito e 3) reconstruções multiplanares (RMP) - imagens ortogonais de identificação) foram comparados para verificar se houve melhora na aprendizagem. Testes de medianas e Wilcoxon compararam os exames intermediário e final. Os valores medianos para a variável 1 foram 6,0 (intermediário) e 8,0 (final). Em relação à variável 2, a mediana variou de 9,0 (intermediário) a 10,0 (final). Quando os resultados da variável 3 foram analisados, ambas as medianas foram 10,0. Houve diferença significativa (teste de Wilcoxon, p<0,05) quando foram comparados os exames intermediário e final, nas três categorias. Correlações lineares foram estabelecidas entre as três categorias e foram estatisticamente significantes para duas associações (“nome da estrutura anatômica” com “lado da estrutura anatômica” e “nome da estrutura anatômica” com “imagens da MPR”). Os estudantes de graduação apresentaram uma melhora em termos do reconhecimento correto das estruturas anatômicas, nome e lado, bem como imagens de MPR quando comparadas as duas avaliações.

scholarly journals Lobectomy for lung cancer with a displaced left B1 + 2 and an anomalous pulmonary vein: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Sakamoto ◽  
Hiromitsu Takizawa ◽  
Naoya Kawakita ◽  
Akira Tangoku
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Anomalous Pulmonary Vein

Abstract Background A displaced left B1 + 2 accompanied by an anomalous pulmonary vein is a rare condition involving complex structures. There is a risk of unexpected injuries to bronchi and blood vessels when patients with such anomalies undergo surgery for lung cancer. Case presentation A 59-year-old male with suspected lung cancer in the left lower lobe was scheduled to undergo surgery. Chest computed tomography revealed a displaced B1 + 2 and hyperlobulation between S1 + 2 and S3, while the interlobar fissure between S1 + 2 and S6 was completely fused. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) revealed an anomalous V1 + 2 joining the left inferior pulmonary vein and a branch of the V1 + 2 running between S1 + 2 and S6. We performed left lower lobectomy via video-assisted thoracic surgery, while taking care with the abovementioned anatomical structures. The strategy employed in this operation was to preserve V1 + 2 and confirm the locations of B1 + 2 and B6 when dividing the fissure. Conclusion The aim of the surgical procedure performed in this case was to divide the fissure between S1 + 2 and the inferior lobe to reduce the risk of an unexpected bronchial injury. 3D-CT helps surgeons to understand the stereoscopic positional relationships among anatomical structures.

Retrospective assessment of dental implant-related perforations of relevant anatomical structures and inadequate spacing between implants/teeth using cone-beam computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 3281-3288
Author(s):  
Hugo Gaêta-Araujo ◽  
Nicolly Oliveira-Santos ◽  
Arthur Xavier Maseti Mancini ◽  
Matheus Lima Oliveira ◽  
Christiano Oliveira-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Retrospective Assessment

scholarly journals Automated Vessel Segmentation in CT and CTA scans of the Lung Via Deep Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
wenjun tan ◽  
luyu zhou ◽  
xiaoshuo li ◽  
xiaoyu yang ◽  
yufei chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Discrete Distribution ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Pulmonary Vessel ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Vascular Segmentation ◽  
Segmentation Task

Abstract Background: The distribution of pulmonary vessels in computed tomography images is important for diagnosing disease, formulating surgical plans and pulmonary research. However, there are many challenges of pulmonary vascular segmentation due to its characteristics of narrow and long pipes, discrete distribution and tree-like structure. With the development of deep learning and medical image processing, an automatic, accurate and fast segmentation algorithm of pulmonary blood vessels becomes possible. Methods: Based on the International Symposium on Image Computing and Digital Medicine 2020 challenge pulmonary vascular segmentation task, this paper objectively evaluates the performance of 12 different algorithms in chest computed tomography and computed tomography angiography. First, we present the annotated reference dataset including computed tomography and computed tomography angiography. Second, by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each team’s algorithm from 12 different institution, the reasons for some defects and improvements are summarized. Finally, we discuss the ways and methods to improve the results. Results: These methods were compared with the ground truth by the numerical results and the intuitive results from computed tomography and computed tomography angiography images. Most methods do an admirable job in pulmonary vascular extraction, with dice coefficients ranging from 0.70 to 0.85, and the dice coefficient for the top three methods are about 0.80. Conclusions: These results show that the methods which consider spatial information, fuse multi-scale feature map, or have an excellent post-processing are significant for further improving the accuracy of pulmonary vascular segmentation. Keywords: segmentation; pulmonary; vessel; U-Net; network; CT images; CTA

scholarly journals Nasal cavities and the nasal septum: Anatomical variants and assessment of features with computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-347
Author(s):  
Michaela Cellina ◽  
Daniele Gibelli ◽  
Annalisa Cappella ◽  
Carlo Martinenghi ◽  
Elena Belloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Surgical Results ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Anatomic Variants

The nasal cavities are complex anatomical structures with high inter-individual variability that relates to different functions. Different anatomic variants may manifest at this site, mainly belonging to the nasal septum and turbinates. Precise knowledge of the anatomy and variants is fundamental for both radiologists and ENT surgeons. This article provides an overview of the main anatomic variants and their frequency, according to the existing literature, as well as ongoing research on nasal cavity segmentation in order to obtain personal 3D models and to predict post-surgical results.

scholarly journals Method to Determine the Root Canal Anatomic Dimension by using a New Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Software

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike R Bueno ◽  
Cyntia R.A. Estrela ◽  
José Mauro Granjeiro ◽  
Manoel D. Sousa-Neto ◽  
Carlos Estrela
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Correct Position ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Cbct Image

Abstract This study discusses a method to determine the root canal anatomic dimension by using e-Vol DX software. The methodology consists in initially establishes the correct positions which will be measured, define the point on the edge of the anatomical structure, and next adjust the intermediate position in the grayscale of CBCT image. Afterward, thin sections (0.10 mm) are obtained from 3D reconstructed slices in the filter for the measurements, in order to determine the edge of the anatomical surface in the axial plane. A replication of positions in 3D mode is done in multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) of CBCT images, where the correct position is established with the aid of a positioning guide. The 3D density is adjusted so that it is in the same dimension as the 2D image, and a dimension calibration occurs to the point where there is a coincidence between 3D and 2D. This calibration is done only at the beginning of the measurement. Next, the intermediate position of the division between the grayscale is verified in the CBCT scan. Once one side has been completed, it is moved to the other side and follows the same guidelines described above. When setting the position of the courses in the other margin, being that 2D mode is used as reference. Thus, one obtains the required measure, being checked in the two points. The creation of this filter in the e-Vol DX software for measurement, and its appropriate management, allows more effective applications when it is desired to obtain diameters of anatomical structures.

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