scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Use of Polyhydroyalkanoates in Biomedicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Rodriguez-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Insight Into

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of natural biopolyesters, are widely used in many applications, especially in biomedicine. Since they are produced by a variety of microorganisms, they possess special properties that synthetic polyesters do not have. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity are the crucial properties that make these biologically produced thermoplastics and elastomers suitable for their applications as biomaterials. Bacterial or archaeal fermentation by the combination of different carbohydrates or by the addition of specific inductors allows the bioproduction of a great variety of members from the PHAs family with diverse material properties. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its copolymers, such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHVB) or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB4HB), are the most frequently used PHAs in the field of biomedicine. PHAs have been used in implantology as sutures and valves, in tissue engineering as bone graft substitutes, cartilage, stents for nerve repair, and cardiovascular patches. Due to their good biodegradability in the body and their breakdown products being unhazardous, they have also been remarkably applied as drug carriers for delivery systems. As lately there has been considerable and growing interest in the use of PHAs as biomaterials and their application in the field of medicine, this review provides an insight into the most recent scientific studies and advances in PHAs exploitation in biomedicine.

Biocompatible Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems with Targeting Potential for Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5488-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Neupane ◽  
Asiya Mahtab ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Archu Singh ◽  
Namrata Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases. These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.

Bone Grafts: An Overview of Bone Remodeling, Types and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
pp. 6101-6105
Author(s):  
Gopala Krishna Ganta ◽  
Rama Krishna Alla ◽  
Kamala Cheruvu ◽  
Bharathi Ram Guduri
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

Bone grafts are often used to retrieve the lost bone in the most acceptable, technical and skilful manner that enables to restore the form and function of the bone. Numerous bone graft materials have been developed to fill and/or remodel the bony defects. Though, autografts were considered to be the gold standard among the grafts available; they have got some inherent disadvantages. The current research is more focused on allografts, which addressed the problems associated with autografts. This article provides an insight into the remodeling process, and various types of bone grafts currently available. Also, the emphasis was given on the recent advances of the bone grafts.

scholarly journals Resealed Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers and Its Therapeutic Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 459-485
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Singh ◽  
Sudhakar Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ideal

In this pharma innovative world, there are more than 30 drug delivery systems. Today's due to lacking the target specificity, the present scenario about drug delivery is emphasizing towards targeted drug delivery systems. Erythrocytes are the most common type of blood cells travel thousands of miles from wide to narrow pathways to deliver oxygen, drugs and nutrient during their lifetime. Red blood cells have strong and targeted potential carrier capabilities for varieties of drugs. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes or resealed erythrocytes are promising for various passive and active targeting. Resealed erythrocyte have advantage over several drug carrier models like biocompatibility, biodegradability without toxic products, inert intracellular environment, entrapping potential for a variety of chemicals, protection of the organism against toxic effects of the drug, able to circulate throughout the body, ideal zero-order drug-release kinetics, no undesired immune response against encapsulated drug etc. Resealed erythrocytes are rapidly taken up by macrophages of the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) of the liver, lung, and spleen of the body and hence drugs also. Resealed erythrocytes method of drugs delivery is secure and effective for drugs targeting specially for a longer period of time. This chapter will explain the different method of drug loading for resealed erythrocytes, their characterization, and applications in various therapies and associated health benefits.

Resealed Erythrocytes as Drug Carriers and Its Therapeutic Applications

2016 ◽  
pp. 340-366
Author(s):  
Prabhakar Singh ◽  
Sudhakar Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Kesharwani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ideal

In this pharma innovative world, there are more than 30 drug delivery systems. Today's due to lacking the target specificity, the present scenario about drug delivery is emphasizing towards targeted drug delivery systems. Erythrocytes are the most common type of blood cells travel thousands of miles from wide to narrow pathways to deliver oxygen, drugs and nutrient during their lifetime. Red blood cells have strong and targeted potential carrier capabilities for varieties of drugs. Drug-loaded carrier erythrocytes or resealed erythrocytes are promising for various passive and active targeting. Resealed erythrocyte have advantage over several drug carrier models like biocompatibility, biodegradability without toxic products, inert intracellular environment, entrapping potential for a variety of chemicals, protection of the organism against toxic effects of the drug, able to circulate throughout the body, ideal zero-order drug-release kinetics, no undesired immune response against encapsulated drug etc. Resealed erythrocytes are rapidly taken up by macrophages of the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) of the liver, lung, and spleen of the body and hence drugs also. Resealed erythrocytes method of drugs delivery is secure and effective for drugs targeting specially for a longer period of time. This chapter will explain the different method of drug loading for resealed erythrocytes, their characterization, and applications in various therapies and associated health benefits.

scholarly journals Synthetic and Marine-Derived Porous Bone Graft Substitutes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Neto ◽  
José Maria Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes

Bone is a dynamic tissue with the capacity of repair and regeneration in specific conditions. Nevertheless, due to the increased incidence of bone disorders, the need of bone grafts has been growing over the past decades and the development of an ideal bone graft with optimal properties remains a clinical challenge. This review addresses the bone properties (morphology, composition and their repair and regeneration capacity) and puts the main focus on the potential strategies for developing bone repair and regeneration materials. It describes the requirements for designing a suitable scaffold material, types of materials (polymers, ceramics and composites) and techniques to obtain the porous structures (additive manufacturing techniques/robocasting or derived from marine skeletons) for bone tissue engineering applications. The main objective of this review is to gather the knowledge on the materials and methods for the production of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and highlighting the potential of natural porous structures such as marine skeletons as promising alternative bone graft substitute materials without any further mineralogical changes, or after partial or total transformation into calcium phosphate. The suitability of the marine-derived porous bone graft substitutes for the intended applications will be also discussed.

Recent advances in gold nanoparticle-based bioengineering applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (43) ◽  
pp. 8433-8444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Kim ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Gilson Khang ◽  
Dong-Kwon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Recent Advances

The recently developed gold nanoparticle-based bioengineering technologies for biosensors,in vitroandin vivobioimaging, drug delivery systems for improved therapeutics and tissue engineering are discussed.

Stem cells combined with bone graft substitutes in skeletal tissue engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakareya Gamie ◽  
Gui Tong Tran ◽  
George Vyzas ◽  
Nectarios Korres ◽  
Manolis Heliotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes

scholarly journals Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Regenerative Medicine

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5371
Author(s):  
Nina Filipczak ◽  
Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Muhammad Muzamil Khan ◽  
Farzana Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Natural Healing

The most important goal of regenerative medicine is to repair, restore, and regenerate tissues and organs that have been damaged as a result of an injury, congenital defect or disease, as well as reversing the aging process of the body by utilizing its natural healing potential. Regenerative medicine utilizes products of cell therapy, as well as biomedical or tissue engineering, and is a huge field for development. In regenerative medicine, stem cells and growth factor are mainly used; thus, innovative drug delivery technologies are being studied for improved delivery. Drug delivery systems offer the protection of therapeutic proteins and peptides against proteolytic degradation where controlled delivery is achievable. Similarly, the delivery systems in combination with stem cells offer improvement of cell survival, differentiation, and engraftment. The present review summarizes the significance of biomaterials in tissue engineering and the importance of colloidal drug delivery systems in providing cells with a local environment that enables them to proliferate and differentiate efficiently, resulting in successful tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Synthetic and Marine-Derived Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Neto ◽  
José Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bone Properties

Bone is a vascularized and connective tissue. The cortical bone is the main part responsible for the support and protection of the remaining systems and organs of the body. The trabecular spongy bone serves as the storage of ions and bone marrow. As a dynamic tissue, bone is in a constant remodelling process to adapt to the mechanical demands and to repair small lesions that may occur. Nevertheless, due to the increased incidence of bone disorders, the need for bone grafts has been growing over the past decades and the development of an ideal bone graft with optimal properties remains a clinical challenge. This review addresses the bone properties (morphology, composition, and their repair and regeneration capacity) and puts the focus on the potential strategies for developing bone repair and regeneration materials. It describes the requirements for designing a suitable scaffold material, types of materials (polymers, ceramics, and composites), and techniques to obtain the porous structures (additive manufacturing techniques like robocasting or derived from marine skeletons) for bone tissue engineering applications. Overall, the main objective of this review is to gather the knowledge on the materials and methods used for the production of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and to highlight the potential of natural porous structures such as marine skeletons as promising alternative bone graft substitute materials without any further mineralogical changes, or after partial or total transformation into calcium phosphate.

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